I-strait, evule uDezhnev. Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich. Umlando wokutholakala kwezwe

Bambalwa abantu abazi igama le-strait, uDezhnev athola. Kancane okungaziwa ngokuphila kwalendoda. Mayelana nokutholakala okuvelele kwendawo ye- navigator yaseRussia isikhathi eside wayengazi lutho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje akukho ulwazi olwanele mayelana nomlando wohambo, okwenziwa uDezhnev Semyon Ivanovich. Lokho okutholwe kulo muntu futhi okubalulekile kuzoxoxwa kulo magazini.

Kusukela ekuphileni kukaSemyon Ivanovich Dezhnev

UDezhnev wazalelwa ku-Veliky Ustyug okuthiwa eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu le-17. Ukusuka lapho waya eSiberia, lapho aqala khona inkonzo eTobolsk, wabe eseseYeniseisk. Ngo-1641, kanye noMnuz Stadukhin, waqhubeka nomkhankaso wokulwa no-Oimyakon.

Iphayona elizayo uSemyon Dezhnev wabamba iqhaza ekusungulweni kwejele laseNizhnekolymsky, okwaba yindawo yokubhekisela kwabahambi baseRussia ababezofuna umfula emfuleni woMfula i-Anadyr. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza izinyathelo eziningana emifuleni Kolyma, Indigirka, Yana, emlonyeni kaLena. Nokho, uDezhnev wayekhanga kakhulu uMfula i-Anadyr. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, kwakukhona amasheya amakhulu ama-walrus, awazisa kakhulu eRussia. Ngo-1647 wafika ekuhambeni kukaF . A. Popov, lapho enza khona umzamo ongaphumeleli wokufinyelela emlonyeni woMfula i-Anadyr futhi ujikeleze u-Chukotka. Abahambi abangu-63 emikhumbi emine bahamba olwandle baya empumalanga. Kodwa-ke, bevinjelwe yizintaba ezinkulu zeqhwa, futhi abahloli bamazwe baphoqeleka ukubuyela emuva.

Ukuqala komkhankaso omusha

Ngemuva komkhankaso wokuqala wehlulekile, kunqunywe ukuba wenze uhambo olusha emlonyeni woMfula i-Anadyr. NgoJuni 30, 1648 ukuhamba ngaphansi komyalo kaSejan Dezhnev ekubunjweni kwabantu abangu-90 abashiye Kolyma. Imikhumbi yahamba eduze kolwandle ngaseceleni kwe-Easter. Uhambo lwalunzima kakhulu. Ngeziphepho zasolwandle, imikhumbi eminingi yeDehnnev yahamba yanyamalala (2 kubo yaphahlazeka e-ice floes, futhi kwamanye ama-2 aqhutshwa ngesikhathi sezulu). USemyon Ivanovich emibhalweni yakhe ukhulume ukuthi yi-kochas kuphela (imikhumbi) eyangena kulokhu. Babehamba uDezhnev, Ankundinov no-Alekseev. Baya e-cape, okuthiwa yi-Chukchi Nose, futhi babona iziqhingi eziningana. Ngakho uDezhnev wavula umda phakathi kwe-Asia neMelika.

Isisekelo sejele lika-Anadyr

I-strait, eyaziwa yiDezhnev, yaxazulula inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yendawo. Kwaba ubufakazi bokuthi iMelika iyizwekazi elizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hambo lwakufakazela ukuthi ukusuka eYurophu kuya eChina kunendlela eya ngasolwandle olusenyakatho oluzungeza iSiberia.

Ngemva kokuba imikhumbi idlule, uDezhnev wavula, bafika e-Anadyr Gulf, base bezungeza iPeninsula ye-Olyutorsky. Umkhumbi wenkambiso, lapho kwakukhona khona abantu abangu-25, waphonswa ogwini. Kusuka lapha abahambi bahamba baya enyakatho. Ekuqaleni kuka-1649, abantu abangu-13 babefike emlonyeni woMfula iAnadyr. Khona-ke uDezhnev nabangane bakhe base bekhuphuka emfuleni base behlala indawo yasebusika lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olosolwandle basungula i-Anadyr jail. Lapha uDevinev waphila iminyaka eyishumi.

Ucwaningo lweDezhnev

Kusukela ngo-1649 kuya ku-1659, uDezhnev wahlola izitsha zomfula i-Anadyr ne-Anyui. Imibiko ngomsebenzi okwenziwe ithunyelwe ku-Yakutsk. Le mibiko ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe nge-strait, eyatholwa uDezhnev ngo-1648, imifula ye-Anadyr no-Anyui, futhi nemidwebo yendawo yasungulwa. Ngo-1652, uSemyon Ivanovich wavula ukudubula lapho kwakukhona khona i-rocky rookery. Emva kwalokho, u-Dezhnev wakwazi ukusetha ukudoba kwalesi silo e-Anadyr Gulf, eyayihola imali enkulu eRussia.

Okunye okulandelayo kwendwendwe

Ngo-1659 uDezhnev wadlulisela ijele lase-Anadyrsky ku-K. Ivanov. Ngemva konyaka, lo mhambi wathuthela eKolyma. Ngo-1661, uSemyon Ivanovich Dezhnev waya eJakutsk, lapho afika kuphela entwasahlobo ka-1662. Ukusuka lapho wathunyelwa eMoscow ukuze akhiphe umnotho ku-tsar. U-Dezhnev wanikezela i-Tsar ngemibiko echaza ukuhamba nokufunda kwakhe. Ngo-1655 uSemyon Ivanovich wanikezwa isikhundla seCossack ataman. Ayikho into eyaziwa ngekusasa lomkhumbi waseRussia.

Ukubaluleka kokutholakala kukaSejan Dezhnev

Ukufaneleka okukhulu komhambi waseRussia kuwukuthi wavula le ndima evela e-Arctic kuya ePacific Ocean. Wachaza le ndlela futhi wahlanganisa umdwebo wakhe oningiliziwe. Naphezu kokuthi amabalazwe akhiwa nguSemyon Ivanovich ayelula kakhulu, futhi ahamba amabanga afushane, ayebaluleke kakhulu. I-strait, eyayiyithola uDehnnev, yaba yinkomba enembile yokuthi i-Asia neMelika ihlukaniswe ulwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo oluholwa nguSemyon Ivanovich lwafika kuqala emlonyeni woMfula i-Anadyr, lapho kutholakala khona imali yokukhishwa kwe-walrus.

Ngo-1736 eYakutsk okokuqala ngqa wathola imibiko ekhohliwe uDezhnev. Kusukela kubo kwaziwa ukuthi umkhumbi waseRussia akazange abone ogwini lwaseMelika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni engu-80 uSemyon Ivanovich engxenyeni engeningizimu ye-Bering, ehamba phambili, yaqinisekisa ukutholakala kukaDezhnev. Ngo-1778 Cook wavakashela le ndawo, owayekwazi kuphela ukuhambela kwekhulu le-18 leminyaka. Nguye owabiza le ndima ngokuthi iBering.