Bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic? Umlando Weqiniso we-Catastrophe

I-flight yokuqala yokuqala ye-Titanic yayizoba umcimbi oyinhloko ka-1912, kodwa esikhundleni salokho yaba yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu emlandweni. Ukungqubuzana okungenangqondo ne-iceberg, ukukhishwa okungakahleliwe kwabantu, cishe izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane nesishiyagalombili bafa - lokhu kwakuwukuphela kwe-cruise ye-liner.

Umlando womkhumbi

Ukuncintisana kwebhansela kwaba yisikhuthazo sokwakhiwa kweTitanic. Umqondo wokwakha i-liner ungcono kunenkampani yompikiswano, umnikazi we-British shipping inkampani ethi "White Star Line" uBruce Ismay wakhumbula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva komncintiswano wabo oyinhloko, "uCunard Line" ngo-1906, wahamba ngomkhumbi omkhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi "uLusitania".

Ukwakhiwa kwe-liner kwaqala ngo-1909. Abachwepheshe abangaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu basebenze ekudalweni kwayo, kwasetshenziswa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 zamaRandi. Imisebenzi yokugcina yaqedwa ngo-1911, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inzalo elalilinde isikhathi eside ye-liner yenzeke.

Abantu abaningi, abacebile nabampofu, bazama ukuthola ithikithi elifisa le ndege, kodwa akekho osola ukuthi izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela emva kokuhamba ngomphakathi womhlaba zizodingida into eyodwa kuphela - ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic.

Naphezu kokuthi inkampani ethi "White Line Line" yakwazi ukudlula umncintiswano ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, ukufa okulandelayo "kwe-Titanic" kwabhekene necala elibi edumela lenkampani. Ngo-1934, yayithinteka ngokuphelele yiCunard Line.

Uhambo lokuqala lwe-"engabonakali"

Ukuhamba ngokukhululekile komkhumbi wokunethezeka kwaba umcimbi obheke kakhulu ngo-1912. Amathikithi okwenza kube nzima kakhulu, futhi athengiswa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwezindiza ezihleliwe. Kodwa njengoba sekudlule kamuva, labo abatshengisa noma bathengisa amathikithi abo babe nethamsanqa kakhulu, futhi abazisoli ukuthi bangena emkhunjini lapho bezwa ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa eTitanic.

Indiza yokuqala nokugcina ye-liner enkulu yenkampani "i-White Star Line" yamiswa ngo-Ephreli 10, 1912. Ukusuka komkhumbi kwenzeka ngo-12 ngehora lesikhathi sendawo, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezine, ngo-Ephreli 14, 1912, kwenzeka inhlekelele - ukushayisana okungahambi kahle ne-iceberg.

Isibikezelo esibuhlungu sokufa kwe "Titanic"

Indaba elandelanayo mayelana nokuqhuma komkhumbi oLwandle i-Atlantic, kamuva okwaba yisiprofetho, yabhalwa ngumlobi weBrithani uWilliam Thomas Stead ngo-1886. Umlobi wayefuna ukunaka umphakathi ukuthi kunesidingo sokubukeza imithetho yokuhambisa ngokushicilela kwakhe, okungukuthi, wafuna ukuhlinzeka ngenani lezindawo ezikebheni zomkhumbi, ezihambisana nenani labagibeli.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uStead waphindela esihlokweni esifanayo endabeni entsha mayelana nokushona kwemkhumbi e-Atlantic Ocean, okwenzeka ngenxa yokushayisana ne-iceberg. Ukufa kwabantu e-liner kwakungenxa yokuntuleka kwezimoto ezidingekayo.

Lo msebenzi womlobi waba yisiprofetho. Ukukhuphuka komkhumbi omkhulu kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-20 emva kokubhalwa kwayo. Umlobi wezombusazwe, osekulo mzuzu ku-Titanic, akakwazanga ukulondolozwa.

Bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic: ukubunjwa kwabagciniweyo nabasindile

Sekudlulile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 kusukela ekukhunjweni komkhumbi okwakhulunywa ngawo kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye ekuvivinyweni okulandelayo , izimo ezintsha zengozi zichazwe futhi zihlaziywe uhlu lwalabo ababulewe futhi basinda ngenxa yokufa kwe-liner.

Leli tafula lisinika ulwazi oluphelele. Isibalo sabantu abangaki abafa ku-"Titanic" abesifazane nabantwana, iningi likhuluma ngokungahleleki kokuthuthwa. Iphesenti labasindile bezocansi ezidlula phambili lidlula ngisho nenani labantwana abasinda. Ngenxa yokuphahlazeka komkhumbi, abantu abangu-80% babulawa, iningi labo lalingenalo isikhala esanele emabhokisini okuphila. Iphesenti eliphezulu lokufa phakathi kwezingane. Babeningi abameleli bekilasi elingaphansi, ababengenakufika ngesikhathi esiteshini sokuphuma.

Babasindisa kanjani abantu abavela emphakathini ophezulu? Ukubandlululwa kwamakilasi ku-"Titanic"

Ngokushesha lapho kucacile ukuthi ukugcina umkhumbi emanzini akuzange kudlule isikhathi eside, induna ye-Titanic u-Edward John Smith yayala ukuba kufakwe abesifazane nabantwana emaphoyiseni okuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufinyelela emgodini wabagibeli besigaba sesithathu kunqunyelwe. Ngakho, inzuzo yensindiso yanikezwa abamele umphakathi ophakeme.

Inani elikhulu labantu abafile laba yisizathu sokuba iminyaka engu-100 uphenyo nokubhekisana kungakayeki. Yonke inothi lochwepheshe ukuthi ebhodini ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwakukhona ukucwaswa okusekelwe ebulili nasesikoleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lamalungu abasebenzi ababesinda lalikhulu kunabameli besigaba sesithathu. Esikhundleni sokusiza abagibeli ukuba bakhwele izikebhe, bebokuqala ukubalekela.

Ukukhishwa kwabantu kwabantu be-Titanic kwakunjani?

Ukungabikho kahle kokuthuthwa kahle kwabantu kusabhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwabantu abaningi. Iqiniso lokuthi bangaki abantu abafa ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kweTitanic kufakazela ukungabi khona kwanoma yikuphi ukulawula ngale nqubo. Emabhokisini angu-20 angabamba okungenani abantu abangu-1178. Kodwa ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwabo baqala ukungena emanzini agcwele isigamu, hhayi kuphela abesifazane nabantwana, kodwa futhi ngemindeni yonke, ngisho nangezinja ezinzima. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhuphuka kwezikebhe kwakungama-60% kuphela.

Inani eliphelele labagibeli emkhunjini ngaphandle kwalaba bantu abangu-1316, okungukuthi, induna yaba nethuba lokugcina abagibeli abangu-90%. Abantu bekilasi le-III bakwazi ukwenza indlela yabo emgodini kuphela ekupheleni kokuphuma, ngakho-ke ngisho namalungu ezisebenzi ekugcineni asindiswa ngaphezulu. Izincazelo eziningi zezimbangela kanye namaqiniso okuphahlazeka komkhumbi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo yokufa komuntu ku-Titanic ungumphathi we-liner ngokuphelele.

Ukukhunjulwa kofakazi bokuzibonela osizini

Bonke labo abaye bathatha ithikithi lucky kusukela emkhunjini odilikayo baya esikhwameni sokuphumula bathola umbono ongasoze wawukhohlwa kusukela ekuhambeni kokuqala nokugcina kwe-Titanic liner. Amaqiniso, inani lokufa, izimbangela zenhlekelele zatholakala ngenxa yobufakazi bazo. Izinkumbulo zabanye abagibeli abasinda bashicilelwa futhi bazohlala emlandweni kuze kube phakade.

Ngonyaka ka-2009, washona ngokuphila kukaMillvina Dean - owesifazane wokugcina wabasindile "we-Titanic". Ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka komkhumbi, wayenezinyanga ezimbili nengxenye nje kuphela. Ubaba wakhe washona emkhunjini odilikayo, futhi umama wakhe nomfowabo babalekela naye. Futhi nakuba izinkumbulo zalobusuku obunzima owesifazane engapheli enkumbulweni, le nhlekelele yahlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi wayenqabile ukuvakashela indawo yomgwaqo womkhumbi futhi akazange abheke lezi zithombe namafilimu nge-Titanic.

Ngo-2006, enkonzweni yaseNgilandi, eyayinezingqikithi ezingaba ngu-300 ezivela kwi-Titanic, kwafika amamitha angu-47 000 e-Ellen Churchill Candy, owayengomunye wabagibeli bezindiza ezinzima.

Imibukiso eshicilelwe yenye isiNgisi, u-Elizabeth Schuts, yasiza ekuboniseni isithombe sangempela sengozi eyenzekayo. Wayengumqhubi womunye wabagibeli besigaba sokuqala. Emibhalweni yakhe, u-Elizabeth wabonisa ukuthi kwakunabantu abangu-36 kuphela esikebheni sokuphila esasuswa kuso, okungukuthi, ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yezihlalo ezikhona.

Izimbangela ezingaqondile zokupheka umkhumbi

Kuzo yonke imithombo yolwazi mayelana ne-Titanic, imbangela enkulu yokufa kwakhe ukushayisana ne-iceberg. Kodwa njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, lo mcimbi wawuhambisana nezimo eziningana ezingaqondile.

Phakathi nokufunda izimbangela zengozi, ingxenye yegobolondo lomkhumbi yaphakanyiswa kusukela phansi olwandle. Kwakuhlolwe ucezu lwensimbi, futhi ososayensi bafakazela ukuthi insimbi esakhiwe kuyo i-liner yayiyikhwalithi embi. Lokhu kwasebenza njengesinye isimo se-crash kanye nesizathu sokuthi bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic.

Ubuso obushelelezi obungamanzi abuzange buvumele ukuthi i-iceberg itholakale ngesikhathi. Ngisho nomoya omncane wawuyoba okwanele ukwenza amagagasi abetha phezu kweqhwa, ukuwabona ngaphambi kokushayisana kwenzeka.

Umsebenzi ongathandeki we-opharetha womsakazo, ongazange azise umphathi wesikhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi mayelana nokuqhuma kweqhwa elwandle, isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba, esingavumele ukushintsha okusheshayo emkhunjini, zonke lezi zinto zihlangene nezenzakalo ezimbi ku-Titanic.

Ukufa kwe- "Titanic" - umkhumbi owonakele kakhulu wekhulu lama-20

Indaba ephenduke ubuhlungu nokwesaba - ngakho ungabala uhambo lokuqala nolokugcina lwe-Titanic liner. Indaba yangempela yale nhlekelele ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyikhulu iyindaba yokuphikisana nokuphenywa. Ukufa kwabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesigamu abanezikebhe zokuphila ezingapheli namanje akunakwenzeka. Njalo ngonyaka, zonke izimbangela ezintsha zokupheka umkhumbi zibizwa, kepha akekho ozokwazi ukubuyisela izimpilo zabantu ezilahlekile.