Ibhetri lithium-ion: ukuthi ungakhokhisa kanjani okokuqala. Ibhethri ye-lithiamu-ion: indlela yokukhokha kahle, izinhlobo nezincomo

Indoda yanamuhla ayikwazi ukucabanga impilo yakhe ngaphandle kwefoni, tablet, laptop, drill portable, screwdriver, flashlight namanye amadivaysi angasebenza kusuka egridi yamandla noma ebhethri. Ngokuvamile, amadivaysi anjalo asebenzisa imithombo yamandla i-lithium-ion.

Abaningi bazobuza ukuthi kungani lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla luvame ukusetshenziswa emishini kagesi. Impendulo ilula futhi ecacile - amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezilinganiso ezincane, futhi banomsebenzi wesikhathi eside wesikhathi eside - kusukela ku-300 kuya ku-2000 imijikelezo yokukhishwa kwemali. Ngokuqinisekile ngoba kukhona imithombo eminingi yamandla alolu hlobo oluseduze kwethu, wonke umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi angashaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Iyini ibhethri ye-Li-ion

Naphezu kokuba umuntu ngamunye ahlangabezane nomthombo onjalo wamandla, akubona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lwebhethri nokuthi luhlelwe kanjani. Inketho elula kakhulu futhi evamile iyinhlangano yamandla kagesi i-lithium-ion yamafoni weselula. Unayo lo mklamo: phezulu ungumlawuli wokulawula ukukhishwa kwenkokhelo, futhi ngezansi kwebhethri (ibhange).

Ezingamaphesenti angu-99% zamabhethri, umakhalekhukhwini owodwa kuphela usetshenzisiwe, ochwepheshe emgodini wawo bavame ukukubiza ngokuthi imbiza. Amandla we-voltage okukhulunywa ngawo kulezi zinkampani ziyi-3.7 volts.

Idivayisi nayo inezilawuli ezikhethekile (ibhodi elivamile elinomkhamikhali we-microcircuit), ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukukhishwa kwebhethri okungekho. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizi, ohlangothini lwawo, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwakungekho izimo ezingavamile ezizoholela ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo komthombo wamandla.

Indlela yokukhokhisa okokuqala

Abantu abaningi bakhumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu wathi ibhethri entsha kufanele ihanjiswe ngokugcwele, bese ukhokhiswa ngokugcwele, futhi wenze izikhathi ezintathu. Inqubo enjalo yokushaja kokuqala impela, empeleni iyadingeka, kodwa ngamabhethri e-Ni-Cd ne-Ni-MH. Amabhethri anjalo afakwa kumafoni asendulo, okwamanje ayengakhulumi.

Indlela yokushayela kahle ibhethri ye-lithium-ion okokuqala, hhayi wonke umuntu owaziyo, futhi uqala ukwenza inqubo yokukhishwa okuphelele. Amabhethri alolu hlobo ahlelwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele, futhi inqubo yokukhukhula okujulile ibabhubhisa kakhulu kabi. Yingakho amadivaysi anjalo athengiswa ngenkokhelo ye-2/3 yomthamo, hhayi ukuthi umuntu ahlole ifoni noma enye idivayisi.

Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile abathengi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ukukhumbula izikhathi zakudala, ukuqala ukuyikhulula ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela cishe masisuse isigamu sokuphila kwabo kubo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela futhi ungavumeli amaphutha avamile aholela ekuqhekekeni kwebhethri.

Ungayishayela kanjani kahle ibhethri ye-lithium-ion?

Isimo sokusebenza esiphezulu kakhulu sokuhlinzeka ngamandla kagesi eLion ijwayelekile izinga lokukhokhela ezingeni lika-20-80%. Lawa madivayisi awakuthandi ukulayishwa kabusha, futhi nakuba kukhona umlawuli okhethekile ebhethri angeke avumele lokhu, kodwa kunabanye abathengi abagcina ibhethri likhokhelwa amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Akusizi ngalutho ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke unganweli idivaysi, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho.

Ibhethri ye-Li-ion 18650

Leli bhethri linomumo we-cylindrical futhi libukeka ngokuphelele njengebhethri evamile. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abakhiqizi abangenangqondo, ngazo zonke izindlela bezama ukwandisa ukuthengisa, baqale ukukhombisa ukusebenza okwenziwe kahle. Kuze kube manje, akusekho uhlobo olubanzi lwe-Li-ion yebhethri uhlobo 18650 kunama-3400 mAh. Uma isici samandla sibonisa isibalo esikhulu kunalokhu, kufanele siqonde ukuthi umkhiqizi unqabile ngokweqile izici zomkhiqizo wakhe. Kulesi simo kukhona amathuba okuba ukuthi empeleni ibhethri ngeke ibe ngaphezu kuka-2200 mAh.

Indlela yokushaja ibhethri ye-Li-ion 18650

Ungashaja amabhethri anjalo kuphela ngosizo lwejaja elikhethekile, elidayiswa cishe noma yisiphi isitolo esinempahla kagesi. Ukushaja amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kuyadingeka ishaja, lapho umthamo omncane ungaphansi kwe-2.2 V, futhi umthamo ophezulu awukho ngaphezu kuka-4.35. Ukukhishwa kwamanje akumele kube mkhulu kunekhwalithi kabili yebhethri. Okusho ukuthi, uma ibhethri ine-2000 mAh, khona-ke okwamanje kushaja akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka 4000 mAh.

Yini engozini ukukhipha nokukhulelwa okujulile?

Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abazi ukuthi bangashaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, bavame ukwenza amaphutha futhi bangachitha isikhathi eside kakhulu ekushaja noma, ngokuphambene, bakhohlwe ngakho isikhathi eside. Yini eyingozi ekusebenzeni kwebhethri okungalungile? Into ewukuthi kuleli cala i-lithium ions isuka kwenye i-electrode iya kwenye. Izinto zokwenza ama-electrodes ngokwazo zingahluka, kepha kule ndaba siyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Kulula nje, lapho ibhethri ekhokhiswa ngaphezulu, i-i-lithium ions engaphezu kwe-electrode. Uma inani labo lihlala liphakeme, ngakho-ke kulolu cala, idivayisi iphuma ngokushesha kakhulu.

Indlela yokushaja amabhethri

Amabhethri e-Li-ion athandwa kakhulu futhi ngoba kunezinketho eziningi ongakhetha kuzo.

Indlela enengqondo kakhulu futhi enembile yokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ishaja ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yedivayisi ekhethekile, ibhethri izothola inkokhelo esiphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphephile ngokuphelele ibhethri.

Labo abangakwazi ukushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, uma bekungekho ishaja ejwayelekile eseduze, sikukwazisa ukuthi ingenziwa ngekhompyutha nekhebula le-USB. Noma kunjalo, kulokhu, okwamanje kuzofinyelela ku-0.5 ampere kuphela.

Kungenzeka futhi ukushaja ibhethri ye-Li-ion nge-cigarette ekukhanyeni emotweni. Kuze kube manje, izitolo eziningi zithengisa i-adapters ekhethekile ye-USB, enikeza okwamanje okuhlukile. Indlela yokushaja amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kungcono ukuthola emadokhumenti anikezwa ifoni, i-laptop noma enye idivayisi. Iningi lamabhethri likhokhiswa kusuka ku-3.7 kuya ku-19 volts. Noma kunjalo, kunamamodeli ebhethri adinga amandla amaningi noma angaphansi. Kunoma yikuphi, ungathathi izingozi, kodwa kungcono ukubuka imiyalelo yokusebenza futhi.

Uma engekho izindlela zangaphambilini zokushaja ezingafaneleki, ungasebenzisa idala, kodwa lifanele, futhi kuze kube yilolu divayisi, okuthiwa "i-frog" ngabantu. Amadivayisi anjalo ahloselwe amabhethri avela kumafoni weselula. Idizayini ye "frog" ilula: kukhona idokodo elilodwa, lapho ibhethri ye-lithium-ion efakwe khona, kanye noxhumana nabo abashintshayo ngobubanzi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu okukhokhwayo kuzokwenzela cishe noma iyiphi ibhethri yalolu hlobo.

Njengoba ungabona, kunezindlela eziningi zokushaja ibhethri. Kodwa ngaphambi kokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi awukwazi ngempela ukushaja okuvamile. Izindlela ezisele zisetshenziswa uma kunesidingo. Abalimazi ibhethri, kodwa namanje ukushaja kwasekuqaleni kufanele kube kuqala lapho kuqhathaniswa nabanye.

Uma umuntu engakwazi ukukhokhisa ibhethri ye-lithium-ion screwdriver, sizokukwazisa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokushaja okukhethekile okuza nedivayisi. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uma ukushaja kwehluleka, futhi awukwazi ukuthenga okusha, isibonelo, lesi simodeli asisetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke kulokhu, ungaxhuma amabhethri angu-18650 futhi uwafake ebhokisini ngokushaja kwasekuqaleni. Ngakanani udinga uhlobo lwebhethri 18650, awukwazi ukusho, konke kuxhomeke emotweni we-screwdriver.

Ukulinganisa

Cishe kanye njalo emva kwezinyanga ezintathu, udinga ukulinganiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ugcwalise ngokuphelele ibhethri. Kulokhu, umlawuli webhethri angazimela ngokuzimela imingcele yokukhokhwa okugcwele nokukhishwa kwedivayisi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubonise ulwazi langempela mayelana nokushaja kwalo kudivayisi lapho ibhethri ye-Li-ion efakwe khona. Uma ibhethri ingakhululwa ngokuphelele isikhathi eside, ulwazi olungalungile ngecala lephesenti lebhethri lingaboniswa.

Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri ikhishwe ngokuphelele, kufanele ihlawuliswe ngokuphelele ku-100% uma idivayisi ivaliwe. Bheka isikhathi sokushaja ibhethri emiyalweni. Uma ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi uvula idivayisi futhi icala libonisa ngaphansi kwezingu-100%, khona-ke kufanele uyikhiphe futhi uqhubeke ushaja kuze kube yilapho kutholakala izinga lokushaja.

Isitoreji

Uma ungahle uhlele ukusebenzisa ibhethri isikhathi eside, kufanele uqaphele ngokukhethekile ukuthi kufanele ugcinwe kanjani. Ukukhokhwa okungcono kunama-30-60% omthamo. Ibhethri kufanele ibe ekamelweni elipholile, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlala lilinganiselwa ku-15 degrees. Uma ibhethri igcinwa esimweni esiphelele ngokugcwele, ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uyivula khona uyothola ukuthi amandla ayo anciphile kakhulu.

Uma idivayisi ishiywe ngokuphelele, kubi nakakhulu. Ngokwezinga eliphakeme lokungenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuzodingeka lihanjiswe ukuze livuselelwe kabusha. Amabhethri okuthiwa i-lithium-ion avunyelwe ukugcina isikhathi eside ekukhuleni okujulile.

I-superheat yangaphandle

Esinye isitha esibi samabhethri e-Li-ion ukushisa okuphezulu, okuyinto abahlukumezayo. Umnikazi walolu hlobo lwebhethri akufanele avunyelwe ukushaya ilanga, ungafaki ukushisa eduze kwebhethri noma eminye imithombo yemisebe. Ukushisa okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri kunama-+50 degrees. Uma sikhathalela umbuso wokushisa, mhlawumbe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ibhethri entsha izophendulela ibe yinto ewonakele.

Isiphetho

Manje uyazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukushaja amabhethri e-lithium-ion nokuthi angenziwa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Ukufingqa konke okushiwo ngenhla, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amaphuzu amakhulu anjalo:

1. Uma kungenzeka, ibhethri kufanele ihlale ikhokhiswa ngamashaja okuqala.
2. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukukhokhisa amabhethri kuze kube ngu-80%, ngenkathi ungaphansi kwezinga lokukhishwa ngaphansi kwe-20%.
3. Ungagcini ibhethri njalo kushaja, futhi ukukhishwa okuphelele akuphakanyisiwe.

Uma imithetho eminingi elula ibonakala, ibhethri ye-Li-ion ingahlala isikhathi eside, kuyilapho amandla amakhulu ehlala ephezulu.