IHholo laseGibhithe leHermitage, umlando wasendulo

IGibhithe - izwe elidala kakhulu kangangokuthi ososayensi baye bashiya imizamo ende yokunquma iminyaka yayo. Umlando weGibhithe ungabuyela emuva eminyakeni engaba ngu-5 000 eyedlule, le mininingwane itholakala ekucwaningweni kwemvelo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-pyramid adumile, amathuna amafiriya aseGibithe, akhiwa phakathi neyesithathu leminyaka BC. E. Iminyaka yama-pyramid iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine nengxenye. Futhi wonke amasiko aseGibhithe, izakhiwo nobuciko bahlotshaniswa nesikhathi esidala.

Ukuze kulungiswe izindinganiso zokuvubukulwa zaseGibhithe nokwenza umlando waleli zwe ufinyeleleke emphakathini jikelele, ihholo laseGibhithe leHermitage lakhiwa eSt. Petersburg, eklanyelwe ukuvakashelwa kwabantu abaningi. Lesi senzakalo senzeke ngesinyathelo somqambi omkhulu we-Hermitage A. V. Sivkov ngo-1940.

Ihholo lisendaweni yokuqala, ekugcineni kwephiko lephiko elifanele. Isizathu salowo mbukiso kwakuyizinto ezingezansi zenkambiso yaseGibhithe, ezalethwa eSt. Petersburg umgcini weHermitage VG Bok ngo-1889 no-1898. Izinto eziningi zasendulo zatholwa ososayensi emazindlini edolobheni laseSohaga nase-necropolis yaseBagauat. Esigodini sezindela sikhiphe izithunywa ze-museum zathola ingcebo eminingi yomlando, futhi emathuneni e-necropolis kwakukhona izinto eziningi zaseGibhithe ezivamile.

Isitifiketi esikhethekile egameni likahulumeni waseGibhithe evunyelwe ukuthatha iningi lemiboniso eya eRussia futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihholo laseGibhithe leHermitage linemibono enhle kakhulu, okwamanje idonsela amakhulu ezinkampani ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Lokhu kuvezwa kwafakwa emahholo amathathu okugcina we-suite, ngokusho komthetho wokuhlukaniswa kwe-ethnographic. Ngokwahlukana wabonisa iGibithe lasendulo, ngaleso sikhathi isikhathi saseGibhithe sePtolemaic futhi, ekugcineni, iGibhithe lingumRoma. Ingxenye ye-Hermitage Museum - I-Egypt Hall, isithombe sayo esibekwe kulesi sihloko, sizinikezelwa eminye imiphakathi engavamile kakhulu emhlabeni. Abavakashele emnyuziyamu bangakwazi ukubona ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wezwe lasendulo , ukuguqulwa kwama-pharaohs, izigameko zomlando eziyinhloko, izimpi kanye nokudalwa okunokuthula kwabaseGibhithe.

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, isiko laseGibhithe lalihlangene namasiko nobuciko bamazwe: Iran neSiriya, iGrisi neRoma. Ihholo laseGibhithe le-Hermitage lihlanganisa ukuhlangana kwazo zonke lezi zizwe eduze kwemicabango ekuboniseni kwabo, futhi lezi ziboniso zibuye zigcwaliswe ngezikhathi zokugcina ezitolo zemyuziyamu.

Kulula ukubona isikhathi saseGibithe ngaphansi kwejoka laseByzantium. Ngaphansi kwengilazi kunezinhlamvu zemali zemali yase-Alexandria, ebonisa ababusi baseByzantium. Ukubaluleka okukhethekile kuyizincwadi ze-papyrus zokunikezwa kwezibonelelo zokulondoloza izindawo zokuhlala zaseGibhithe, nezinye izincwadi ezifakazela ukuxhashazwa kwabaseGibhithe ngabanqobile.

Imiboniso ehlukahlukene yehholo laseGibhithe le-Hermitage lisenza sihlole ukuguquka kwempucuko enkulu esikhathini esiyi-IV leminyaka eyi-BC. E. Futhi kuze kufike eminyakeni yeshumi leminyaka AD.

Esihlokweni sokwakhiwa kwamapiramidi aseGibhithe emnyuziyamu kukhona izithombe ezithathwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene phakathi nekhulu lama-20.

Eqinisweni, iHholo laseGibithe le-Hermitage liqoqo elikhulu elibonisa umlando omdala wezwe lonke. Phakathi kweziboniso eziyinkimbinkimbi kukhona izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke, imisebenzi yobuciko besikhathi esidala, ubucwebe besifazane, izithombe, kanye ne-sarcophagi njengophawu lomkhuba okhethekile.

Ehholo laseGibhithe kunombukiso owodwa oyingqayizivele - lo ngumama wangempela kaFaro. Uneminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine ubudala, uwubufakazi bokuziqhenya. Futhi ekamelweni kuboniswe i-sarcophagus yamatshe, lapho lo mama elele khona. I-coffin yamatshe, eqoshwe etsheni eliqinile, ingumsebenzi wangempela wobuciko. Ehlotshiswe ngezindwangu ezicebile nezithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi, isembozo se-sarcophagus sifakazela isimo sengqondo sabaseGibhithe sokukhathazeka ngenkumbulo yabashiyile.