Esikoleni Milesian wefilosofi nabameleli bayo main

Kumiswa ifilosofi yamaGreki sidilizwa ezenzeka esikhathini ekhulwini lesithupha nelesihlanu phambi Kristu. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona "izazi" abazama ukuzithethelela ukuthi watshelwa izinganekwane lasendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yale nqubo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ingxenye commercial nezezimboni sabantu, lapho isibe emzabalazweni kanye Izicukuthwane lawela futhi bathuthele uhlobo yeningi kahulumeni, ukuthuthukisa yalelozwe yabo. Ngesikhathi impande yalesi "ukuzikhohlisa kanye nokuguqulwa" ecabanga kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi isikole Milesian wefilosofi.

Ngokwesiko, umsunguli lesi siqondiso ubhekwa Thales. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga yesikhombisa nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesithupha BC. Thales ayekholelwa ukuthi zonke izinto abe nesiqalo ezivamile. Wababiza amanzi. Leli akulona nje liquid noma izidakamizwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi sefilosofi - isimo lapho "kunesithembiso" izwe lethu, okungukuthi, i-Earth. Ngakolunye - kunengqondo, "Nkulunkulu." Izwe lonke ngokuya isiqondiso umsunguli, kamuva waziwa ngokuthi isikole Milesian wefilosofi, egcwele imiphefumulo. Okokugcina cishe ilingane onkulunkulu, bese ukuhambisa emzimbeni ukwenza umthombo ukuthuthukiswa zabo zomqondo. Amanzi Thales nakho kunendima okuyifezayo omkhulu epistemology. Ngoba konke zingancishiswa ophezulu owodwa, empeleni isisekelo sakho konke ulwazi. Futhi kunomthelela nalolu sesho ngoba bakhetha ngokuhlakanipha futhi zilungile.

Yini enye babe abamele esikoleni Milesian wefilosofi? Siyazi Anaximander owayemfundela Thales. Siyazi igama umsebenzi wakhe, okuthiwa "Ngo Imvelo". Yingakho ongqondongqondo yaseGrisi yasendulo nokuhamba ezinyathelweni zakhe, ngizile ukuchaza njengoba izazi zefilosofi zemvelo. Anaximander waba ngowokuqala abafika esiphethweni sokuthi ngesisekelo zonke izinto hhayi kungaba iyiphi into ethize, kodwa into konke, engapheli, phakade ezihambayo. Wabiza kulesi sigaba "apeiron". esikoleni Milesian wefilosofi lapho sibhekene Anaximander ngisho ukubeka phambili umqondo wokuthi umuntu engase ivele emhlabeni ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Nokho, uthi kuwukuthatheka kakhulu. Isazi sefilosofi babekholelwa ukuthi umuntu wokuqala wazalwa senhlanzi enkulu, lapho lakhula. Bese wayephuma ibe nesiqalo kwayona, ukuqhubeka nemindeni yabo.

esikoleni Milesian wefilosofi wayenesithakazelo kakhulu ngemvelaphi ngesisekelo khona kanye ukuphila, okungukuthi ontology. Umfundi we umdali "Apeiron" Anaximenes wabuyela incazelo lekambiso eyodwa zonke. Wayebheka lowo le emoyeni. Phela, wayehawukela - the nanini futhi izimpawu kuzo zonke ezine izici ezaziwayo. Ngokwezinga elithile, lesi sazi balandela uthisha wakhe, njengoba kunqunywe emoyeni njengoba "apeyros" - beskochechny. Futhi impahla yayo futhi wukuthi Anaximander wabona, okungukuthi iphakade, ukunyakaza njalo futhi ukusabalala. Ngakho, "Apeiron" - ikhwalithi emoyeni, kunokuba into eyodwa. Enanela le nkulumo Thales, Anaximenes wabona e izakhi wakhe umthombo wokuqala ndaba hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi yithela. Lesi sakamuva babe nakakhulu "umoya" izimfanelo - abawona njengoba engowenhlabathi njengoba umzimba, ngakho Ungakha bese wakha ezintsha futhi omkhulu. Ngakho, lokho esikoleni Milesian wefilosofi. Kubekwa kafishane ngazo lapha eyisisekelo bezimiso zawo. Nokho, akugcini la abameleli abathathu abaphakeme yayo umlando isikole. , Ukudla kwalo main eliyisisekelo wesazi sefilosofi savela kwelinye idolobha lase- Asia Minor, e-Efesu. Lona Heraclitus abadumile. Wafingqa zonke imibono ngomsuka Milesians busuka inkulumo ngokwesayensi igama elithi okuyinto nanamuhla. Lokhu "logo". He is isisekelo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila futhi injongo lonke ulwazi. Ngakho Heraclitus ukholelwa ukuthi nakuba bonke abantu ziyafinyeleleka, ukuqonda okuphakeme kwe "Izimpawu" alinikwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Lomgomo kusekelwa ekubeni, kodwa samuntu impahla komlilo. Wabe Kugqashuka ke kuyanyamalala, ngoba konke emhlabeni idlule. Akukaze kube into efanayo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi variable. Konke kwenziwa eziphikisanayo ukuthi hhayi kuphela ukulwa, kodwa futhi ukuba basekelane. Umphefumulo womuntu nakho kuvele umlilo ekhethekile, futhi logo yayo ihlukile - ke uyakwazi ukuzithiba ukuthuthukisa. Izimpawu yilezi sisinika umthetho, okuyinto adalwe abantu, njengoba sifuna ukulondoloza ukuthula kuzo zonke izindawo.