Ifomu esifubeni womuntu. Umumo kwesifuba ezinganeni

Thorax - igobolondo yemvelo kwangaphakathi, aklanyelwe ukuvikela izitho ezibalulekile ekulimaleni, nemihuzuko noma ukulimala. Esikhathini ingaphakathi thoracic inhliziyo ezifihliwe, amaphaphu imithambo yamaphaphu futhi imithambo thymus, bronchi, emphinjeni, isibindi. Ukuze-ke inamathelisiwe imisipha zokuphefumula futhi imisipha wemikhawulo engenhla.

Isakhiwo esifubeni komuntu

Kumiswa yezinyoni ubambo is of:

• 12 ngazimbili of arcuate imiphetho ehlangene ezingemuva emgogodleni thoracic futhi phambi ehlangene sternum nge cartilages costal.
• Breastbone - amathambo ayibhangqiwe kokuba i ijamo side. It libhekene a iqhubu ngezihluthu surface kanye concavity labaqaphi elingemuva. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: isibambo, umzimba, kanye xiphoid.
• Imisipha.

I thorax nezimo, ie-ke yandisa kanye nezivumelwano inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula.

izinhlobo esifubeni

Usayizi kanye ukuma thorax ziyahlukahluka futhi ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu degree of ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha emaphashini. Iziqu yentuthuko yokugcina kuhlobene eduze umsebenzi womuntu, umsebenzi wayo kanye ubungcweti. Umumo kwesifuba kungokwemvelo has izinhlobo ezintathu:

• flat;
• cylindrical;
• oyindilinga.

Ukuma flat kwesifuba

Ngokuvamile ezitholakala abantu imisipha ebuthaka futhi siphile ukuphila yekwentiwa. Kuyinto eside futhi isicaba ku ubukhulu anteroposterior, ngaphambili odongeni cishe mpo, clavicle kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile, ububanzi intercostal izikhala.

Ukuma oyindilinga kwesifuba

Lokhu ukuma ububanzi futhi emfushane isifuba libhekene abantu neqembu evuthiwe of imisipha kwebhande ehlombe. ingxenye yayo aphansi ebanzi kuka phezulu. Emthambekeni izimbambo futhi intercostal izikhala ezincane.

Ukuma cylindrical kwesifuba

Leli fomu esifubeni ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu iDemo. Yena imikiswe okufanayo kuwo wonke obuphelele. Leli lungiselelo enezingqimba izimbambo uchaza usongene intercostal izikhala. Brisket engela obtuse. Abantu abathintekayo kwezemidlalo efanele, kuba lolu hlobo webele.

Ubudala bokuphila izici

Ifomu esifubeni komuntu kakhulu ukushintsha ngeminyaka. Izingane Newborn libhekene ifomu emincane futhi ufushanisiwe of iphiramidi ufushanisiwe. Nanguya kancane onomfutho singatsheki. Ubukhulu transverse of anteroposterior kancane. Kukhula ingane, ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe futhi evuka liphenduka unyawo lonwabu, ukuthuthukiswa of the system zemisipha kanye nokukhula izimbangela yasekhaya nokukhula ngokushesha esifubeni. Umumo kwesifuba ezinganeni ngomnyaka wesithathu zokuphila iba Isigaxa emise. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-6-7 zokukhula ubudala kancane behlisa ijubane, bakhathala okwandisa engela ukuthambekela izimbambo lapho. esikoleni ubudala izingane abe ayizindunduma ukuma esifubeni kunabantu abadala, ukuthambekela kwezinhliziyo izimbambo futhi aphansi. Iphathelene lokhu abafundi ukuphefumula njalo futhi engajulile abasebasha. Boys esifubeni uqala zikhule kakhulu kule amantombazane 12 - engu-11. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-18 ngineminyaka engu kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso umnyango webele.

Umumo kwesifuba ezinganeni kuncike umsebenzi futhi isikhundla umzimba ngesikhathi kokwehla. Ukuvivinya umzimba nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kuyokusiza ukuba wandise ivolumu nasesifubeni nobubanzi. ifomu Expiratory kuyoba umphumela imisipha ngihluphekile, ngimpofu ukuthuthukiswa wamaphaphu. zokutshala esingalungile, ukwakha emaphethelweni etafuleni, kungaholela izinguquko ukuma esifubeni, okuyinto kwaba nethonya elibi phezu ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza inhliziyo, amaphaphu, lezitsha enkulu igazi.

Usayizi ukunciphisa, ukwehlisa nokushintsha ukuma esifubeni kwasebekhulile lihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kuyaqina we uqwanga ubambo, izifo njalo we zokuphefumula ipheshana futhi kifoznym ugobile.

thorax zabesilisa nangaphezulu ubambo zesifazane has a goba evelele endaweni ekhoneni. Abesifazane evelele ukusonta Kuvunguza izimbambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, futhi simise flat xaxa futhi predominance ukuphefumula thoracic. In amadoda, uhlobo besisu ukuphefumula, okuyinto kuhambisana displacement diaphragm.

Thorax futhi ukuhamba kwayo

Nendima ebalulekile inqubo ephefumula futhi umoya wenziwa imisipha zokuphefumula.
Ukuhogela kuqalise ngokunciphisa beso nangaphandle imisipha intercostal ukuthi ephakamisa izimbambo, kancane kuhoxiswe wawahlukanisa, nekwandzisa umtsamo we thorax. Umoya emoyeni kuhambisana ukuphumula kwemisipha yokuphefumula, ukwehlisa izimbambo ukuphakamisa okuphezulu Dome diaphragm. Khanyisa enqubeni yenza umsebenzi yokwenziwa, kulandela izindonga ezihambayo.

izinhlobo ukuphefumula

Kuye ngobudala ukuvuthwa kwesifuba zihlukaniswa:

• ukuphefumula Diaphragmatic. Ngakho is ukuphefumula izinsana ezishona ungenalo ukugoba izimbambo ezinhle, futhi zisesimweni ovundlile, imisipha intercostal ababuthakathaka.
• kwezimila Phrenic nge predominance we phrenic ezinganeni engxenyeni onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila, lapho izicubu intercostal uqale baqine wesibili, cell ore iqala awe phansi.
• uhlobo thoracic ukuphefumula uqala yibona e izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-7 ubudala, lapho ngentshiseko ekuthuthukiseni kwebhande ehlombe.
• Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kukhona umehluko ngobulili izinhlobo ukuphefumula. Besisu eziyoba abafana, webele - amantombazane.

ifomu sokugembula kwesifuba

Pathology zaphawula yiziguli. Zingaba azalwa naso (elihlobene ne kahle ukuthuthukiswa amathambo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) futhi atholwe (umphumela ukulimala nezifo kwamaphaphu, amathambo, emgogodleni). Deformation kanye ukuhlanekezela, ngokuvamile kwembula luhlolo elula kwesifuba. Ifomu kanye yayo izinguquko, asymmetry, kahle ukuphefumula isigqi uvumela uhlelo udokotela abanolwazi ukumemezela uphethwe ukuthethwa kwecala. Umumo kwesifuba iba okungajwayelekile bedle izinqubo sokugembula kule thoracic ingaphakathi kwezitho ugobile yomgogodla. ifomu sokugembula kwesifuba kungaba:

• Wemigqomo emise. Lokhu ukuphambuka itholwa e abantu okungekho wamaphaphu izicubu ine nje ngisahlose anda, isb, abahlukaniswe umswakama waso kanye namandla. Lokhu kuhambisana i okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile air-alveoli. Wemigqomo esifubeni ezimise yandile transverse futhi ikakhulukazi ubukhulu anteroposterior, izimbambo evundla ububanzi intercostal izikhala.
• Kofé uhlangothi. Lokhu esifubeni Kunjengoba flat futhi ayibanzi. Njengoba kuthiwa collarbones futhi wahlela asymmetrically. Blades okusalele emuva ngokucacile ngemuva yezinyoni ubambo, indawo amazinga abo ahlukahlukene futhi inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula they nyakazo asynchronously. Indawo imiphetho - lefanele, ungalibalekeli phansi. ifomu kofé uhlangothi kwesifuba ezitholakala kubantu ewuthi lokuvungula, abantu nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo ababuthakathaka, izifo ezinzima ezingamahlalakhona, njengesifo sofuba.
• Rachitic. ifomu okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi futhi keeled noma inkukhu. It libhekene nokwanda okuphawulekayo ubukhulu anterior-posterior ukuthi is phetho yokuhlaselwa yamathambo ebuntwaneni. kuphakama ifomu Kileobraznaya ngenxa kwezinso zofuzo ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwamathambo. amathambo ezinkulu kungenzeka abalulekile noma cha. Ubucayi yesifo kuthinte izimpawu yesibili ezenzeka ngenxa yokucinana wenhliziyo namaphaphu.

• Uphondo. Lolu hlobo pathologies lubonakaliswa ababambelela lubonakale izingxenye ngabanye lwezimbambo, uqwanga, sternum. wentaba ukujula lingafika ku 8 cm. I evelele uphondo ukusonteka kuhambisana displacement we inhliziyo, ugobile umgogodla, izinkinga emaphashini, ushintsho lwemithambo nokucindezelwa emithambo yegazi. Ngo izinsana, zokugula kancane obonakalayo kuphela uma kukhona ababambelela kancane umoya esifubeni. Kuba evelele njengoba zikhula.
• Scaphoid. Isici ngoba lesi sifo khona kude elongate ezingxenyeni maphakathi kanye engenhla sternum. Utfutfukisa ezinganeni abaphethwe izifo ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa, okuyinto ephazamisa motor umsebenzi futhi ukuzwela. ukusonteka Sinzima kuhambisana iphika, ukukhathala, umsebenzi ukungabekezelelani, palpitations njalo.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Kutfutfukisa on isizinda izifo yomgogodla, okungukuthi, thoracic, noma umphumela ukulimala esibuhlungu.

Evolution ubavikele kwezitho ebaluleke kakhulu esifubeni umzimba womuntu sika. Esikhathini ingaphakathi thoracic izitho zitholakala, ngaphandle okuyinto thina ngeke siphile ngoba emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. ithambo Hard Uhlaka akazivikeli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi lilandisa esimweni unomphela, ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni futhi isimo sethu egculisayo.