Thorax

Yezinyoni ubambo kuyinto ingxenye zangaphandle ukuphefumula kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. It wenza inkomba amabhayisikili, izimoto, umsebenzi zokuzivikela.

Thorax. isakhiwo

Le ndawo emelelwa isakhiwo kokuba skeleton osteochondral. Kukhona ama-lymph kanye igazi izitsha, imisipha lwamathambo ezihlobene, kanye nezinye ezithambile kwezicubu, nerve zesivikelo sesifuba.

skeleton Osteochondral siqukethe nambili amathambo thoracic, ubambo ngazimbili nambili kanye sternum. Basuke kuhambisana nomunye ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuxhumana.

Esikhathini ingaphakathi isakhiwo kukhona izitho zangaphakathi: emaphashini, ephansi ipheshana zokuphefumula, emphinjeni, senhliziyo, nezinye.

I thorax uvezwa uhlobo nokusebenzisa Isigaxa kabani isihloko anqunywe. Okunqumayo izindonga ezine. Front kwakhiwa uqwanga costal futhi sternum, bakhulise - imikhawulo ezingemuva izimbambo kanye amathambo thoracic. Uhlangothi (lateral) izindonga ezakhiwe izimbambo, okuyinto zihlukaniswe intercostal izikhala (intercostal isikhala).

Yezinyoni ubambo ine beso engenhla (imbobo) igudle lokuqala vertebra thoracic, ekupheleni engenhla isibambo sternum nge notch jugular esisogwini futhi emikhawulweni engaphakathi izimbambo kuqala. Umgodi esitshekile anteriorly. Ngaphambili emaphethelweni beso lehliselwa phansi bebheke ilungiselelo izimbambo. Ngakho, ngo-jugular notch breastbone amanga phakathi owesibili nowesithathu amathambo thoracic ezingeni disc intervertebral.

Dlula kuvulwa engenhla imithambo yegazi, emphinjeni, ekupholiseni izinzwa, kuqhoqhoqho.

ukuvulwa Lower kukhawulwe emzimbeni nambili vertebra thoracic ngemuva sternum xiphoid inqubo phambili kanye izimbambo aphansi ezinhlangothini. Ubukhulu bayo kakhulu kosayizi we beso engenhla.

A elibona nxazonke eyesikhombisa ubambo pair yeshumi amafomu onqenqemeni anterolateral (lwaleli costal). I kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele lwaleli costal singatsheki nomkhawulo engela infrasternal ukuvula downwardly. Selilonke, elitholakala ezingeni lesishiyagalolunye vertebra thoracic, kuyinto inqubo xiphoid.

Diaphragm kokuba umgodi for ukudlula emphinjeni, le-aorta, ngemithambo ephansi, evala beso phansi.

Kusukela amathambo thoracic nhlangothi zombili ahlelwe sulcus yamaphaphu. Ziyakwazi eduze esifubeni kususwa udonga lwangemuva izingxenye emaphashini.

Nezimo lwaleli costal ukunikeza kuyaqina namandla eliphezulu lonke isakhiwo.

Yezinyoni ubambo ungase ube ukuma ezahlukene kanye nosayizi.

Movement of the wonke isakhiwo kubangelwa ukuthi uhogele futhi umoya izinqubo (ukunyakaza zokuphefumula). Ngenxa imikhawulo phambi izimbambo exhunywe kwi-breastbone, futhi umoya ephelezelwa ukuhamba sternum kanye nezimbambo. ephakamisa yabo kuholela ekwandeni ku anterior-posterior (sagittal) nobungako transverse sezitokisi, le intercostal isikhala ukunwetshwa (izikhala intercostal). Zonke lezi zici ukuchaza ukwanda umthamo ngalo ingaphakathi.

Umoya kuhambisana kwaba ukungafakwa sternum nemikhawulo yomhlaba izimbambo, ukwehla okukhulu ubukhulu anteroposterior ukuvala izikhala intercostal. Konke lokhu kuholela ukwehla ivolumu ngalo ingaphakathi.

Chest deformity

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuvamile ezinganeni. Amabili zibhekwa ezivamile uhlobo uhlobo: i- uphondo futhi inkukhu webele.

Esimweni sokuqala, isimo kubangelwa normal ayeke sternum ngaphakathi. Inkukhu amabele - lena lapho bulging esifubeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo uhlobo itholwa practice kaningi impela.

Anomalies e isakhiwo, yebo, ezithinta impilo yengane. Lapho ababambelela esifubeni ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa emphysema (a nesifo samaphaphu libhekene ukwephulwa ukuphefumula).

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinza ngaphandle kuyadingeka uma lolu hlobo ukusonteka.