EzempiloImpilo yengqondo

Imibono ephuthumayo neyengeziwe: incazelo. I-Syndrome yemibono engaphezulu

Izifo eziningi ezingqondweni zihambisana nokuphazanyiswa endleleni yokucabanga. Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokugula okucindezelayo, i-schizophrenia kanye nezinye izimo ezibuhlungu ze-psyche kubonakala sengathi kukhona imibono ekhohlisayo futhi engaphezulu. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi ziphutha futhi yini evamile phakathi kwabo? Uzofunda ngalokhu ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko.

Umlando wocwaningo kanye nencazelo emfushane

Igama elithi "imibono yokuqapha" lasungulwa ngumqondo wezifo zengqondo uWernicke ngo-1892.

Imibono enjalo yizigwebo ezivela esigulini ngaphansi kwethonya lezenzakalo zezwe langaphandle. Kulesi simo isahlulelo sinemibala eqinile yomzwelo, ikhona ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni ngokwayo ukuziphatha komuntu.

I-Wernicke imibono ehlukanisiwe yabelana ngezigaba ezimbili:

- evamile, lapho okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho kwesiguli kufana nalokho okwenzeke khona;

- ebuhlungu, isici esiyinhloko okungukuthi ukwedlulisa ngokweqile izimbangela ezibangele.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi, ngokugxila emcabangweni ongcono, isiguli kunzima ukwenza ezinye imisebenzi, kunzima ukugxila.

Izici eziyinhloko

Yimiphi imibono eyigugu kakhulu? I-Psychiatry igcizelela izici zazo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:

- Imibono ivela ngesisekelo sezenzakalo zangempela.

- Ukubaluleka kokubheka imibono nezenzakalo ezibangele isiguli kuyinto enkulu kakhulu.

- Njalo ube nombala ozwakalayo ngokomzwelo.

- Isiguli singachaza abanye umbono.

- Umbono unesixhumanisi esiseduze nezinkolelo nezindinganiso zesiguli.

- Isiguli sifuna ukufakazela ukufaneleka kombono wakhe kwabanye, kuyilapho engaziphatha kabi.

- Umbono unomthelela oqondile ezenzweni zesiguli nemisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke. Singasho ukuthi konke umuntu akwenzayo ngandlela-thile kuhlobene nomqondo wakhe, othwala ukuthi ungubani.

- Uma ubonise imizamo ethile, kungenzeka ukuvimbela isiguli ngokuqondile komqondo.

- Isiguli sigcina ikhono lokuhlola ngokulinganayo ubuntu bakhe.

Imicabango enjalo ingavela yini kubantu abanempilo?

Imibono ewusizo kakhulu futhi eqotho ingavela kubantu abanempilo abangenayo ingcindezi yengqondo. Isibonelo, ososayensi abanomdlandla ngokuzikhandla kwabo futhi bazinikele kunoma yimuphi umqondo wesayensi abalungele ukuzinakekelwa yizintshisekelo zabo futhi ngisho nezintshisekelo zabantu abaseduze zingashiwo njengesibonelo.

Imibono ephakanyisiwe ibonakala ngokungaguquki, ayiyona inkinga ekuqapheliseni futhi angenzi umphathi wayo abe umuntu onharmonious. Abanye abagula ngengqondo, isibonelo, DA Amenitsky, babiza lolu hlobo lomqondo "olubaluleke kakhulu." Uma umuntu enombono ovelele, uzimisele kakhulu futhi ulungele ukwenza noma yini ukufakazela abantu abakuzungezile ukuthi ulungile.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-D.O. Gurevich ukholelwa ukuthi imibono evelele ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyinqwaba yezwi elizwakalayo: lingabonisa kuphela ukuphakama kokubukeka kwayo. Umcwaningi ukholelwa ukuthi imibono evelele kakhulu ihlale enezinhlamvu ze-pathology futhi yenza lowo muntu aphikisana, ahlasele amandla okuguquguquka futhi enze ukucabanga okungavumelani nokungenawo logijimi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umqondo ovelele ungathola uhlamvu oluyigugu kakhulu, futhi lokhu kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo oluthile lokugula ngengqondo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lokhu kungase kube ukungazi lutho: ukwahlulela kuqala ukulawula isimo sengqondo, kugcizelela ubuntu benduli kuye, futhi kuba uphawu lwe-mental disorder.

Imibono ephakeme futhi ekhohlisayo: ingabe kukhona umngcele ocacile?

Ayikho imibono ehlangene ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kokungcoliswa nemibono engaphezulu. Kunezikhundla ezimbili eziyinhloko kule nkinga:

- imibono eyinhloko, imibono evelele kakhulu nemibono evelele yizimpawu ezizimele;

- ayikho umehluko phakathi kokungahambi kahle nemibono engaphezulu.

Kungani lokhu kungaqiniseki kuphakama futhi yini ukucabanga kwengqondo yanamuhla? Imibono ehlonishwayo kanye nokukhohlisa akusho incazelo engavamile, futhi umngcele ocacile phakathi kwabo cishe awukwazi ukuqhuba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezincwadini zesayensi nasocwaningweni, lezi zici zivame ukuxubana futhi zibhekwa njengezifanayo. Isibonelo, izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zemibono eqondiswayo yizindawo eziphambili emzimbeni we-psyche, umbala ozwakalayo womzwelo, ikhono lokuvimbela isiguli ngokuqondile komqondo, kanye nokuqonda kwawo kwabanye. Nokho, izibonakaliso ezimbili zokuqala nazo ziyizimpawu zomqondo wokukhohlisa. Ezinye izitatimende ezikhohlisayo zeziguli nazo zingabonakala ziqondakala futhi zizwakala kahle. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ngesici esisodwa sokuhlukanisa: ikhono lokuqinisekisa isiguli ukuthi umbono wakhe uyiphutha. I-syndrome yemibono evelele kakhulu ibonakala yizo zonke ezingenhla, ngaphandle kwesiguli esingenakunyakaziswa sokuthi unelungelo lakhe. Endabeni ye-delirium, akunakwenzeka ukukholisa umuntu. Uma isiguli sithembele ezinkolelweni zakhe ezingenangqondo, singaphetha ngokuthi uzizwa engenangqondo.

Izimbangela zokubukeka

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma kuvele isibonakaliso, izici ezimbili zanele:

- Izici zobuntu zomuntu, okungukuthi, ukuthambekela kwemibono ephakeme. Njengomthetho, iziguli eziye zagcizelela kakhulu imibono ye-delusional, zinezimpawu zokulinganisa nezindinganiso ezithandwayo. Okusho ukuthi umuntu phakathi nokuphila kwakhe ubhekene nentshiseko.

- Isimo esithile, esisebenza njengendlela "yezinyathelo zokuqala" kokuqala kokwakhiwa komqondo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kunezimo zengqondo ezihlukumezayo: isibonelo, uma isihlobo somuntu sigula kakhulu, umqondo obaluleke ngokweqile ungase uvele mayelana nokunakekela impilo yakho siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni se-premorbid (isimo esibuhlungu), ubuntu kumele bube nezici eziphazamisayo nezizenzisi.

Ngakho-ke, i-syndrome yemibono eqondile iqala ngokuvumelana nemithetho efanayo nanoma iyiphi i-neurotic level disorder. Umuntu onesimo esithile sangaphambili, ukungena esimweni sengqondo, ahlakulele umbono othile, ongahambisani namanani nezinkolelo ezazikhona ngaphambili.

Okuqukethwe

Imibono evelele, ukuhlukaniswa okunikezwa ngezansi, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- Imibono yokuqalwa. Isiguli sikholelwa ukuthi singakwazi ukusungula ukujwayela okuzoshintsha impilo yabantu. Lo muntu ulungele ukunikezela sonke isikhathi sakhe ekudaleni izinto zakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi intshiseko enjalo ivame ukuletha imiphumela emihle.

- Imibono yokuguquguquka. Imibono enjalo ibonakala ukuthi isiguli sinethemba lokuthi uyakwazi ukushintsha umhlaba ukuze ube ngcono.

- Umbono wokuphinga. Umuntu uqinisekile ukuthi lo mlingani uyiphutha kuye. Kulesi simo, kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu ukufakazela lo mbono. Njengoba ubufakazi bokungathembeki bungabhekwa njengokubukeka kahle, ukulibaziseka kwamaminithi amahlanu emsebenzini noma ngisho nokubuka i-movie lapho umdlali omuhle edlala khona.

- Imibono ye- hypochondriacal kakhulu neyengqondo . Umuntu ukholelwa ukuthi unesifo esiyingozi. Uma odokotela bengenakuthola ubufakazi balo mqondo, isiguli siyoya ezikhungo ezintsha zezokwelapha futhi senze izinqubo zokuhlola ezibiza kakhulu ukufakazela icala lakhe.

Ukwehliswa: izici eziyinhloko

Kwezinye izimo, umqondo obaluleke kakhulu, izibonelo zawo ezinikezwe ngenhla, ungathola umlingisi we-delirium. I-Delirium iqoqo lezahlulelo ezingahlangani nhlobo. Imibono enomusa isusa ingqondo yesiguli, kuyilapho kungenakwenzeka ukumkholisa.

Okuqukethwe imibono ye-crazy kuhlotshaniswa njalo nezenzakalo ezungeze isiguli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugcwaliswa kwemibono kuyahlukahluka kusukela epoch kuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, imibono engacacile ehlobene nobuthakathi, ukuphoqa, ukubhuka, iso elibi, noma ukuphawula kwakuvame kakhulu. Lezi zinsuku, le mibono ithathwa njengamafomu we-arrikhi we-delirium. Ekhulwini le-XIX, iziguli zakha imibono yobuqili, okuqukethwe okuyinhloko okuyizinto zokuzibulala kanye nemicabango yesono sabo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imibono ye-hypochondriacal ilawulwa, kanye nemibono yokuphoqeka. Namuhla, iziguli zivame ukuba nemibono yoshushiso ezivela ezinsizeni eziyimfihlo, ukwesaba okukhulu kwezikhali ze-psychotropic ngisho nomqondo wokuthi umhlaba uzobhujiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi we-andron collider. I-delirium yokuziqhenya ishintshwe yi-delirium yethonya kusuka kubafokazi bezinye amaplanethi.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uma ukuvela kwemibono eqondile kuhlobene eduze nezenzakalo ezivela empilweni yesiguli, khona-ke lapho phambi kwe-delirium ukuthi kungani imibono inokuqukethwe okuthile, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo ze-delirium

Ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokuthuthukiswa kwemibono eyiphutha, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-delirium ziyahlukaniswa:

- Ukubonwa okudakayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziguli zibona ukuthi ziyabonakala. Ithola incazelo entsha futhi ivuse ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka ngisho nokwesaba.

- Umbono ojabulisayo, ovezwe ngokubonakala ngokungazelelwe kwemicabango engavamile noma imibono. Imibono enjalo ingase ingabi nalutho nalokho okuyiqiniso: isibonelo, isiguli sinquma ukuthi unguMesiya futhi kufanele sisindise umhlaba ekufeni okuseduze. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwethonya lalo hlobo lwemibono, ukuhlolwa kabusha kokuphila konke okudlule kwesiguli kuvame ukuqhutshwa.

- Ukuqondisisa okumnandi. Umuntu uqiniseke ukuthi waqonda incazelo yezinto zonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izincazelo zakhe ezibonakalayo zibonakala ziyinqaba emhlabeni wonke, zithandwa futhi azihambisani nanoma yimaphi amaqiniso.

Ukwehliswa kungahambisana nokuhlelwa kwemicabango: kulezi zimo kuthiwa yi "delirium hallucinatory". Imibono ephakanyisiwe ayike ihambisane nokuhlelwa. Njengomthetho, lesi sibonakaliso senzeke ezigulini eziphethwe yi-schizophrenia.

Okuqukethwe kwamanga

Ngokuvamile kaningi emisebenzini yesifo sengqondo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zemiqondo yokukhohlisa zenzeka:

- Ukungabi nalutho okungajwayelekile. Isiguli sigxile ekubhekiseni icala, sikhala ezinkantolo ukuze sikhombise icala lakhe, sibhala izikhalazo eziningi ezimweni ezehlukene. Kulokhu, angakhononda, isibonelo, kumakhelwane abambeka endlini yakhe noma ngisho nokufuna ukumbulala.

- I-delirium ye-reformism. Ngokusekelwe emibonweni engavamile futhi engavamile, isiguli sifuna ukushintsha isakhiwo sezombusazwe ezweni (noma ngisho nasemhlabeni) noma isakhiwo senhlalo yomphakathi.

- I-delirium yokwakheka. Iziguli zinikeza impilo yazo ekudaleni indlela, isibonelo, i-teleport, umshini wesikhathi noma umshini wokuhamba njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ukungenakwenzeka kokuqalwa kwamadivayisi anjalo. Ukuthenga imininingwane edingekayo kungasebenzisa ingxenye ebalulekile yesabelomali somndeni: umuntu okhululekile uzoshiya izingane zakhe ngaphandle kokubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze "aphile" indalo yakhe.

- Delirium yenkolo. Iziguli zinokuqonda okuphawulekayo kwenkolo. Isibonelo, umuntu ophethe i-delirium yenkolo uzibheka njengendodana kaNkulunkulu noma ukuphindukuzalwa okusha kweBuddha. E-schizophrenia, umuntu uzizwa eqiniseka ukuthi uNkulunkulu uhlangana njalo naye, unikeza iseluleko futhi amqondise.

- Megalomania, noma imibono yobuqili yobukhulu. Umuntu ugcizelela ukubaluleka kobuntu bakhe futhi ukholelwa ukuthi unethonya ngqo ezenzakalweni ezenzeka emhlabeni. Iziguli ezinjalo zingase zikholelwe ukuthi zenze ukuzamazama komhlaba kwelinye izwekazi noma zenze ukushayeka kwezindiza.

- Ukungazi lutho. Kulesi simo, i-delirium yomhawu iyabonakala emadodeni, futhi ukuthanda i-delirium, noma i-erotomania, kuvame ukubonwa kwabesifazane. I-delirium yomhawu iboniswa ngokukholelwa okuqinile ekungathembeki komlingani wakhe. Uma kukhona umqondo obaluleke ngaphezu kokuqukethwe komuntu, umuntu angakholelwa ukuthi uphutha, ngakho-ke nge-delirium akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu. Iziguli zingaqiniseka ukuthi lo mlingani uye wakwazi ukuwuguqula, eshiya imizuzu embalwa isinkwa. Lapho i-erotomania, isiguli siqiniseka ukuthi omunye umuntu uhlangabezana nemizwa yothando. Njengomthetho, lo muntu akajwayelene nesiguli: kungaba inkanyezi yebhizinisi yokubonisa, osombusazwe, umlingisi, njll. Ngothando lokunciphisa kunokwethenjelwa okungenakunyakaziswa ukuthi into ekhohlisayo imthumela izimpawu zangasese ngenkathi izingxoxo noma imibiko yakhe Ulwazi olufihliwe ezincwadini zabo noma ezixoxweni.

Indawo ekhethekile ibhekene nabaphishekeli bempilo: iziguli zinomkhuba wokulimaza abaphikisi babo abacabanga.

Ngakho-ke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe kwesiguli, isiguli esikukhohlisayo, nokuthi ubani onomqondo owedlula zonke. I-Psychiatry iphakamisa ukugxila endimeni yombono engqondweni yesiguli nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini ukuba ambuze imibuzo yakhe siqu.

I-delirium engapheli futhi elula

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-delirium - ezinzima futhi ezingapheliyo. Ngokwemvelo, nge-delirium engapheli izimpawu zihambisana nesiguli isikhathi eside, ize ngaphandle kwethonya lokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa. E-delirium enzima, izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo futhi masinyane.

I-delirium engapheli inemiphumela eminingi engafanele, efaka:

- Ukukhwabanisa. Imibono ephuthumayo ingenza isiguli sikhohlise abanye ukufakazela ukufaneleka kwabo. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezikholelwa ku-messianism yazo zihlela amasonto onke, ziqoqa "iminikelo" emangalisayo emhlambini.

- Ubufakazi bamanga enkantolo: isiguli siyaqiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma iqiniso, kuyilapho engaqinisekisa kalula icala lakhe kumtshina wamanga.

- I-Vagrancy: ngaphansi kwethonya lamanga, isiguli singaqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila yangasese.

- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezenzelwe (amalungu) omndeni wesiguli. Vala abantu bangajoyina imibono eyiphutha yesiguli, ikakhulu uma ikwazi ukubonakala kahle, iphefumlelwe abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono yokukhohliswa, isiguli singenza ubugebengu obukhulu, isibonelo, ukubulala umuntu, sinquma ukuthi uzame ukuphila kwakhe noma izimpilo zabathandekayo bakhe. Ngokuvamile ukubulawa kwenziwa yiziguli ezinokukhwabanisa komhawu, zikholelwa ngokuqinile ekungathembeki komlingani. Kulokhu, ukuhlukunyezwa kungaqondiswa kokubili kumlingani "oguquliwe," nalokho okusolakala ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi komthelela we-delirium, umuntu angazibulala: lokhu kuvame ukungena ekukhohlisweni kokuzilahla. Ngakho-ke, uma umqondo ogqamile obaluleke kakhulu ovela esigulini, ukwelashwa kufanele kube ngokushesha: ngaphandle kwalokho umuntu angazilimaza yena nabanye. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zezokwelapha, lapho isiguli siqashwe khona ngehora.

Overvalued futhi okuyize, kuningi ezifana ngakho. Akulesi endaweni evelele in ukwazi lesiguli, nokumphoqelela ukwenza ngendlela ethile, kuthinte lithathelwe emphakathini. Nokho, delirium kubhekwa disorder kakhulu, uma ukuba khona umqondo overvalued yomuntu kungenziwa siqiniseke ukuthi kuyinto iphutha, izinkolelo kokudumazeka zinyamalale kuphela emva kokwelashwa wezokwelapha. Ngesikhathi umbhedo efanayo njalo kwenzeka njengoba uphawu lokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo, njengoba imibono overvalued kungavuka abantu enempilo. деи, имеющие характер сверхценности, со временем могут развиваться и приобретать черты бреда, поэтому их появление требует немедленного обращения к специалистам в области психиатрии и психотерапии. Futhi dei kokuba uhlamvu overvalued, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaqala futhi ukuthola izici delirium, ngakho ukubukeka kwabo zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha wezifo zengqondo kanye ukwelashwa kwengqondo Ochwepheshe.

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