Ikhaya ngcono - Iyini? Izinhlobo, isakhiwo, imizi umsebenzi

Yasendlini, ngokuhambisana izindlela zanamuhla theory, kukhona kwezomnotho, ingenye ukhiye abadlali kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Dynamics kumiswa yabo kakhulu inquma nekusebenta umnotho wezwe ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Siyini yasendlini? Yiziphi izifundo kungaba amelwe?

Siyini yasendlini?

Ikhaya ngcono - okungukuthi, ngokuvumelana definition ezivamile iningi lososayensi, iyunithi zezikhungo zomphakathi, esakhiwa iqembu elincane labantu abahlala ndawonye, ngezindlela ezingafani, imali sabo nezinto zabo, kanye ukusetshenziswa eziningi izimpahla namasevisi.

Ngokuvamile, imizi ayagcinwa ngemindeni. Imindeni akuzona kuphela abathengi izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo, kodwa futhi yizimboni zabo - isibonelo, uma nezikhonzi zabo wahlanganyela emsebenzini ebhizinisi.

Kukhona omunye ukuchaza igama elithi, okukhulunywa ngakho. Lakhiwa zezomnotho. Ngokusho abendlu yakhe - iqembu labantu, ukuthatha izinqumo kwezomnotho ngokubambisana. Ngokwesibonelo, ezihlobene ukuthengwa kwezimpahla, imisebenzi noma ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa yabo, uma abahlanganyeli we ebhizinisini lomndeni.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka yasendlini

buka ayeba, owawuthi yasendlini - kuba iqembu nabantu, okuyinto libhekene izici ezilandelayo esemqoka:

- Ukukhipha (kokubili zomthetho futhi okuyiqiniso)

- yokuhlala labahlanganyeli endaweni yokuhlala esisodwa noma iqembu wayo, okungukuthi zitholakala side by side,

- njalo ukuxhumana nomphakathi - okusho ukuthi abahlanganyeli kulelikhaya nge ezahlukene ukushuba degree uxhumana ukuxhumana nomunye.

Njengoba siphawulile ngenhla, imizi ngokuvamile akha imikhaya. Kodwa lokhu akulona njalo kunjalo. izifundo olungenzeka yasendlini - amafemu, izinhlangano zomphakathi, amasonto, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngandlela-thile, ngeke kuqhathaniswe saxoxa ngaphambi izici eziyinhloko yasendlini.

Amakhaya anohlelo olufanele eziningi imisebenzi kwezomnotho. Ake sifunde bona.

imisebenzi Economic wamakhaya

Imisebenzi esemqoka wemindeni iphuzu umnotho umbono zimi kanje:

- ukwabiwa dolobha;

- ukulawula kumiswa umthengi cwaningo luzosiza;

- utshalomali capital zanqwabelana.

Yiqiniso, zikhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho kubaluleke imisebenzi yasendlini kwezomnotho. Ngakho, amaqembu efanele nomphakathi yakha nesidingo emakethe - ukuthenga izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ezivezwa nezinye opharetha kwezomnotho. Imindeni, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kungenzeka bona ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo namasevisi. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ubudlelwane kwezomnotho singenzeka phakathi kwamalungu yasendlini ngabanye. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ubudlelwano ezahlukene ezingokomthetho - izikweletu, ukukhiqizwa, zabasebenzi.

Iqembu efanele nomphakathi ungakheka izindima komnotho wendawo elihlobene ne ekuphathweni dolobha. It zigcinwe, ngakho yasendlini zezimali. Kubhekwe iqembu social kungaba yinhlangano ezimele kwezomnotho, okuyinto baxhumana: nezinye imindeni, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi yezwe labo, kanye nama-ejenti kahulumeni, ngamabhange, nezinhlobo ezahlukene amabhizinisi nge abadlali non-state, izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe nezinhlangano.

Sifundza eziyisisekelo umsebenzi kwezomnotho emakhaya - ukusatshalaliswa, ukulawula kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ngaphezulu.

Ukusatshalaliswa umsebenzi kwezomnotho wamakhaya

Ezinye zezinto ezisemqoka imisebenzi yomnotho ye- mndeni ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali. Lezi noma kwezinye izinto wamakhaya abahola semali, ngandlela-thile, nabanye. Emikhayeni - ngokuvamile mahhala futhi ngokwanele asebenzayo. Ngo ngaphezulu amaqembu disparate yezenhlalakahle ukusatshalaliswa ezinjalo - a rarity.

Ngakho-ke, elikhulu lasemakhaya, evelele iba ukusatshalaliswa dolobha kuwo. Lokhu umsebenzi okufanele kunendima enhle ngokuya ohlelweni lonke komnotho omkhulu, ngoba ukutholakala dolobha abantu abanezidingo ezahlukene kuvusa ukukhululwa kwezimpahla nezinsiza ezindaweni abakuzona. Uma zimali bagxila inombolo encane yabantu, bekuyoba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni abambalwa imikhakha - labo bayakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo isakhamuzi ngabanye.

Household ukusetshenziswa kudala isidingo, ngokuvamile on ezahlukene ebanzi kakhulu kwezimpahla namasevisi.

Lawula umsebenzi kwezomnotho wamakhaya

sici Landelayo abalulekile samakhaya - control. ngokucacile yawo ukuphatha ezidingweni zomunye abahlanganyeli amaqembu ezifanele emphakathini.

Iqiniso lokuthi seholo lomndeni, ngisho noma kuziwa izinhlangano ngaphakathi kwedolobha elifanayo, ingahluka kakhulu. Futhi uma abamele neqembu elilodwa yezenhlalakahle eyodwa sezingeni elamukelekile imali, omunye welunga lalapha ekhaya ngesisekelo engenayo alahlwayo kungase kungabi bakghone ukubala baragele phambili okufanayo ukusetshenziswa amaphethini. Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga nezifiso ngabanye imizi izinhlangano kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya nokulawula - ukuze nokwandisa yabo isakhiwo izindleko.

Umsebenzi utshalomali wamakhaya

Ngakusasa umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke yasendlini - utshalomali. imizi Ezezimali kungenziwa iqondiswe siseke imisebenzi yesigungu ezihlukahlukene abadlali kwezomnotho. Kulokhu, zokuxhumana idatha kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ezingeni bezindleko nsuku iqhaza iqembu efanele nomphakathi - uma uthenga esitolo, usebenzisa amasevisi ahlukahlukene. imali yasendlini sizitholela izimali amabhizinisi ukuphakela kwalokho noma ezinye izimpahla noma amasevisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali wamakhaya kungenziwa emelelwa zifakwe ebhange, iqhaza stock yokuhweba, yangasese nokulingana usekelo yimaphi amaphrojekthi.

Ukusebenza kahle ngokwezimali yekhaya incike izinga ukuphathwa isabelomali bakhona. Masitadishe lesi sici kabanzi.

Household isabelomali

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi yasendlini - inhlangano kwezomnotho ezimele. Ngakho, izimali zasekhaya ezizimele ngokuya imigomo isabelomali, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umkhiqizo wabo incike izenzo ezinye izinhlangano lapho ohambelana iqembu yezenhlalakahle lucwaningo zokuxhumana.

Household isabelomali, efana uhlelo lwezimali, kwakhiwa okuyinto ngumbuso manje siqukethe izimali kulinganiselwa kanye izindleko. Eyingqayizivele ngokucacile zalo iwukuthi lapho ekubhaleni, njengoba umthetho, acabangele langempela hhayi kulinganiselwa izidingo ngazinye ilungu lomndeni ngalinye. Ukuze umuntu odinga volume of izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ukuze uthole enye i - ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isabelomali njengengxenye tikhungo tetenhlalo emikhulu kungenzeka yahlelwa ngesisekelo nje ukubala indices esifanayo, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlanganiswe langempela izidingo ngazinye isakhamuzi ngabanye. Lona inzuzo ngokuthi imali ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngesikhathi yasendlini zendawo, ikhono acabangele zabathengi okuthandwa yabo bonke abahlanganyela kuso.

Yiqiniso, ezimweni eziningi, igama elithi "isabelomali" kulelikhaya kubhekwa olungekho emthethweni. Ngomqondo onabile, siyindlala lapho othile evela emndenini esithathwayo kube real, njengoba kubonakala kula umbhalo oseceleni uhlelo imali kanye nezindleko. Nakuba, uma uludinga, abantu abaningi abahlanganyela kulo msebenzi - usebenzisa, isibonelo, izinhlobo ezikhethekile software, kwizinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, futhi kuvela banayo kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Kodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indlela isabelo sezimali yasendlini, ke unawo isici zako ezisemqoka - focus on the izidingo ngazinye isakhiwo. Ngokuvamile akunandaba kangakanani uhola umhlanganyeli emkhayeni ethize. Lokhu kungenye isici indima kwezomnotho amaqembu efanele nomphakathi njengoba kuwumthombo wemali khona kanye ukusetshenziswa kwaleso sifundvo ayikwazi unamalungelo okuhambisanayo nezibopho. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe, ubuhlobo obunjalo ngokucacile yilezi isici ngaphezulu endlini umndeni hhayi kuvamile ubudlelwane yenkampani.

Yiziphi izinhlobo wamakhaya

Funda ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo emakhaya. amaqembu Okusatshalalisiwe yezenhlalakahle elihambisana ngezigaba esekelwe inani izifundo. Ngokwesibonelo, imizi kungenzeka esisodwa noma iqembu. Okokuqala ezakhiwe abantu noma imikhaya. Okwesibili - amaqembu amaningana abantu.

Okunye zindlela ezivamile ngokuhlelwa ngezigaba wamakhaya:

- ungubani indawo (sicabangela ukuhlanganisa esihambelanayo iqembu yezenhlalakahle idolobha, isifunda, nesimo);

- solvency (kulo mqondo, imizi ungase ube phakeme, phakathi noma engenayo ongaphakeme);

- impahla izici (kunqunywa ngokuvumelana uhlobo impahla kanye nempahla okungewakho imizi iqhaza).

Abacwaningi kungacacisa ukuthi kunezinye izici - njengalezo elihlobene ne-isimo sabo emphakathini amalungu yasendlini, nomshikashika bezikhali amaqembu efanele nomphakathi, izinga lemfundo kanye ziqu izakhamuzi abangamaHimba yasendlini.

Isakhiwo yasendlini

Masitadishe esimele isakhiwo angawendlu. Leli gama kungaqondakala:

- indlela yokwakheka yasendlini;

- ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo izindima obusebenzayo eqenjini abafanele emphakathini.

Ngokuphathelene yokwakheka yasendlini: kungaba ukuhlangabezana isimo umndeni ngayinye amalungu ayo. Kungaba abazali nezingane zabo kanye nezinye izihlobo. Ngokuphathelene izindima obusebenzayo kulelikhaya: ayikho kulezi kungenziwa emelelwa amaqembu akha inhloko-dolobha, ezisebenza, ukuthuthukisa amabhizinisi, ukusabalalisa omholo kanye nezindleko, ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuphathwa okutholakalayo engxenyeni ikhaya isisetshenziswa - ingcebo ithuluzi zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ukudlala indima kwezomnotho yokwenziwa emnothweni kodwa ngenkuthalo - ukusebenzisana nezinye izinhlangano ibhizinisi.

Kuye ngobukhulu yekhaya, izici zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho namanye amaqembu zenhlalo yohlobo linqoba edolobheni noma esifundeni esithile, izindima nemisebenzi namalungu emikhaya kungenziwa okwethulwa spectrum ebanzi kunalokho.

Emakhaya State

Endaweni labacwaningi uye wazakhela ukuhlolwa okuxubile indzima yembuso kwetinhlavu emakhaya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu abafanele nomphakathi jikelele - izimele kusuka imisebenzi noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni. Ngakolunye, isimo Ungadlala indima ebalulekile ngokuya nokugcina ukuzinza yasendlini.

Okokuqala, ngomqondo kwezomnotho. Kungase kube umbuzo nokunikeza ukusebenza amaqembu imindeni ukuze uthole ohlelweni wezimali ka isimo - ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi e isakhiwo isabelomali, kwahulumeni nokuhlinzekwa izakhamuzi usizo ngqo ngesimo a ukudluliswa kweemali ngesimo uxhaso, izibonelelo, izabelo esivuna labo noma ezinye izikhonzi izinyathelo okubhekiswe ukusekela amakhaya.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, futhi enze ezibalulekile izindlu imisebenzi isimo - kokubili ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho. Njengoba siphawulile ezingenhla, izinhlangano abafanele akhiwa, njengoba umthetho, imindeni, ukwakheka okuyinto - ke isici esibaluleke kunazo e ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Imindeni ukukhiqiza izimfuno izingxenye eziningi umnotho - kunomthelela ukuzinza komnotho wenarha yabo boke isimo, ukwanda kwe-GDP yayo.

Household engenayo

Ake silitadishe, ngaleyo ndlela yakha kwemali ngeniso emakhaya. Imithombo eyinhloko-dolobha ukuze zabelwe amaqembu efanele yokuzijabulisa:

- iholo;

- isinxephezelo ngaphansi ubudlelwane komthetho we-civil;

- Umsebenzi ebhizinisi;

- ukulethwa amafa ezithile ukuze iqashwe;

- kokuthola izinzuzo kusukela kokutshalwa kwezimali izinkampani ezahlukene;

- ukuzuza ngidayisa e kwamatayitela;

- ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo;

- kokuthola yasebhange inzalo imali.

Umuntu oyilunga lenhlangano kodwa samakhaya bayakwazi kukhishwe okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo izinhlobo engenayo. Njengomthetho, efanele nokuphuma kwemali uncipha inani izinkokhelo saziso - ngesimo izintela, izimali kanye nezinye izindleko zinikelwa mthetho futhi imigomo ye izinkontileka.

Household nezindleko

Izindleko yena, imizi kungenzeka ethulwa:

- Izindleko ezihambisana nokuqukethwe kwezidingongqangi ezikhona (isib, ngezidingo, uma kuziwa ingcebo);

- yokufuna izinhlobo eziyisisekelo kwezimpahla - ukudla, amakhemikhali yasendlini, electronics;

- nokusetshenziswa nezinsizakalo kwansuku - ezokuthutha, yasebhange, ukuxhumana;

- eside yokufuna - ukuthengwa ingcebo entsha, izimoto kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

izindleko zasekhaya kungenziwa kulekelelwa ukusetshenziswa ezomthetho, amasevisi ezempilo kanye nezemfundo - okusekelwe izidingo isakhiwo kwakheka iqembu elithile emphakathini. Cabangela lesi sici kabanzi.

Isakhiwo ngaphakathi izidingo zasendlini

Imindeni bamelela imibuso ehlukene kwezomnotho, Nokho, okuyinto isakhiwo, kungenziwa emelelwa abahlanganyeli abanezidingo ezahlukene. Kwabanye, kwanele ukuthi bathenge izimpahla eziyisisekelo kanye nezinsizakalo, abanye kudingeka ukuba ngilidlulisele amasevisi angeziwe, ukuthengwa imikhiqizo ezibizayo.

Isici esiyinhloko sokunquma isakhiwo funa amaqembu efanele nomphakathi - yasendlini imali zalutho. Ayanda kuba, futhi more ngenkuthalo eyenziwa nokusakazwa kwayo, kulapho cishe ukwanda imibuzo iqhaza amapulazi ngokuya izintandokazi umthengi. Kwezinye izimo, bangase sithathelwe indawo eziza kuqala nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu angase abe akukhetha ukuchitha izimali etholakalayo akuzona ukuthengwa umkhiqizo kuyabiza, futhi ukuxhaswa ukusekelwa ngokwezimali kwabanye abantu noma izinhlangano. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukuvela ntandokazi enjalo kuxhomeke ezicini ezifana izinga lemfundo, imfundo lomuntu othize, umbuthano wakhe yokuxhumana.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza kumiswa wamakhaya

Manje ake sicabangele ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya ezinye zezici zingase zimiswe izindlu Siye safunda izinhlobo eziyisisekelo emakhaya, nendlela ngezigaba zabo. Ngamunye wabo kumelwe ilingane iqembu ethile yezici embuzweni. Ngakho, uma sikhuluma emndenini owodwa, cishe, kuyothiwa emelelwa emndenini owodwa. kumiswa izici bakhona baziwa kuya ebuhlotsheni babantu. Abantu beze ndawonye, ukunakekela umkhaya futhi baqale ukuqhuba kulowo muzi. Isici kwezomnotho kuleli cala Ungadlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba afterthought.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kumiswa iqembu wamakhaya kungenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngenxa nje isidingo zomnotho ezifanayo. Amaqembu Social ukuphakamisa uhlobo ezifanele inyunyana imikhaya eminingana kulelikhaya ezivamile - ngenxa yokuthi ngefomethi enjalo ngamunye wabo kuyoba lula kakhulu ukuba uqaphele izidingo zabo, nokwandisa isakhiwo izindleko.

Indawo abangaba ababambiqhaza kulelikhaya, umholo wazo izinhlobo alahlwayo kwempahla - Ungase futhi badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni izinhlangano zihlolwa. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni evulekile eNyakatho Ekude bemdzabu abahlala kuleyo nsimu, kokuba imali iphansana hhayi amafa uketshezi kakhulu, cishe kuzokwenza ingqondo bahlangane emakhaya.

isifinyezo

Ikhaya ngcono - iyunithi izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, uyazigcwalisa indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni komphakathi kanye nesimo. Teaming up emakhaya, abantu ziye zaba nomthelela ekukhuphuleni ukushuba zokuxhumana mutual, ngaphezulu Kwabiwa kahle capital, ukwakheka isakhiwo kahle izintandokazi umthengi ngokuya imali zalutho.

Izifundo samakhaya avame ukuba umkhaya. Kodwa kungenzeka ukwakheka kwamaqembu efanele nomphakathi nezinhlangano. Isakhiwo yasendlini kungenziwa kunqunywa ukubunjwa yayo futhi ukusatshalaliswa imisebenzi phakathi abahlanganyeli ancike izici kwezomnotho nezamasiko imiphakathi lapho izinhlaka uhlobo ezifanele iqembu omphakathi.