Imizimba ezincane ngaphakathi cytoplasm cell. Igama, uhlobo uya khona

Namhlanje uzofunda indlela esibizwa izidumbu ezincane ngaphakathi lo cytoplasm cell. Siphinde ukukunikeza ukugqamisa injongo yabo nezinhlobo. Ngakho, inkunzi encane, atholakala cytoplasm wamangqamuzana, okuthiwa plastids. Bangabantu izingxenye ebalulekile cell. Plastids abaluleke kakhulu, indima yabo kubaluleke kunamanye cell organelles.

Ngokuphathelene iseli, a unit isakhi zonke elisizungezile. Zonke izinto eziphilayo, futhi umuntu ngokwakhe - a "umklami" wadala nge amaseli. Amancane kakhulu, ngeso lenyama abacabanga ukuthi ayinakwenzeka. Ukwazana lokuqala ne cell kanye organelles yayo kwenzeka esafunda esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, ngenkathi abafundi bamenyiwe okokuqala ukusebenza ngesibonakhulu. Ngakho, siye kuncike yethu eyinhloko.

plastids

Sesike wathi esethulweni izidumbu ezincane ngaphakathi cytoplasm sezitokisi, le plastids ke. Ziyakwazi organelles ebaluleke kakhulu iseli isitshalo. Bona ingatholakala izitshalo Autotrophic. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi plastids yilezi:

• DNA;
• RNA;
• amaphetheni ngoba amaprotheni zamagama.

Ngokusekelwe ezingenhla, singabona ukuhlukanisa eziyisisekelo umsebenzi plastids. Predictably, a zamagama izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ngokuphathelene izinhlobo okulandelayo:

• chloroplast;
• chromoplasts;
• leucoplasts;
• chromatophores (ulwelwe).

Bonke babe injongo ezahlukene kanye nombala, njengoba ifomu ngalinye has sombala ayo ethize. Ake silungise bese wenza isiphetho esifushane: imizimba ezincane ngaphakathi cytoplasm yengqamuzana - plastids. Bonke akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi yizigaba ezine (ngombala futhi umsebenzi). Umsebenzi oyinhloko hlobo ngamunye - a zamagama izinto eziningi eziphilayo.

chloroplast

Green imizimba ezincane ngaphakathi cytoplasm kwamaseli - ke chloroplast. umbala kangakanani kuncike ekutheni i-chlorophyll, lo mbala ekhona plastid. Enye libizwa sombala carotenoid kokuba umbala owolintshi. Kubalulekile wazi yokuthi Ubukhulu yabo incane kakhulu, ngesisekelo salokhu, chloroplast kucecevu cell kungaba engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Thina waveza ukuthi ulwelwe babe plastids ngokuthi chromatophores, futhi ngakho, bona zihlukaniswa yisayizi emikhulu, zingabantu yezinyoni kungaba 2 kuphela.

Lapha kufanele uqaphele umsebenzi oyinhloko chloroplast, esakhiwa ekufezeni-photosynthesis.

chromoplasts

Ngakho, inkunzi encane, atholakala cytoplasm wamangqamuzana, okuthiwa plastids. Sithole izinhlobo ezinkulu manje ukunikela halamuzi chromoplasts. Zingaba imibala eziningana:

• eziphuzi;
• orange;
• obomvu.

Singathola kubo hhayi kuphela amaqabunga, kodwa futhi isithelo noma amacembe. Chromoplasts isakhiwo akuhlukile isakhiwo nezinye plastids. I-matrix yakhiwa base amaprotheni, DNA kanye pigments.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko - is amehlo izinambuzane nezilwane ukuthi badle izithelo, njengoba izithelo chromoplasts udayi futhi izimbali ngemibala egqamile.

leucoplasts

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi plastids lingashitshashitsha ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngakho, leucoplast - uhlobo ngukhokho chloroplast. Ngokuqinisekile sonke sike sibe nayo izitshalo ekhaya. Uma banayo ukukhanyisa abampofu, umbala leaf Uphaphathekile aphuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli yalezi izitshalo leucoplasts samanje. Uma nibulala isitshalo engena ekukhanyeni, bese leucoplasts ibe chloroplast ke lesi sitshalo iyoba umbala ocebile oluhlaza.