Ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko njenge- nqubekela ngamasiko asendulo

Bamafilosofi Sekuyisikhathi eside uzama ukuchaza ubunjalo okunengqondo - Ubangela izinqubo ezenzeka kuwo, ubudlelwano phakathi izenzakalo zalo, ukuthola injongo, futhi ngesisekelo main noma eyinhloko. Lokhu isiqondiso zefilosofi wabizwa ngokuthi ifilosofi yemvelo. Isigaba sokuqala sale ukuthuthukiswa kulesi siqondiso kwaba ifilosofi yemvelo endala, abameleli ejwayelekile iningi okuyinto kubhekwa esikoleni Milesian futhi abalandeli Pythagoras (inkathi yangaphambi yokucabanga, VII-VI ekhulwini BC).

Bamafilosofi esikoleni Milesian liyaziwa pragmatism futhi ukufuna isimiso esisodwa bemvelo kuhlangene ezisunguliwe esisebenzayo ezifana zomculo yezinkanyezi, amabalazwe, sundials. Ngakho, Thales sikholwa yilo lolu daba izakhi uyaphila, kodwa ikakhulukazi yokuqala - amanzi. Anaximander ngokuthi primordial ndaba "apeiron", bekholelwa ukuthi ngenxa kuwukuphikisana ekhona kuwo (ashisayo-abandayo), izwe lavela. Ube engumlobi njalo gilozoistom, okukholelwa ukuthi vusa ndaba. Anaximenes emelelwa isimiso sokuqala njengoba emoyeni, futhi Heraclitus - umlilo. Pythagoras kanye Pythagoreans wabona ezinsukwini isisekelo ezingaqondakali of zonke izinto kanye nesazisi yabo ebethelwe. Bonke sikholelwa ukuthi konke kuhlobene emkhathini, vusa, konke - abantu, onkulunkulu, izilwane - zinendawo nenjongo yabo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ifilosofi ezama ukuchaza ngendlela efanayo futhi ngisho elithile ekubuyiseleni cosmocentrism endulo, kabusha kwavela Yempucuko. ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko libhekene ngomzamo ukuchaza uhlobo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlanganisa kuyifilosofi yobuKristu ne cosmocentrism ngisho pantheism. izakhiwo theory kanye epistemological lokhu imodi yokucabanga zibe seMtatsheni ukuba Nikolayu Kuzanskomu, ovela emkhayeni ompofu, owaba eziyinhloko. Wazama ukuchaza Ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo izimpawu zezibalo, efana Pythagoreans, kanye uhlobo kugomela umuntu uqobo Nature noNkulunkulu. Nkulunkulu, kusukela umbono Nikolaya Kuzanskogo - kuyinto nenhlalakahle ngokuphelele, okuyinto minimum efanayo futhi esiphezulu, kodwa iyona Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ku "zigoqiwe" ifomu etholakalayo okholweni. Ubizwa "zenzeka" ngokwemvelo, bese umqondo ongaqonda ke. Wasikisela imibono ambalwa ukuthi kulindelwe-mbono Copernican, netakhiwo le dialectic Hegelian.

ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko, enengqondo Nikolaem Kuzanskim, yasungulwa futhi empeleni isekelwe Neapolitan Bernardino Telesio. Nkulunkulu, yebo, owadala ngayo futhi izwe, ngokuba umuzwa wokuqala, bathele emhlabeni, kodwa abantu abacabanga ngayo emhlabeni, futhi ngoba yokugcina ubuswa isimiso komsebenzi. Zonke izinto ezibonakalayo, nakuba isimiso okubalulekile ongabonakali. Isizathu nesayensi, abazitholi ngokuthi ukwazi uhlobo okuyinto ozimele kanye liwukuphela komthombo wolwazi. Ukutadisha imvelo, ungaya kuNkulunkulu. Yena wavuselela hylozoism Antique, sicabangela ukuthi yonke into uyakwazi ukuzizwa, futhi abeke phambili inkolelo yokuthi ukuhamba ngokwemvelo eyenziwe khona eziphikisanako.

Bernardino Telesio wadala emzini wakubo umphakathi nabacwaningi nemvelo (Academia Telesiana). Singasho ukuthi ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko emelelwa zemvelo kwaleso sikhathi, ezifana uLeonardo da Vinci, Le ndlela yokwenza ekuhloleni nemvelo futhi kulindelwe indlela Ucwaningo-nezibalo uphenyo ka esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon. Ithuthukiswe le ndlela, uGalileo Galilei, okuyinto kuyafana Telesio, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba, kodwa ucala kutfutfukisa ngokuvumelana nemithetho yawo, kanye nesifundo sawo kungenzeka kuphela esebenzisa ucwaningo.

Izazi zezinkanyezi Nikolay Kopernik, Iogann Kepler kanye Tycho Brahe, njengezinye eziningi Renaissance izibalo, futhi, zinomthelela omkhulu ifilosofi nemvelo. ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko ukweleta uCopernicus ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe "On the Revolutions kwezindikimba zasezulwini," empeleni walihoxisa Umhlaba yasezulwini umuntu we "ehlukile" nendawo emkhathini, ukubeka Cosmos, naphezu paradigmatu yesayensi isikhathi sakhe. Shono ku ithuna lakhe uthi, 'wayeka ilanga futhi zayiswa Zomhlaba ". Kepler kanye Tycho Brahe izibalo kwafakazela theory Copernican ka nokusakazwa amaplanethi ibalwa imithetho ukunyakaza kwabo.

ifilosofi yemvelo Yenguquko Wethule izibalo ezimbili ezithakazelisayo - kuyinto Giordano Bruno kanye Paracelsus (uTheophrastus Bombast ka Gogeghayma). Bruno futhi akazange aphike ukuthi uNkulunkulu siphela ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yalokho, Imvelo kumele kube engapheli kokubili uthi yabo (izindlela) - okungukuthi, ngomoya isikhala. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe kube khona, hhayi umhlaba kuphela, kodwa imihlaba eminingi, kanye Sun - ke ingenye izinkanyezi. Thanda zefilosofi eziningi zemvelo, Bruno Uphinde abhekwe ubunjalo impahla kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo animated ngokufeza ubunye kokubili izimiso. Paracelsus lalibonisa udokotela, isazi sezinkanyezi, futhi Alchemist. Yena, futhi, yayiqiniseka ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona ubuhlobo jikelele, nokuthi lingcangcazekile, kodwa ngikholelwa ukuthi lobu buhlobo - "umlingo ezingaqondakali" ngoba kungenzeka omunye isihluthulelo "ukutholakala bemvelo". ifilosofi yemvelo yayidumile hhayi kuphela phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe - ngaye kwaba edume futhi iyindoda Doctor Faustus Prototypes ezincwadini European.