IGulf of Mexico - inhlekelele yemvelo yekhulu lama-XXI

Kuyo yonke isikhathi sokukhona kwalo muntu owenza ithonya elibi ngokuphindaphindiwe endaweni. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bwanamuhla, izinhlekelele zemvelo ziye zanda kakhulu. Ukuqinisekiswa okucacile kwalokhu yiGulf of Mexico. Inhlekelele eyenzeka lapho entwasahlobo ka-2010 yabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi angcolile, okwaholela ekufeni kwezakhamuzi eziningi zasolwandle kanye nokunciphisa inani labantu.

Isibangela sengozi kwakuyingozi engxenyeni yamafutha e-Deepwater Horizon, okwakungenxa yokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bezisebenzi kanye nokunganakwa kwabanikazi benkampani yamafutha negesi. Ngenxa yezenzo ezingalungile, kwakukhona ukuqhuma nomlilo, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-13 ababesesiteji futhi abahlanganyele ekuqedeni imiphumela yengozi. Ngangakapheli amahora angu-35 umlilo waqedwa ngabashayeli bezimlilo, kodwa kwaze kwaphela izinyanga ezinhlanu amafutha ageleza eGulf of Mexico avinjelwe ngokuphelele.

Ngokwezinye izazi, cishe amabhiliyoni ayizigidi ezingu-5 zamapulangwe awela emanzini izinsuku ezingu-152, lapho amafutha athululelwa khona emthonjeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, indawo engamakhilomitha angama-75,000 wamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisithupha. Ukuqedwa kwemiphumela yengozi kwabandakanya amasosha aseMelika namavolontiya avela emhlabeni wonke owafika eGulf of Mexico. Amafutha ayeqoqwe kokubili ngesandla nangemikhumbi ekhethekile. Sihlangene, sakwazi ukuthola amaphesenti angaba ngu-810,000 wephethiloli emanzini.

Into eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuyeka ukuvuza kwamafutha, ama-plugs afakiwe awazange asize. Amakhemikhali athululelwe emithonjeni, ukugaya amanzi okugcoba kwakungeniswa ngaphakathi, kodwa ngo-September 19 kuphela ukuvalwa uphawu okuphelele kutholakale, kuyilapho kwenzeka ingozi ngo-Ephreli 20. I-Gulf yaseMexico phakathi nale nkathi ibe yindawo engcolile kakhulu emhlabeni. Itholakala efile izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6, ama-turtle angu-600 , amahlengethwa angu-100, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlanzi eziningi.

Ukulimala okweqhwa kwenzelwa ama-coral, angeke akhule emanzini angcolile. Ukufa kwehlengethwa ye-bottlenose kuye kwanda cishe cishe ama-50, futhi lokhu akuyona yonke imiphumela yengozi epulatifomu yamafutha. Abokudoba nabo babhekana nokulahleka okuphawulekayo, njengoba iGulf of Mexico yayiyingxenye eyodwa yesithathu ivaliwe ukubamba. Amafutha aze afinyelele emanzini ezinqolobane ezisogwini, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinyoni ezifudukayo nezinye izilwane.

Sekuyiminyaka emithathu kusukela le nhlekelele, iGulf of Mexico ilulame kancane kancane emonakalweni. Ama-oceanologists aseMelika aqaphelisisa ukuziphatha komkhumbi, kanye nama-coral. Lezi zinsuku zaqala ukukhula futhi zikhule ngesigqi sabo esivamile, esibonisa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Kodwa kwakukhona nokukhuphuka kwamanzi okushisa kule ndawo, okuyinto engathinta kakhulu izakhamuzi eziningi zasolwandle.

Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi imiphumela yengozi izoba nomthelela endleleni yeGulf Stream, echaphazela isimo sezulu. Ngempela, ubusika bamuva eYurophu ikakhulukazi i-frosty, futhi amanzi okwamanje ahla ngezinga elingu-10. Kodwa ukufakazela ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwesimo sezulu kuxhumene nengozi yamafutha, ososayensi abazange baphumelele.