Uyini eside phakathi kwezakhi zolimi? amagama phakathi kwezakhi zolimi

Lesi sihloko sichaza nemiqondo eyisisekelo, esisebenza ngezinga lolimi English. Amagama baphiwa abantu igunya isiqu sokuqala. Okokuqala inikeza amalungu kanye struture jikelele echazwe isihlobo endinganisweni kwemagama emshweni. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi nepovestvovatelnye ukwakhiwa ( 'irrealis uhlale'), ezifana ematfuba umbuzo ( 'isimo interrogative'), izicelo nemiyalo ( 'isimo lephocako'), imisho okunemibandela ( 'imisho okunemibandela'), ngokuvamile ukwakheka lomusho . Lapho kombhala isilandiso (noma ingxenye isilandiso) iba phambili isihloko. Futhi amanye amalungu ezincane angaya kwasekuqaleni ngokuthatha phezu rematicheskoy indima. Lokhu akusebenzi izincazelo, njengoba akuncikile yimiphi umusho, kodwa ngokuqondile amabizo.

Isigaba somthetho, elula futhi esiyinhlanganisela (isisekelo kolimi, elula futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi umusho)

Modern-syntax IsiZulu okulingana Russian, nakuba has amaphuzu ezivamile. Iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo bendabuko kuboniswa imiqondo efanayo ezimweni ezingokoqobo kungenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho, thina selisho kafushane imigomo lolimi English ngaphandle isikhonkwane kanzima Russian ngezigaba uhlelo.

'Umusho' - ukunikela iqoqo lamagama equkethe umqondo kuqhathaniswa ephelele.

'Rhema' - iNsalela, ingxenye okuqhamile, eklanyelwe lokuveza ulwazi eliyingqayizivele futhi ngokuyinhloko kubaluleke kangakanani-ke, ngenxa yalokho umyalezo kwamenyezelwa (nobe lobhalwako).

'Theme' - the yokwenziwa ingxenye, silokhu sikhonza njengamaphayona esikhathi uzimele equkethe theorem kanye owaziwa noma musa kuthinte okushiwo umniningwane mcimbi.

'Isigaba' - ingxenye umusho eliqukethe isenzo ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi ngesisekelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

'Umusho Composite' - isiphakamiso eziyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe 'lekhontile' amaningana ( «izisekelo lwetakhi telulwimi"), ukusatshalaliswa phezulu uhlukaniswe:

• amadili nge izingxenye nezilandiso - 'Compound imisho' (slozhnosochinennye);
• sikhuluma ngokuhoxiswa amayunithi engaphansi okhonzile - 'imisho Complex' (Compound).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi ukutholakala amalungu yesibili, kukhona eside phakathi kwezakhi zolimi ezifana 'umusho non-enwetshiwe' (ibhidi Okungabonakali) kanye 'umusho enwetshiwe' (ezivamile).

Amalungu imisho non-enwetshiwe (amalungu Non-Proliferation lakala)

'Umusho Non-enwetshiwe' - isiphakamiso Okungabonakali iqukethe kuphela imigomo esemqoka ye sipho: isihloko kanye / noma isilandiso.

'Isilandiso' - sento, igama elithi lwetakhi telulwimi ngoba isenzo efanele ngayo yonke uphiko lwayo amayunithi - 'isilandiso elula' (elula) ukuze isilandiso Multiple - 'isilandiso eziyinkimbinkimbi' (eziyinkimbinkimbi).

'Isilandiso Verbal' - a isilandiso kwakwakhe ehlanganisa tento eziningana.

'Inkulumo yekwenta' - engxenyeni ngokulinganisa of isilandiso okuzisholo, ngokuvamile njengamaphesenti ibizo noma isabizwana.

'Isihloko' - kuncike - elithi lwetakhi telulwimi lisetshenziswa ekubhekiseleni kuyo i-agumenti main ( 'ingxabano') isilandiso singawathola cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yokukhuluma noma ibinzana. Kuleli qhaza lethu angase athathe isinyathelo 'isigatshana'. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngesiNgisi kufanele ukwethula isiphakamiso okungenani ngesimo esisemthethweni 'It', kodwa umkhuba ngokuvamile ivinjelwe.

Amalungu imisho enwetshiwe (amalungu isiphakamiso esivamile)

'Umusho enwetshiwe' - ukusabalala ibhidi yakhiwa ngaphandle isihloko kanye / noma umenziwa amalungu yesibili njenge, isibonelo, ngaphezu, futhi ekunqumeni isici.

'Into' - kwalokho. Ngaphezu Direct ( 'into eqondile) kuhlobene sento wathi phezu kwabo / okungaphezulu kophawu noma lapho isenzo wenziwa.

'Tandziso' ( 'adjunct') - simo. Ngomqondo obanzi, ichaza imininingwane isimo izenzakalo, ezifana isikhathi, indawo, isizathu obulandela izimo isikhashana kwenzeke nemiphumela.

'Mnikeni' - .. Ukunqunywa, okuyinto uthola isikhundla salo umbhalo, kungakhathaliseki uhlaka, ie yayo endaweni ikakhulukazi wabizela izwi, hhayi standard-oda imigomo emshweni.

'Wh-mazwi' - umbuzo amagama noma amagama asetshenziswe ukukhiqiza nezindaba akhethekile izakhiwo efanayo.

Modal amazwi futhi Wh-mazwi

'Amazwi Modal' - eyisibonelo (ukuvulwa) elithi (hhayi kudidaniswe simokwenta).

'Wh-mazwi' futhi 'amazwi Modal' ngokuvamile kubhekwa eceleni, ngaphandle ecacisa indlela umusho.

Kafushane lapha ngezansi ku Amathebula lolimi. Enye ingxenye (phezulu) edidiyelwe umusho, enye (engezansi) - izingxenye yokukhuluma.

Izingxenye speach (titfo tenkhulumo)

Grammar of izwi kusho iqoqo imithetho imisebenzi morfemoobrazovaniya nokucubungula nenqubo lapho amazwi ichazwe isigaba esithile. Izingxenye speach - izigaba zamagama, avame kuveta ezithile imiqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, tiphawulo ukhombise uphawu lezinto kanye izenzakalo, netabito zisetshenziselwa ngokungaqondile ubheke kwezinye izingxenye zenkulumo. Yaba evulekile ( 'evulekile') futhi avaliwe ( 'ivaliwe') iqembu titfo tenkhulumo.

Vula amaqembu (iqembu evulekile)

'Vula amaqembu' - elithi lwetakhi telulwimi iqembu njalo agcwaliswa. Sekusetshenziswa amagama amasha avele ngokungeza ticalo netijobelelo, by kwengezwa izimpande lemfundo zivela kwezinye izingxenye ze inkulumo, eboleka kwezinye izilimi, ukuvela kwamagama amasha namagama, kanye kwavela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokolimi emazwini ekhona ukuguga.

'Amabizo' - emabito, ezwakalisa into noma mkhuba, futhi ube ntshashintshe yokuzibusa ngaphandle okuvame ukuba amagama efanele, ngaphandle ukuthi izici ukusetshenziswa izihloko futhi ukuhambisana nemithetho akuphazamisi-syntax yabo.

'Tento' - tento. Ebhekisela isenzo njengoba iBombela isilandiso singakwazi ukubona eside lwetakhi telulwimi 'Isenzo main' (okusho isenzo), tento aseleko agodliwe futhi baxoxela ngaphezulu eqenjini evaliwe: 'Isenzo eyisibonelo' (isenzo lutho nge incazelo inguquko) kanye 'Isenzo auxuliary' ( isenzo asizayo) lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isikhathi enamazinyo, indlu namakhadi izakhiwo ongaphansi, kanye ezihlukahlukene 'tento' - 'isixhumanisi isenzo' (isixhumanisi nesento), lusetshenziswa ngamazwi ukalwe (ngokulinganisa) nokuka-isilandiso. Lapho 'isixhumanisi isenzo' yilona isenzo kuphela ngesisekelo kolimi, kubhekwa main, 'Isenzo main'.

amafomu Verb:

- 'ifomu eyisisekelo', ifomu eyisisekelo (noma "ngaphandle kwekusebentisa 'ukuze'», 'kwekusebentisa angenalutho '), noma nje uhlobo nesenzo usenkathini yamanje engaqinisekile;

- 'kwekusebentisa' (kwekusebentisa);

- '-s'-ifomu, okuyinto kudliwe lokhu kuze kube nini nanini umuntu wesithathu elisebunyeni;

- esikhathini esidlule esingaziwa Active - uhlobo ukuthi isenzo kuthatha isikhathi indeterminate esikhathini esidlule (tento njalo yakha isivuno salo ophela 'ed', nokungalungile kungabonwa kukholomu etafuleni tento okungajwayelekile lesibili);

- 'esithi mina' noma 'samanje esithi' - samanje esithi, isenzo kokuba yefomu Ukuvalwa ne ukwengeza lehamba ngamitsatfu sib;

- 'esithi II' noma 'esithi esidlule' - esithi esidlule, olubheka ngoba tento njalo Ukuvalwa nokungeza 'ed', futhi ngenxa ayilungile - kukhalamu yesithathu etafuleni tento okungajwayelekile;

- 'gerund' - gerund, elihlanganisa property libito nangezenzo.

'Umlandzi' - tiphawulo baveze inkomba Ibizo angase abe ingxenye isihloko nesilandiso noma isinqumo sakhe.

'Tandziso' - tandziso ngokuvamile badalule isenzo, kodwa futhi lingasho isiphakamiso iyonke, ngokuvamile bakha umnyombo izimo.

amaqembu avaliwe (iqembu ivaliwe)

'Amaqembu Kuvaliwe' - amaqembu titfo tenkhulumo, inani amayunithi lapho, njengoba umthetho, uhlala njalo okufanayo. Njengoba okuhlukile ezingavamile, morpheme entsha kwakhiwa amaqembu njengoba evulekile ngezithukuthuku sesimanje amazwi ekhona, uma uhlelo lolimi ibuyekeziwe futhi nesimanje.

'Abito' - izabizwana.

'Bondzaweni Lizinga lemisho' - tandziso.

'Conjunctives' - Izinyunyana.

'Determiners' - amazwi sekukhomba. Ihlukaniswe yaba 'izinhlayiya' - izinhlayiya, kanye 'izihloko' - izihloko.

'Utibone' - utibone.