Imbangela nenjongo ubugebengu. Ithonya isisusa kanye izinhloso zalezo ziqu zobugebengu

ukubaluleka Criminal zomthetho kwesisusa kanye nenhloso ubugebengu kubangelwa imininingwane yokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zigaba usukela bonke ubudlelwano nokuxhumana zikhona ubuntu ezithile nezenzo ke uzibophezele. Cabangela eminye, yini ithonya isisusa nenjongo kuya ziqu yobugebengu.

Ukuphuthuma inkinga

Umqondo isisusa nenjongo ububi lapho kwakuphambana khona eyala eziningi. Ikakhulukazi avele ngokucacile lapha Psychology, kwabantu, umthetho. Kuze kube manje, le ncazelo salezi zigaba ibambe izingxoxo okuqhubekayo. Njalo ukusungula izimbangela zangempela, embule isisusa kuqala futhi injongo ubugebengu. Ubumbaxambili umbono kanye ukusabalala kuholela ezinkingeni yangempela umkhuba.

Imbangela nenjongo ubugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu

Ngokungafani wecala, lezi zigaba kukhona alutholakalanga kokungathembeki we Criminal Code. Noma kunjalo, ama-athikili we Code, kanye kumazwana kubo usebenzisa lezi zinto kwengoma. Empeleni, zingabantu imikhakha kwengqondo. Kule ndaba, izincwadi lomthetho ingxoxo ngendaba ukuthi ukusebenzisa in practice lobugebengu, ukuzimisela akhiwa Psychology, noma ithole amakhono athile izici ekhethekile salezi zici. Abanye abacwaningi bathi, esigabeni kumele lithathwe ngokuthi umuzwa emincane futhi ebanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokubeka ngesisusa nenjongo icala, kufanele aqondiswe amalungiselelo athuthukiswe in kwengqondo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo cabangela imininingwane yalolu ubuhlobo lapho umsebenzi uyahamba.

Tindlelanchubo yencazelo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, embhalweni Criminal Code kukhona kuphela definition normative wecala. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukucaciseleka ngalokho okwenza ngesisusa kanye injongo ukoniwa, kudala eziningi nobunzima kule intuthuko okuqala alezo zigaba. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba baphendukele iphuzu bendabuko umbono. Ngaphansi imbangela ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi kukhona umqondo womuntu futhi kumshukumisele ukuba afeze noma isiphi isenzo. Ngokwezinye izazi, le ncazelo kungenziwa ngokuthi ashukumisayo amandla baphokophelele ubuso ukuhlukumeza, okubangela ukuzimisela. Abanye abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi isisusa - kuba into eyenza abantu baziqhathanise inqubo nginenhliziyo ukuthuthela muntu endleleni yakhe yokuziphatha. Njengoba Brainin kusikisela, kulesi sigaba ibonisa isipiliyoni (umuzwa), okuyinto selande laze laba isisusa izenzo icala. Zagorodnikov ukholelwa ukuthi isisusa - iyisimo ethile yengqondo, ukuvusa abantu ukuthi benze izenzo eziyingozi emphakathini yokuziphatha. Omunye kungaba zilandise enye incazelo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi motif isifiso bayazi enze okubhekiswe, ukuziphatha ethize, okubeka engcupheni kumphakathi futhi inikeza emthethweni lobugebengu.

impellent

Cishe kuzo zonke izincazelo ngenhla kukhona kuyo. Ngakho abalobi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi motif selivela uhlobo umfutho, ugqozi ukwenza. Etymologically, ngisho lokhu gama lisuselwa movere, okusho "ukuhambisa." Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga ngendaba yalo mkhuba. Citizen, ulahlwe yicala ngaphansi Art. 105, p. "E". Watholwa enecala ngenxa yokuthi, ngokuba isimo zokudakwa, yena aphume umhawu yabulala umkayo ngommese. Irekhodi yahanjelwa kuwubufakazi bokuthi ndaba njalo wazingela owesifazane. Ngenxa yalokho, uliphathise ukubulala. Lesi sibonelo ukhonza njengelungu isisusa nomona. Yandise esetshenziswa definition ngaleyo ndlela kungenziwa kubhekwe ukubangela ashukumisayo senzo. Ikhodi umbhalo kwezinye izimo ithathelwe indawo elithi "inzalo," "amandla ashukumisayo" kanjalonjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, e amahora. 2 n. "B" Art. 105 usungula umthwalo lokubulala isakhamuzi noma izihlobo zakhe ngokuqondene ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakhe noma imisebenzi yomphakathi, futhi Sec. "Futhi" lesi sihloko sihlinzekela isijeziso ubugebengu izimisele aphume hooliganism. At inhliziyo ngesisusa, ngakho kunesidingo esithile noma ohlelweni lwabo. Ngesisekelo babenesithakazelo ukwakha umkhuba, inkolelo - konke ekugcineni kubonakala izimiso akhuthaza wezenzo zomuntu into.

kudingeka

Abanye abalobi ukuhlonza ngesisusa nale umqondo. Indlelanchubo ukuhluka ithobela Gaukhman. Lapho echaza yakhe, uveza bona motif livela njengendlela lukwazi ukushukumisa. Ungumthombo wako yizenzo zabantu. Nokho, ukuze abone izifiso, izithakazelo kanye nezidingo ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi isenzo motif ngakolunye - kwakungeke kube ngokuphelele lesifanele. Noma yimuphi ithuba kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi izindlela. Kungenzeka esisemthethweni futhi engumlanjwana. Iqiniso sixoxa ngalezo zimo abalobi abakholelwa ukuthi isifiso ukuzwa izidingo ehlukanisiwe ukwaneliseka yakhe (esimweni sangamabomu ukuziphatha) Ukukhetha indlela inqubo, xoxa ongakhetha. ngaleyo ndlela kwenqondo ingxenye motif kumelwe ukuxhumana ukwahlulela. Nazo ngokufanayo, bakhonza njengamaphayona imfuneko isinqumo kanye elungile yayo.

ukuqwashisa

Kunamaphuzu amaningana abalobi uveza ukuthi isisusa kuchazwa ngokuthi uhlangothi inkanuko ngokomzwelo, nokuhlakanipha. Enkabeni yalo, ke izenzo ngenxa izindlela kokuhlaziywa isinyathelo admissibility futhi inadmissibility ukuze ngabanye. Ukuhlonza isisusa uyachaza ukuthi kungani isihloko akwenzile lokhu hhayi omunye. He is Umbala evusa inkanuko kodwa bokusungula hhayi kuphela.

esinye isigaba

On inhloso, njengoba kwebalingisi okuphusile ubugebengu Lesi sihloko sithi 187. Sekutholakele inhlawulo womshini ukudayiswa okwalandela noma ukugcwaliseka yokukhokha mbumbulu (credit) amakhadi, nezinye izibambiso lokukhokha, engewona nokho ezibalulekile. Ngo amazinga amaningi umgomo oqondile eyilungu labafanelekako. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushushumbiswa izingane ezincane ngokuhlaba izakhamuzi kubhekwa njengecala elingathí sina, uma kwenziwe yokususa okwalandela kwezicubu noma izitho for kwezitho.

Isici subjective secala: isisusa, injongo, imizwelo

Ngomqondo ezingokwengqondo, zonke lezi zigaba zihlobene nomunye. Noma kunjalo, ningenzi njengenhlangano imigomo ngokuphelele ezifanayo. Motif, isibonelo, ikuvumela ukuba abone imbangela isinyathelo, kube yiyo ephendula imibuzo "kungani", kanti futhi nanjengento ezothola ubeka yalokho, okungukuthi, ebonisa ukuthi ubugebengu obenziwe. Kugcine ephawula ogxile isinyathelo uqobo. Kulokhu, ngesisusa kanye mizwelo ukuthi zihlobane kakhulu ubuntu yombambiqhaza. Umphumela elilinganisiwe is hhayi kuphela uqondisa izenzo umuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile uba umthombo nomsebenzi futhi nokufuna kugunyazwe ugqozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umgomo kungaba isici esingishukumisela ngandlela-thile ukuze uhlangane ngesisusa nemizwelo. Kodwa umphumela okuhloswe ngeke esikhundleni sazo. Imbangela futhi injongo ukoniwa, imizwa womuntu kukhona kuleli cala, i-kwencika ezithile. Inhloso kuyosikhuthaza ukuba athathe isinyathelo. Inhloso kulokhu izenzo njengoba sokunquma inkambo ngawo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo. Kuya ngemvelo kwesisusa isenzo kanye Inhloso ubugebengu kungahle ubuhlobo ezahlukene nomunye. Ukukhetha enye inketho zabantu eziningana ingase iphakamise imiphumela ezahlukene izenzo zabo, futhi ngezindlela eziningi ukuba uqaphele kubo. Sikhishwe yokuthi injongo orienting ukuziphatha yombambiqhaza njengengxenye ngokoqobo yomphakathi, ithumela yona ubuhlobo nabathile, uyabuthola ukuthi noma esinye isici kwezenhlalo, ukuhlolwa kanye ukubaluleka. Ngakho kubhekwa izigaba ukukhonza njengephayona kuncike ucwaningo, hhayi kuphela ngoba odokotela bengqondo. Inani kwesisusa kanye nenhloso ubugebengu abameli ukuthi ukubeka kubo, Ochwepheshe bayakwazi ukunquma isici yezenhlalakahle mshini ngokuba ukuqaliswa izenzo ezithile, yekuhlola leniketa yena icala.

ngezigaba

Imbangela nenjongo ubugebengu asebenzelana ngayo ezincwadini zomthetho kusuka izinhlangothi ezahlukene. Ngakho, wazithwala eyodwa noma nezinye ngezigaba. Abanye abalobi ukuphakamisa ukwehlukana isigaba nemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, impindiselo, umhawu, nokunye. Kodwa ngezigaba okunjalo kuyoba ebalulekile ekunqumeni okuqukethwe langempela isenzo. Lelincomekako lobugebengu amagugu umthetho ngokwahlukana ezinjalo ngeke babe. Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela behlukanisa ngesisekelo nokusimama. Ngokwesibonelo, isisusa nenjongo Kulicala kungaba siqu noma isimo. Nokho, umkhuba, lokhu ngezigaba Alilona usizo. ukwahlukana kubhekwe ewusizo kakhulu, esekelwe zomthetho futhi zokuziphatha izigaba ukuhlolwa. Esikhathini kohlaka isisusa nenjongo njengoba izimpawu ubugebengu kungaba yakwazi ukwanelisa noma bancishwa leyonto equkethwe. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka kufanele labizwa ngokuthi labo ngalo umthetho uxhuma umthwalo kakhudlwana noma babhebhethekise ke kohlaka kwezinkambiso we Jikelele Ingxenye. Kulo mBhalo, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi esandisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisusa nenjongo ephansi amanga njengoba subjective yezinhlobo ubugebengu ezibhekwa ngaphansi imithetho Special Ingxenye. Kulokhu, angabawa ukwenza njenge ebalulekile (impoqo) mbandela isithiyo. Ukuze izisusa kanye nezinhloso ophansi, isibonelo, nobuxhwanguxhwangu izisusa zobugovu, Vendetta, ngokulwela ukuba afihle enye ubugebengu noma enza kube lula bonyana ikhomishana elinye icala, kanjalonjalo. Abanye criminologists yakha kusigaba umbandela we ngento yezenhlalakahle. Nokho, abalobi abaningi aveze ukuthi isisusa kanye injongo, eyasebenza njengodonga isisekelo ngokwengqondo ngoba isenzo okungalungile, asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba lisetshenziswe umphakathi.

Izici umphumela izenzo

Eceleni kufanele uhlale ku ngezigaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, Kant lubahlukanise ku categorical, pragmatic, lobuchwepheshe. Banikezwe impahla nomphakathi ukuthi umgomo kungaba yinzuzo emphakathini, hlangothi noma elimazayo. Lokunquma qiniseko zingahlukaniswa zibe ethize futhi ungaqondakali. Ngokusho zibheke walulama imigomo efinyelelekayo futhi unachievable. Banikezwe amathuba ngokwahlukana kungaba kwenziwe ngesikhathi Abstract nemiphumela langempela. Kuye ukuqaliswa okuhloswe ngaleso sikhathi, umgomo ungase ube ethembisa, elikude noma ngokushesha. Ngokusho indaba, isici zokuziphatha wabo ihlukaniswa njengoba ephansi amanga, dabukisa, ihloniphekile sublime.

imikhakha indima

Ithonya isisusa kanye izinhloso zalezo ziqu zobugebengu zingase zihluke. It kuncike ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani endabeni ethile. Kanye nezinye izimpawu zobugebengu, injongo kanye nesisusa bangadlala indzima kathathu:

1. Abakwazi siguqulwe amalungiselelo saziso, uma umthetho wethula nabo kuleli fomu ekuklanyweni ezidzimeleleko. Ngokwesibonelo, isisusa isithakazelo somuntu siqu noma ngobugovu khulumela inkomba esiyisibopho ohlangothini subjective of icala nokusebenzisa kabi igunya, futhi injongo isiwombe emthethweni komhiaba - isimo ezidingekayo mayelana necala lokubamba inkunzi.
2. Abakwazi ukwenza izimo njengoba isihluku. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngesisusa kanye injongo ekushintsheni ziqu yobugebengu. Abakwazi icaciswe design eziyisisekelo lokucasula. Nokho, ukubukeka kwabo esikhathini ukwakhiwa labafanelekako sithuthukiswe umthwalo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaza sobugovu ukuthunjwa isakhamuzi ukwandisa degree of ingozi salo Mthetho.
3. Abakwazi ukwenza njenge ngodlame noma ezidinga ngibonelele, ngaphandle kokushintsha ziqu. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho izinga akubonisi kubo noma umklamo eziyisisekelo noma izingxenye zayo ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona zobugovu noma ezinye base izisusa, ngokuhambisana isigaba wesithathu lento. 39 we Criminal Code, uba isici ngodlame lapho ukhetha isijeziso ubugebengu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i icala elenziwe ngenhloso ekuvimbeleni ngisho kuhlasela eziyingozi kakhudlwana, isibonelo, okweqa imingcele ezidingwa i-Defense, ngeke uphumule izimo.

isiphetho

Ngokusho abameli eziningi, injongo kanye nesisusa ziyefana zobugebengu abavamile, futhi kunzima - ukuze delimit komunye nomunye. Ngo ulunge kangakanani isenzo umphumela okufanele igcwaliseke icala. Motif oyibamba njengoba isiphakamiso ezinengqondo abuye asekele goal setting, ayikwazi washayelwa ngaphandle umbono ocacile ngakho. Nokho, ngo-umkhuba, le mikhakha yomibili azifani. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi babe okuqukethwe okuhlukile ngokwengqondo. Ingxenye subjective secala kwakhiwa inhloso, isisusa noma abe nesazela. Uma udala komthetho owehlukile (ekhethekile) izenzo kwesakhiwo kusebenza lezi zigaba. Esikhathini izincwadi zomthetho uthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi injongo nesisusa kuningi esifana, abakwazi abhekwe nomunye. Lo mbono sabiwa cishe bonke abalobi. Kodwa amazwana kwezinkambiso ezithile Criminal Code, okuyinto njengophawu lokuthi izenzo Ukwakheka ifeza injongo, ke kufaniswa motif. Ngokwesibonelo, ziphawuleka ezingase nokweba (Art. 158) kwenziwe ukuze uthole inzuzo. Ngo waphansi ku-athikili waveza ukuthi isici subjective of the isenzo ukwakha ngembazo ugaye.