Ekudalweni eNhlangano yeziZwe

UN iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, kuba inhlangano omele kakhulu ngamazwe ukubhekana nezindaba ezisemqoka nezwe ezombangazwe, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha emhlabeni wonke.

Ukudalwa eNhlangano yeziZwe Lwenziwe emva ukunqoba anti-Hitler womanyano phezu eJalimane futhi kuncike kubangane bawo eMpini Yezwe II.

Isinyathelo sokuqala yekwakha inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, okuyinto idwetshwa off umsebenzi zokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe ukuze avimbele ukuvela izimpi ezintsha esikhathini esizayo, kwaba basayine Isivumelwano phakathi eU.SSR naseGreat Britain (12/07/1941). Ngemva kwalokho, izivumelwano ezifanayo kwase sisayinwe nge eCzechoslovakia nePoland.

Nakuba unyaka sendalo eNhlangano yeziZwe - kuyinto 1945, le nqubo yokulungiselela lo mcimbi waqala kudala kakhulu kunalokho. Ngo-August-September 1941, lo mbhalo yadalwa, ndawonye izithakazelo amandla ezintathu - eSoviet Union, iMelika UK. Waba ngesisekelo ngemibono for umfelandawonye emisha anti-undlovukayiphikiswa. Ungene Charter Atlantic yayisekelwe imigomo ejwayelekile, ebekumele abanamathela lizwe ngesikhathi sempi: akukho ziyakhula indawo, ubambe zonke izinguquko emazweni imingcele kuphela ngenkululeko wabantu abahlala kuwo.

January 1, 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, Soviet Ambassador Litvinov futhi Minister of Foreign Affairs China Sun tzu-Wen isiMemezelo seNhlangano eNhlangano yeziZwe. Lo mbhalo wawungukuqhutshekiselwa phambili okunomqondo Atlantic Charter kwavunyelwana ngaphambili.

Ngemva ekunqobeni at kwaseStalingrad futhi eKursk Bulge nezindaba zokuhlala ngemva kwempi eyathinteka. Ukunqoba kwaluqinisa kakhulu igunya eSoviet Union enkundleni yomhlaba. Moscow ashaqe isinyathelo, futhi phambi zamanxusa. Ukudalwa eNhlangano yeziZwe seluqaliwe ngokunembile Union uyasiqonda isidingo ukudala inhlangano bazokwazi silondoloze ukuphepha nokuthula.

Umbuzo yokudala inhlangano enjalo wavuswa engqungqutheleni eMoscow (October 1943). Ngalesi sikhathi idokhumenti sasayinwa, oluphathelene nokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele. "Ukuvezwa Abane Nations," uhlanganiswe ngesisekelo kwesivumelwano mutual lamazwe iqhaza ekwakheni ubudlelwano babo ku isimiso yelinyenti sobunye.

Nokho, Usuku lokwakha UN, wayesalokhu kude-kude. Nakuba isimo neyaziwayo isidingo sokusungula inhlangano ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ethatha isinqumo sokugcina kwathatha eziningana iminyaka engaphezu.

Uhlangothi Soviet ezihlongozwayo ukusungulwa abamele amandla ezintathu ikhomishana sokuthuthukiswa nezindaba ezihlobene ukwamukelwa nomele entsha kwenhlangano. Izinqumo yokutholwa engqungqutheleni eMoscow, yakhethwa waqinisekisa emhlanganweni Stalin, Churchill kanye Roosevelt e Tehran.

Ngo-1944, umphumela impi esepepeneni. Sebenza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisana ne ukudalwa inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, uye kakhulu kwaqina. Hulumende waseMelika uye ehlongozwayo ukubamba inkomfa e-Washington. Amazwe "Big Three" baye benana amamemorandamu kanye iziphakamiso zayo phezu izikhundla eziyisisekelo. Agasti 21, kuvulwa inkomfa.

Ukudalwa eNhlangano yeziZwe isibe Kuxhomeke isikhathi. Amazwe baye basungula kulandela izimiso i-International Organization: 1. sokulingana okuphelele kwawo onke States; 2. Ukwenqatshwa usongo amandla ekuxazululeni izinkinga; 3. ukusebenza nezibopho zabo; 4. Ukunqaba ukusiza amazwe, umuntu okumelwe ahlole ngayo ukuphoqelelwa senzo esithathwayo noma bemvelo zokuvimbela; kungenzeka lusito lweNhlangano yibo bonke States. 6. ukuqinisekisa izenzo nezinye izifundazwe ngokuhambisana nemigomo yeNhlangano Inhlangano.

Izidumbu eyinhloko-UN General Assembly waqala, eNkantolo International Wezobulungiswa, koMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kanye Secretariat.

Ukusungulwa yokugcina eNhlangano yeziZwe izobanjelwa ngo-1945, lapho lenkomfa San Francisco esasayinwa Charter-United Nations (26 Juni).