Izenzakalo zika-1589: kwenzekani nokuthi zithinta kanjani iRussia

Unyaka we-1589 wawungavamile ngempela futhi wagcwala imicimbi eminingi yomlando eRashiya. Okokuqala, kwaba phakathi nalesi sikhathi u-patriarchate wasungulwa ensimini yombuso wamanje. Futhi, ukhokho omkhulu waseMpumalanga uJeremiya wavakashela eMoscow ngaphansi kokubusa kukaTsar Feodor Ioannovich. Izalamizi yokuqala kwakunguJobhi, ngaleso sikhathi owayesefinyelele izikhala eziningana ebusweni bebandla. Ngezinceku zeSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, umcimbi onje waba esinye sezigaba eziyinhloko ekwakheni i-Orthodoxy ezizimele.

1589: umcimbi eRussia

Ngo-February 1589, ngesikhathi sokubusa kwendodana ka-Ivan the Terrible, u-patriarchate wadalwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMkhandlu wabaBhishobhi baseRussia, kanye nesinqumo sikaPatriciary waseConstantinople, uJeremiya II, wakhetha ngokukhululekile uMetropolitan uJobe.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube mzuzwana iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussi lalingekho lihlukile futhi lizimele, futhi alinelungelo lokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo. Kwakudingeka alalele i-Patriarchate yaseConstantinople ngokuphelele futhi engaqiniseki. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphe ukubunjwa kokuqala kwe-Orthodoxy yaseRussia njengegatsha elizimele.

NgoFebruwari 1589, isinqumo sezincwadi ze-Orthodox yaseRussia yokuqala sasibanjwe e-Assumption Cathedral yaseKremlin. Kule Charter, ebeka umthetho wokwenza i-patriarchate, kwaphawula ukuthi kwakhiwa iSonto LaseRoma Yesibili. Kwakungenye yezikhungo ezinamandla kunawo wonke kokubili nobukhulu bomhlaba.

Umlando omfushane kaJobe (uJohane)

UJobhi (kubantu bakaJohane) wazalwa eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu le-16 emndenini omncane edolobheni laseS Staritsa. Iningi leminyaka yentsha idlula eStarytsky Dormition Monastery, lapho athola khona imfundo ngesicelo sikayise. Umfana wabonisa ulwazi oluhle emkhakheni womlando nezincwadi. Wayejabulela nokuhlonipha phakathi kontanga ngenxa yenhliziyo yakhe enomusa kanye nekhono lokulalela. Kwakule ndawo yezindela ukuthi wathatha isigqubu sakhe futhi waba igama elisha likaJobe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, uJobe wathola isikhundla se-archimandrite ngokukhuthazela nangempumelelo.

Ngo-1571 kuya ku-1572 wayengumqondisi weSimon Assassption Monastery eMoscow. Futhi kakade ngo-1575 - 1580 - i-Monastery yase-Novospassky. Ngo-1587 waba uMetropolitan waseMoscow. Ngesikhathi i-patriarchate yasungulwa, uJobe wathola isikhundla sokuqala kweProatia Patriarchate eRussia. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, lapho ebizwa ngokuthi u-patriarch, uJobe wabalwela abantu baseRussia, ngokuzimela kwakhe kanye nelungelo lokuzikhethela.

Maphakathi noJuni 1607, uMzalwankulu owaziwayo uJohn wafa wangcwatshwa eMonastery Monastery edolobheni lakubo. Futhi kakade ngo-1652 izimpahla zakhe ezingcwele zahanjiswa eMoscow kuya e-Assumption Cathedral.

Ukukhethwa kuka-patriarch okwamanje

I-1589 eRussia yabonisa inkathi entsha e-Orthodoxy yaseRussia. Ngokomthetho, ka-2000, isithunzi sika-patriarch sinikezwa ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, wonke amalungelo adluliselwa kuMkhandlu Wabashushisi. Ukuphakamisa ukhetho lwakhe kumadabuko kumele kube ngumbhishobhi we-RIC kanye neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Kubuye kubhekane nalokho okuhlangenwe nakho kokulawulwa kwesifundazwe kanye nokutholakala okuphoqelekile kwemfundo yenkolo.

Umlando wabhala ukhetho ekuthunjweni kwenzalamizi ngenkatho, ukuvota ngasese kanye nokukhetha okuvulekile, okungekho okunye.

Inzalamizi iza esitokisini emva komkhosi omkhulu - ukubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ezimweni eziningi, umkhosi onjalo uqhutshwa ngemuva kokhetho lomuntu ozobhalwa ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3.