Idome yesonto: igama kanye nencazelo. Ngumuphi umbala okufanele i-dome yesonto ibe khona?

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu badinga indawo enjalo engavamile engabalondoloza ekuhluphekeni nasezinkingeni. Wonke umuntu kwakudingeka azi ukuthi unendawo ethile yokuya kuyo. Isonto yindawo lapho abantu bezizwa bephephile. Bangabelana naye izimfihlo eziseduze kakhulu, "bakhulume noNkulunkulu", bamtshele ngezono zabo, futhi benethemba lokuthi uzobaxolela.

Ukubaluleka kwesonto empilweni yabantu

Isizwe ngasinye sinokholo oluthile, kodwa ngokujwayelekile bonke abantu bahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: labo abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nalabo abangaqapheli ukuthi ukhona. Iqembu lokuqala lalihlale linethuba lokuvakashela isakhiwo senkolo - isonto. Lapho, ethempelini elingcwele, umuntu wathola ukuthula futhi waphenduka ezonweni ezinkulu, wafuna ukuthethelelwa nokuzijabulisa, uzwela nokufudumala ngaphakathi kwendonga yesakhiwo wayithola. Isakhiwo ngasinye, njengombuso, sine-dome, isonto linikeza ukubukeka ngokuphawulekayo. Yenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezikhanya kakhulu elangeni futhi ziheha bonke abahambi. Indalo ephawulekayo yabadwebi yanikeza isonto elingcwele incazelo yokumlingo nokuthinta imilingo. Ngakho-ke, zonke ukuzulazula, ukhathele noma ukulahlekelwa emgwaqweni kungaba ukuvakashela isonto futhi uthole usizo, ukufudumala noNkulunkulu.

Le dome lavela kanjani?

Idome yesonto ukuziqhenya kwakhe okuyinhloko. Igama lale ngqikithi engavamile livela e-Italian cupola futhi limelela isici sokuthwala. Njengomthetho, ukuma kwedome kufana ne-hemisphere noma i-parabola, i-ellipse. Ngosizo lwalolu hlobo lokwakhiwa kungenzeka ukumboza amakamelo amakhulu. I-dome ifakwa ngaphezu kwezingqimba nezakhiwo ze-polygon.

Umlando wemvelaphi yendlu

Namuhla, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ithempeli elingcwele alinakukwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwendlu emangalisayo. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi ukuthi zakhiwe futhi zisetshenziswa esikhathini sokuqala, okungukuthi eNuraga noma izikhumbuzo zeGaul. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonakala ku-Etruscan crypts, amapiramidi. Yiqiniso, ngaphambili kwedome yesonto, ogama lakhe lingekho ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungumklamo ohluke ngokuphelele. Yenziwe ngamatshe noma ngezitini. Izakhiwo zingahle zihlangane futhi zingadluli izindonga zibe namandla amakhulu.

Ngesikhathi kuphela ukwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi, abakhi bafunde ukwenza indlu efanele kanye nekhwalithi eliphezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezakhiwo zamaRoma. AmaRoma akha izakhiwo ezinhle ezihlanganisa izikhala ezinkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abazange basebenzise ukwesekwa. Kwaqalwa ukuthi i-hemisphere endala yakhiwe ngo-128 AD.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo se-dome

Esikhathini sokuzalwa kabusha, isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kakhudlwana kwesakhiwo se-cupola siyeza. Emakhulwini amabili neshumi nantathu namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye, kwakhiwa ama-hemispheres anjalo emahedeni aseSanta Maria del Fiore naseSt. Peter. Lezi yiziqalo ezivela kuNkulunkulu ezenziwe ngabachwepheshe beqiniso. Ngezikhathi zamaBaroque, idome lesonto lalibhekwa njengento enkulu yokwakha.

Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, indlu yaqala ukwakhelwa hhayi kuphela emathempelini angcwele, kodwa nasezindaweni zombuso. Ezindlini ezijwayelekile, kwakukhona nokwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo, kodwa lokhu kwakungavamile kakhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, indlu yegolide yamasonto yaba yinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwensimbi enhle, ezinye izinto zokwakha, njengeglasi nezikhonkwane eziqinisiwe, nazo zisetshenzisiwe. Ekhulwini lama-20, ukusetshenziswa kwama-hemispheres sekuye kwadlula izikhathi eziningi. Kusukela kule nkathi, kwakhiwa izindlu ezakhiweni zezemidlalo, izindawo zokuzijabulisa nokunye.

Izinhlobonhlobo zendlu

Abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okumele kube khona isonto lesonto. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemiklamo, ungakhetha noma ubani oyithandayo (uma ungaphikisani nezinkolelo zenkolo). Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zalezi zinqwaba ziyahlukaniswa: ibhande, "i-bulb", i-oval, uhambo, "i-saucer", i-polygonal, "isambulela". Owokuqala kubo ubhekwa njengowokudala futhi awusetshenzisiwe namuhla. I-dome yama-oval ivela ngesitayela seBaroque, lakhiwe ngendlela yeqanda. Umklamo wemikhumbi uvumela abaphathi ukuba babonise amatshe asekela "umkhumbi". I-dome yesikwele ihlanganiswe emagumbini amane futhi njengokungathi ibhalwa phansi. Izinhlobonhlobo zemiklamo ye-saucer ibhekwa njengeyona ephansi kakhulu. Akujulile, kodwa namuhla kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana nezakhiwo eziningi nale hlobo lomdanso. Ukwakhiwa kwe-polygonal kusekelwe ku-polygon. Ngokuqondene nesambulela "isambulela", ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ngokuthi okuthiwa "izimbambo", ezihlukanisa phakathi nendawo kuya kwesisekelo.

Idome- "i-bulb"

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yiyona "isibhamu". It has shape convex, okuyinto ngokucophelela kuthatha phezulu. Loluhlobo lwe-dome luvame kakhulu emazweni amaningi. Phakathi kwabo, i-India, iRussia, iTurkey neMpumalanga Ephakathi ingahlukaniswa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli dome- "isibani" lisetshenziswa kakhulu emasontweni angcwele e-Orthodox. Inomthamo omkhulu futhi ifakwe "idramu". Ngokuvamile ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kudlula ububanzi bayo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi amasonto anezindlu eziningana avela eRussia. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola izakhiwo ezinjalo, abantu bazihlanganisa ngokushesha neRussia. Futhi, isici esihlukanisayo sabakhi baseSlavic ubukhulu bendlu. Ziningi kakhulu i-Byzantine, futhi, njengombuso, zidwetshwe ngemibala ekhanyayo. Ngokuvamile, imiklamo ihlanganiswa nokwakha. Empeleni, akunandaba ukuthi umbala wesonto unjani. Lokhu kunqunywe ngabasebenzi, kodwa ngokuvamile bayenziwe bakhazimule, ukuze baphume phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo, futhi bangathola njalo ukukhanya.

I-dome isho ukuthini enkolweni yezizwe ezahlukene?

Enkolweni yomuntu ngamunye kukhona izici ezihlukile, kepha cishe kuzo zonke zazo kukhona idome yesonto. Inani laso lihlukile. Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kobuciko bamaKristu nabamaSulumane kubhekwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Amasonto amaningi amaKatolika, ama-Orthodox namanye amakholwa, ama-mosque namakhreditherali anemikhumbi emihle. Ezinye izinkolelo zenza ukwakhiwa kusho okungokomfanekiso. Ngokuba i-Orthodox - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sezulu, esihlotshaniswa noNkulunkulu, uMbuso Wezulu Nezingelosi.

Qaphela futhi ukuthi isakhiwo esikhulu siyi-dome yamazinyo, eyakhiwa ngo-1250 BC ku-Treasury of Atreus. Ngisho ngaleso sikhathi, amaGreki anika lo mklamo incazelo engcwele. Khona-ke kwakhiwa indlu enkulu e-Italy. Njengoba sekuyaziwa, kwakungenxa yamaNtaliyane ukuthi ama-hemispheres aqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha futhi athole ukuthandwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwabo, basakaza emhlabeni wonke, bebulala abantu bamazwe ahlukene ngokunethezeka kwabo, ubukhosi nokuzikhethela.