Imakethe yezezimali njengenye yezinsizakalo zokuthuthukiswa komnotho

Izwe ngalinye linesizinda sayo siqu sezezimali esingase sihluke ngezindlela eziningi: uhlobo lomsebenzi, ubungako, ububanzi bezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izikhungo zalolu hlobo zinemisebenzi eminingi ejwayelekile engaxhomeki emabangeni nasezindaweni ezithile zendawo: ngosizo lwabo, umnotho uqala futhi ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke buyasungulwa.

Imakethe yemali eboleka imali noma imakethe yezimali yindlela yokwenza ukwabiwa kabusha kwemali phakathi kwababolekisi nababolekisi ngosizo lwabalamuli. Imakethe yezezimali inefomu lenhlangano - isethi yezikhungo zezikweletu eziqondisa kabusha izimali ezivela kubalimi kubanikazi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Imakethe yezezimali : isisekelo nemisebenzi

Isikweletu semali siyisisekelo lapho imakethe yezimali ihlala khona, ngoba imali iyinhloko "yezimpahla" ezimakethe zezimali, zithengiswa, zithengwa futhi zithathwe ngendlela yokuboleka imali. Imakethe yezezimali iqukethe imakethe yemali (okuyilapho ihlanganisa imakethe ye-interbank, imakethe yokubalwa kwemali kanye nemakethe yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe) kanye nemakethe yemali emikhulu (iqukethe imakethe yemasheya, kanye nemakethe yezikweletu zangaphakathi nesikhathi eside). Imakethe yemali iboniswa imisebenzi yesikweletu esincane (kuze kube unyaka). Imakethe yezimali "amadili" ngamasheya, amabhondi, isikweletu semali ephakathi nesikhathi eside. Imakethe yezikweletu inikeza izinsiza zokutshala izimali isikhathi eside kuhulumeni, amabhange kanye nezinkampani.

Imakethe ye-interbank iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe yemali eboleka imali; Kulo makethe, imali yesikhashana yabekwa phakathi kwamabhange ngendlela ye-interbank idiphithi isikhathi esifushane. Emakethe yokubika, izimpahla ezisemqoka zokusabalalisa zihamba kakhulu futhi zimanzi - lawa makhasi okuqinisekisa kanye nezikweletu zesikhashana. Izimakethe zezimali zimelana nokuthengwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezibopho zemali zabantu ngabanye (ngokomthetho nangokomzimba) wamazwe ahlukene.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemakethe yezezimali ukudluliswa kwezimali ezingenzi lutho okwesikhashana. Imakethe yezezimali, njengezo zonke izimakethe, yenza imisebenzi eminingi:

- ukugqugquzela nokuqoqwa kwekhasimende mahhala okwesikhashana. Imakethe yezezimali inikeza izindlela ezehlukene zokutshala imali. Ukuze uthole imali engenayo emalini eyingqayizivele, ungabafaka emasheya noma uvule i- akhawunti yediphozi ebhange. Esikhathini esizayo ukuqoqa imali eyanele yokudayisa izimali noma ukuboleka ebhange.

- ukusatshalaliswa kwemithombo yezimali yamahhala. Imakethe yezimali inikeza ukunyakaza kwezimali phakathi kwemikhakha ehlukene. Imakethe inikeza ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nenhloko edingekayo emigomo kanye nesakhiwo. Imali yamahhala ihlangene ngemali emikhulu, eyanele ukutshalwa kwezimali, bese iphenduka imali yokuboleka imali.

Umsebenzi wokubuyisela kabusha. Lapho yonke imali isetshenziselwa futhi isatshalaliswa, umsebenzi oyinhloko emakethe yezimali ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba nokusabalalisa kwezimali njalo.

- ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komnotho. Umnotho ungasebenza ngendlela evamile nje kuphela ukuhamba kwezimali phakathi kwamafemu, ngabanye, amabhange, amabhizinisi kanye nombuso. Indlela eyinhloko eqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kukhishwa njalo kwemali kuyimakethe yezezimali.

Ngaphandle kokubuyiswa kwemali, ukwabiwa kabusha kwezingozi nakho kwenzeka emakethe yezimali. Isibonelo, uma unikeza umngane wakho isikweletu futhi engakubuyiseleli, ingozi yokungabikho ukubuyiselwa kuyoba eyakho, futhi ngeke uthole kuphela inzuzo, kodwa imali yakho. Kodwa uma ufaka imali ku-akhawunti ye-deposit ebhange, futhi ojwayelene naye uzokhipha inkokhelo kuleli bhange, ingozi yokungabuyiselwa imali izohanjiswa ebhange. Futhi uzokwengeza ngokwengeziwe ukuthola imali ngenzuzo yesithakazelo kusuka ekubekeni kwekhasimende mahhala okwesikhashana.