I ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Izindlela kwesicelo kanye Kumkhakha wemanti

Amanzi - omunye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Ngaphandle ayenzi iyiphi eziphilayo, eqinisweni, ngenxa-ke basuke kokuba eplanethini yethu. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ahlukahlukene, abantu kudle 30 kuya 5000 cubic metres amanzi ngonyaka. Iyiphi inzuzo akhishwa ke? Iziphi izindlela wokwenza nokusebenzisa amanzi lapho?

Kuyinto asizombelezileko

Amanzi - ketshezi ezivamile emhlabeni, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube sekugcineni emkhathini. Kuye ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo, kuba eqinile zasolwandle elithambile, brackish futhi fresh, kulula, kuyasindza kanye super-esindayo.

Lokhu oxide hydrogen - kwakwakhe wezinto ezingaphili, uketshezi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ayinakho iphunga noma ukunambitheka. Nge ukushuba encane ungqimba ketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle ngokwanda yayo angakuthola futhi shades bluish oluhlaza.

Ukhuthaza ukusabela eziningi zamakhemikhali, kuyashesha kubo. Ngo amanzi umzimba womuntu cishe 70%. Nakuba kumaseli kuzo zonke izilwane nokuxuba izitshalo ezithile, kuthuthukisa umzimba, thermoregulation, kanye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.

Esikhathini uthi ezintathu kuba asizombelezileko, ngekubamba lichaza umjikelezo we ndaba ngokwemvelo. Ngesimo umhwamuko likhona emoyeni. Kule hits kobuso Umhlaba ngesimo kwezulu (ice, inkungu, imvula, isithwathwa, iqhwa, amazolo nokunye okunjalo. D.). It iwela nemifula nasolwandle kusukela phezulu, lapho engena enhlabathini. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukuhwamuka ebusweni, futhi falling emkhathini futhi ukuvala umbuthano.

Isisetshenziswa main Zomhlaba

Zonke ebusweni kanye emhlabathini amanzi iplanethi yethu, kuhlanganise umusi asemkhathini bamunye nomqondo hydrosphere, noma ibhantshi amanzi. ivolumu Its cubic amakhilomitha angaba izigidi ezingu-1.4.

Mayelana 71% livela izilwandle - emgodleni okuqhubekayo ozungezayo ezweni lonke eMhlabeni. It luhlukaniswe nePacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, South (ngokusho kwabanye ngeengaba) olwandle, nasemachibini, amatheku, sisebunzimeni, nokunye. D. Oceans igcwalisa amanzi usawoti engafanele ukuphuza.

Zonke amanzi okuphuza (fresh) kuyinto kulelilizwe. Kuyinto% 2.5-3 kuphela umthamo isamba hydrosphere. Lokhu kwakunikeza abantu amanzi ahlanzekile: imifula, abanye amachibi, imifula, izinguzunga zeqhwa ezintabeni zeqhwa, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Basuke basakaza Ukuboshelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba zikhona ezindaweni ezinesomiso kakhulu futhi ehlane ezingenziwanga bazithela amakhulu eminyaka.

Iningi amanzi ahlanzekile e izinguzunga zeqhwa. Bona ukugcina mayelana 80-90% zigcine ezweni lo mthombo wosizo. Izinguzunga zamaqhwa zimboza ingxenye 16 million amakhilomitha square komhlaba, ukuthi akuphi ku ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi eziqongweni eziphakeme.

UMthombo wokuphila

Amanzi ukuvela eMhlabeni izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule, kungakhathaliseki adedelwa inkambo zamakhemikhali, noma kufika lapha njengengxenye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye asteroyidi. Njengoba iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu.

Nabantu kanye nezilwane ukuwaphuza, ncela isitshalo izimpande (noma kweminye imizimba) elithile ukuze silondoloze amandla namandla. Ingxenye enkulu uketshezi enikeziwe emzimbeni kanye nokudla.

Ngokuvamile, abantu kudingeka 5-10 amalitha amanzi ngosuku, futhi njengoba uketshezi - mayelana ezimbili. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo Ungayisebenzisa ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, imvubu baphuze mayelana 300 amalitha ngosuku, mayelana esilinganayo ezidingekayo futhi zikagamthilini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi akuyona ngokwemvelo kungagcini baphuze. Kwaphela eziphilayo, kuba indawo ezihlala kuyo. Esikhathini emifuleni nasolwandle sikhule ulwelwe, inhlanzi bukhoma, plankton, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, eyisinambuzane, abanye ezincelisayo nezinye izidalwa.

Izindlela Yokusebenzisa Amanzi

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kungekho usuku kuqedile ngaphandle kwamanzi. It ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa izinqolobane fresh, inani elinganiselwe kakhulu. izindodla izinsiza esetshenziswa ekhaya ngesikhathi indlu, ukuwasha izingubo, yokugeza izitsha, ukupheka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi luyadingeka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Ngenxa yale njongo, isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekhaya kodwa futhi kuzo zonke izikhungo ezisebenza, ikakhulukazi ezibhedlela. Kwezokwelapha, ibuye kudliwe ngokuba amabhati zokwelapha, licindezele, esesula ukungezwa ukubunjwa ngamalungiselelo.

Nanguya Irreplaceable kanye nezimboni. Lapha iza Ukugunda eziningi izakhiwo zalo Ukuqedwa izinto ezihlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi olunye uketshezi, amagesi noma usawoti. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza oxide, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, lezisekelo zalo, utshwala, i-ammonia, nokunye. D. Minyaka yonke ahlanzekile amachibi amanzi nemifula kuhoxiswa amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-1,000 angama-cubic kilometer izinto zokusetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezimbonini.

Ukusentshenziswa kwamanzi lihlotshaniswa ezemidlalo ezifana sibalo ukushushuluza, hockey, ukubhukuda, Biathlon, Canoeing, ukuntweza phezu kwamagagasi, amanzi-motor nemidlalo. Kubalulekile izicishamlilo nezolimo.

energetics

Esinye isici esibangela isicelo amanzi - amandla. Ngo ezishisayo izitshalo amandla amanzi usetshenziselwa ukupholisa samanzi kanye nokukhiqiza umusi. Kuphela ukukhiqiza eyodwa gigawatt kagesi izitshalo amandla ezishisayo kudle kusuka 30 kuya 40 amamitha intilibathwa yamanzi ngomzuzwana.

Isicelo amanzi iziteshi emifula amandla kwamanye izimiso. Lapha, ugesi eyenziwe ukugeleza rate of imifula. Zokusebenzela efakwe ezindaweni zemvelo ingakwesokunene. Lapho umfula akuyona njengoba okusheshayo, izinguquko ekuphakameni wadala eyayenziwe ngosizo kwamadamu.

Ngo eChina, eNdiya, USA, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe kute kukhicitwe emandla usebenzisa amandla namagagasi. Iziteshi okunjalo (PES) esakhiwe eduze kolwandle, lapho izinga lamanzi lishintshwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ngaphansi isenzo gravity iphoqa langa nenyanga.

amagagasi Sea ingase futhi lunikeze amandla. Anamandla ukuminyana idlula umoya futhi isimo. Zokusebenzela, odala energy ngale ndlela kuze kube kancane. Eyokuqala uvele 2008 ePortugal, kufeza mayelana 1 500 izindlu. Namanje okungenani eyodwa esiteshini e-UK ukuze Orkney.

ezolimo

Ukulima awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. It is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ukunisela, kanye nokulethwa zezinyoni nezilwane. ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuphela zizalela izinkomo kungase kudingeke 600 cubic metres yamanzi. On irayisi ukutshalwa kuthatha isilinganiso 2400 wamalitha amagilebhisi - kwamalitha angu 600, futhi amazambane - 200 wamalitha.

Ingxenye amanzi ukunisela lamasimu emasimini izakhekele ngesimo kwezulu. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-UK, kwakha ingxenye enkulu yamanzi.

Lapho isimo sezulu eyomile ngaphezulu, ukusiza ngenkasa izinhlelo. Bavele EMesophothamiya eGibhithe lasendulo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi aye athuthuka, kodwa awalulahlanga ukuqondana abo. Irrigation isetshenziswa e-Asia, eNingizimu Melika naseYurophu. Ezindaweni entabeni kuba masimu izindawo flat - kukazamcolo.

Resource sokuzilibazisa

Omunye izicelo oyithokozela kakhulu amanzi ukudliwa ngabantu - emkhakheni lokuzilibazisa. Umonakalo kusuka ukusetshenziswa umthombo ezinjalo kuba ephansi kakhulu kunalokho kwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi bavame ukuya endaweni fresh, okuwukuthi, machibi zasolwandle.

Izilwandle nakho izilwandle lalikhona ebhishi-egeza iholide. ERussia, ukuthandwa Black futhi Azov iziLwandle. amadamu amaningi inikeza ithuba sokuthuthukiswa amanzi ezemidlalo, yesikebhe nezikebhe kanye nokudoba.

Izifunda amanzi amaminerali ukuheha hhayi labo abafisa ukwenza uphumule kodwa futhi ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo kuphela. Ngokuvamile, ezindaweni ezifana zitholakala spa zokungcebeleka kanye sanatoriums. Amaminerali amanzi ayegcwele nosawoti ahlukahlukene kanye izakhi trace, isib, isibabule, magnesium, i-calcium kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. Kuye Ukwakheka, zingase zenze izitho zomzimba ezahlukene zomzimba womuntu, ngcono ukusebenza kwabo.