Isiteleka preemptive - Iyini?

izingxabano zempi phakathi amazwe esiyingxenye ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu. Ngisho nanamuhla, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ngxabano ahlomile, okuyinto ilandelwa nokubhujiswa futhi abalimala eziningi. Ukuze uthole ngaphambi wodweshu, okuyinto uya ukuqala impi, inhlangano evikela kungase unomangalo izifo. Lo mqondo umsuka iminyaka 200 edlule, futhi liye laba nezokusigcoba ngokukhethekile namuhla. Zama ukuqonda incazelo yalo nokulisebenzisa ukuthola indlela ufanelekele lezi zenzo komthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

okusho

isiteleka preemptive - umthelela impi yezikhali ngakolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ukuze uthole ngaphambi isitha singayeki ithuba lokuhlasela kuqala. Injongo le misebenzi ukubhujiswa izinto osendaweni ebalulekile isitha, okungase amnike inzuzo kule kungenzeka impi oluzayo. Lokucabanga isimo lapho Isimo ngenkuthalo okwandisa amandla alo ezempi ukuhlasela izwe umqali B. eqinisa ibutho, eqhuba Inqubomgomo inkulumo-ze labantu ukuba nobutha. Esimweni esinjalo kuleli zwe ungathola ngaphambi isitha isiteleka kuqala.

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi basebenzisa budedengu lo mthetho, Ngakho-ke izenzo ezinjalo fela osopolitiki eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, lezi zenzo zingase zifane isenzo sonya. Lokhu kwenzeka uma izwe elithile is sakha amabutho alo ezempi ukuvikela ubuqotho insimu yalo. Kodwa kwelinye izwe kungaba ufanelekele izenzo ezifana amalungiselelo impi futhi isiteleka preemptive. Lokhu bekuyobhekwa njengento ubudlova.

Izibonelo zokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa izindaba

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, le misebenzi lempi Kwakuseshwa eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule. Eyokuqala sihlehlela emuva 1801, lapho i-English imikhumbi wafika Copenhagen futhi ube esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise emagcekeni Denmark, kanye umuzi. Nakuba womabili la mazwe abekho esimweni impi, kodwa kube izinsolo ukuthi Danes ukusiza French ngasese. Ukwenqaba ngokuzithandela ukunikeza imikhumbi yabo ukuze ahlolwe, base wawajezisa kanzima British.

Okulandelayo idume kwenzeka ngo-1837, lapho i-British tiphindze tulo. Yena kwakuhlobene kuhlaselwa the umkhumbi Caroline ephethwe amaMelika. intelligence British kubika mayelana nokuba khona izikhali, owawungumnyaka ukufinyelela AmaSeparatist Canadian ukuthi wabalwela ekubusweni iBrithani. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, i-British ashaqe umkhumbi, futhi ngaleso sikhathi bazishisa.

Ngo-1904, imikhumbi yempi Japanese ehlaselwa ngoxhaxha Russian ezinze yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina e Port Arthur. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa yasetshenziswa torpedoes, ezimbalwa zazo Usufike umgomo, kodwa Japanese ephethwe ukucwila imikhumbi eziningana. Lezi zenzakalo zaholela ekuqaleni kweMpi Russian-Japanese.

Lokhu kuhlasela kanye Japanese eyenziwa ngo-1941, lapho ehlaselwa base wamabutho asolwandle e-United States ngo-Pearl Harbor.

German isiteleka preemptive ku-USSR

Kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngo-1941, akekho ophikayo ukuthi kwaba isenzo sonya laseJalimane lobuNazi ekulweni neSoviet Union. Inhloso yalezi izenzo kwaba ukubhubhisa imibono yamaSoviet, owathatha kwakumelwe eze Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni. Impumelelo yalo mkhankaso ezovunyelwa ukuba ujoyine emasimini amasha futhi ukufinyelela zigcine enkulukazi izinsiza kungaba wusizo intuthuko eyengeziwe e-Asia.

Kodwa maphakathi nawo-80s kukhona theory entsha ngezimbangela zokuziphendukela izenzo kaHitler. Kusekelwe umqondo wokuthi amabutho aseJalimane ehlasela iSoviet Union kuphela ukuze kuvikelwe kwemingcele yayo empumalanga. Sinikeza imibhalo owawuthi Soviet wamabutho is izinkontileka amabutho ezengeziwe imingcele esentshonalanga ifuna ukuhlasela okwalandela. Kodwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela isiteleka pre-emptive yasheshe ukulahlwa mlando. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaJalimane babelungiselela lokhu kuhlasela isikhathi eside, futhi liqinisekisa lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo "Barbarossa", lapho konke kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wephule isivumelwano okungezona ubudlova, okuyinto izinhlangothi ezimbili ngemvume ngo-August 1939

Nosongo iziteleka pre-emptive namuhla

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimo samanje emhlabeni kuyinto okuzinzile, kusekhona eziningi izinsongo ukuthi kungayilulaza ukuthula ethambile. Ngekhulu xxi. esiphuthumayo ikakhulukazi kuba inkinga lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke. Mhlawumbe akekho ukhohliwe okwenzeka ngo-September 11 noma ekuthatheni abahlomile esikoleni e yaseBeslan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxabano zempi eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika nase-Ukraine ophoqelelwe abaholi bezwe ulungiselela izinyathelo ezinzima kakhulu. Ngokuphindaphindiwe wawezwa yini amazwi ngabameli-United States, i-EU ne-Russia, ngisho kungenzeka sokuboniswa preemptive. Lokhu kungaba ithuba kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka ezweni labo - uthi inqubomgomo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izenzo ezinjalo ezibhekwa ukuhlukumeza esobala umthetho international, amathuba lokhu umphumela lapho.

Zokuzivikela isiteleka zenuzi, kuyini na?

izindlela Extreme ekulweni nesitha ukusetshenziswa izikhali zembubhiso, enuzi kanye okungukuthi amabhomu hydrogen. Ngenxa yamandla ayo Amazing lolu hlobo isikhali cishe akazange asebenzise. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu okwesabisa futhi ukuphoqelela isitha ukuze uyeke kusolwa ubudlova ahlomile.

Naphezu namandla amakhulu futhi elimazayo, noma kwamanye amazwe avumele amathuba kwezikhali zenuzi uma kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izindlela ezinomthelela isitha izohluleka. Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa okubi kakhulu of ubudlelwano Russian nge-EU ne-US uthi, zonke izindaba ezingezinhle yaqala ukubonakala kaningi. Ngisho bacabanga kutsi US ilungiselela ukuhlaselwa preemptive enuzi Russia. Ngenhlanhla, akekho isiqinisekiso esemthethweni lena akuyona, futhi lolu lwazi kuphela kokusungulwa abezindaba.

Imfundiso Bush

Lesi simemezelo usumisiwe ngosizo 43 uMongameli US futhi waveza izimiso inqubomgomo angaphandle. Umgomo wayo lomkhulu ukubhubhisa wonke amaqembu amaphekula international. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni eziye usizo ukuze lezi zihlubuki, yamila zonke izivumelwano kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

Into elandelayo idokhumenti kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi pre-emptive isiteleka imfundiso. Wathi ukuthi e-United States iyaligodla ilungelo afeze ahlaselwa amabutho ahlomile akhatshana ezempi kanye azixoshe uhulumeni wamanje uthi emhlabeni wonke, uma izenzo zabo kukhona ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukusongela ukuphepha yezwe. Inqubomgomo entsha angaphandle Melika kwathathwa omubi ngabaningi. Ezinye osombusazwe baye ukuthi uthathe leso sinyathelo uMongameli ufuna ukuhlangana ezinye izinqumo zabo ezingalungile, omunye owawungumnyaka ayehlasela Afghanistan ngo-2001.

Military Emfundisweni WaseRussia

Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi simo uhlala ayesinda kuzo ngokulambisa, ngokuphathelene ukubambisana phakathi Russia nase-EU ne-US uthi. Isizathu esiyinhloko sakho konke izingxabano ezisele empumalanga ye-Ukraine. Ngaphezu unswinyo kwezomnotho, osopolitiki amaningi aseYurophu futhi American ukwenza izitatimende mayelana isidingo sokuqinisa khona NATO amabutho esifundeni sase-Eastern Europe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umyalo lempi Russian Federation ubona izenzo ezinjalo usongo ezweni lakhe. Ngakho-ke, wezwa yini amazwi wee kudokhumenti eyinhloko isimo ngokuphindaphindiwe, unesibopho khono ayo ukuvikela. A okufana entsha imfundiso kwavunyelwana ngoDisemba 2014.

Abanye ochwepheshe bathi ke luzobandakanya isigatshana owawuthi Russia unelungelo pre-emptive simangalo US noma NATO amazwe uma usongo mayelana nokuvikeleka isimo Russian. Leli lungiselelo ayiqukethe imfundiso, kodwa kuthiwa ukuthi usongo eziyinhloko Russian Federation namuhla abakha izwe eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Treaty.

Imicimbi e-Ukraine

Yonke bamazwe omhlaba eduze asiqaphile isimo e-Ukraine. Naphezu izivumelwano ufinyelelwe, isimo esifundeni uhlala esishubile. Khumbula ukuthi emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga baye bamangalela eRussia kokuzibandakanya ingxabano futhi khona amasosha kahulumeni ensimini ka kwelinye izwe. Ngisho version isifakwe phambili engase bafeza isiteleka preemptive ngokumelene Ukraine ne zenuzi.

Uhlangothi Russian uye wakuphika ukuhileleka zinqobe kwabheduka endaweni isimo engumakhelwane. Ukungabikho Russian amabutho ahlomile e-Ukraine waqinisekisa umongameli kanye abaphezulu kobuholi ezempi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungenzeka inketho uma isiteleka preemptive yalahla iRussia noma kukhona nezinye izinto ezisongela ukuvikeleka kwenarha uzohlupheka.

Kuba semtsetfweni amagalelo zokuvimbela

Ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, izwe ngalinye ithuba izinyathelo zokumelana nalo ezifanele ekuphenduleni sobudlova noma zokweqa imithetho yokuthula. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Charter UN uthi isiteleka pre-emptive - indlela engekho emthethweni ukuphikisana usongo. Ivunyelwe wezinyathelo ezinjalo kuphela endabeni ingozi esobala, nangemuva kokubonisana neKomiti UN. Kungenjalo-ke ngeke kucatshangelwe ukuzivikela, njengoba isenzo sonya ngomunye umbuso.

Lokho izenzo zokuvimbela babe esemthethweni, ukuze siqale ukuqoqa ubufakazi ngokumelene nomunye umbuso, eqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangothi lwakhe kunosongo sobala ngokuthula. Futhi ngemva kokutjheja nofana yonke imibhalo ye-UN Security Council isinqumo esinye isinyathelo ngokumelene umphehli wodweshu.