Izimoto, Amaloli
Imoto ZIS-150: Ukucaciswa, incazelo, izithombe
Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ufile phansi, futhi ezweni elikhulu waqala ukuba alulame. Nakuba entula kakhulu amaloli ukukhanya. Futhi enjalo udaliwe. Lokhu ZIS-150. Naphezu umthamo wayo elincane, wadlala indima enkulu ekubuyiselweni neminye imisebenzi.
Umlando sokudalwa
Imoto yokuqala sehla umugqa ukukhiqizwa ekuqaleni kuka-1948. Encwadini zwe elikhulukazi emikhulu sokubuyiselwa enikeziwe, kanye kabusha wonke umnotho. It is kuhlelwe ukwenza ngesivinini kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1950, okwaphumela ukudalwa izimoto ezintsha commercial.
Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ZIS-150 - iloli ezisetshenziswa umphakathi ngokugcwele amathani afinyelela ku-4. Kusekelwe ochwepheshe abone ukufana ne imodeli American International, okuyinto yakhishwa ngo-1941. Njengamanje, ngisho ngasinda ukukhangisa kanye emaphepheni ngalokhu imoto.
Umlando uyazi ukuthi ukuba kuphinde kuthuthukiswe uchungechunge American, kodwa eSoviet Union wadedelwa mayelana 700 000 izimoto lokhu brand. Lesi sibalo ezethulwa ngaphandle kucatshangelwa analogs ahlukahlukene, olutholakalayo eYurophu kungaphansi kwelayisensi.
ZIS-150 kungalandelwa ngokugcwele zonke okulindelwe uhulumeni futhi wabonisa ngokuphelele ngokwayo emnothweni kazwelonke. Ukuqatjhwa ngesikhathi imoto kwaba kakhulu impela.
Ngitjho nangaphambi kobana ipi
I ZIS-5 abadumile lakhiwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. amasampula lokuqala ZIS-15 yaqala ukubonakala kusukela ngo-1938 kuya 1940. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-idizayini sabekwa ikhono uthuthukise. Kwakunokwenzeka ukwandisa umthamo, amandla, platform osayizi, kanye nenduduzo. Kodwa konke lokhu kufanele atshalwe isizukulwane esilandelayo.
I Onjiniyela owabeke umsebenzi ukudala iloli elisha, futhi okungenani hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa abhekana ngayo lo msebenzi.
Lokukhipha ochungechungeni
Ngemva kwempi, zaziyindlala eliphezulu ingxubevange steel. Futhi kufika iloli lokuqala yadalwa nge eshaweni elula metal nezinkuni. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 ezihlukanisa amahhovisi washintsha injalo futhi waba ngokuphelele steel. I somoya yakhiwa halves ezimbili. ingilazi Kwesobunxele kususwe - ke isicelo mshini rocker.
Iloli kwaba ifakwe amandla iyunithi 5.5 amalitha futhi amandla 90 "amahhashi". Ngenxa yalesi injini, onjiniyela yavuzwa kakhulu Umklomelo State. Khona-ke, i-ukukhululwa kwe-ZIS-150 Umqondisi Likhachev isitshalo lase futhi ukhishwa umklomelo.
ukubukeka
prototype okusha lokuqala okuthiwa ZIS-150. I gumbi kwadingeka Izinsimbi tapered. Umklamo kakhulu efana "Opel-Blitz". Kodwa iloli namaSoviet "Opel" akukho izibopho zomkhaya elalingazange. Vele usebenzise ukudala ezinye imininingwane iloli pre-impi PT-7.
Ngemva konyaka, sanquma ukwenza restyling cab. Lapha futhi sabona ukufana ngezimoto American kusukela Mvuni.
1945 ephawulekayo emlandweni walo mshini Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lena ngonyaka kuqala kuboniswe ababukeli. Kwakuyisikhathi sibonelo, okwakubekelwa embukisweni embukisweni yezimboni.
Cabin ngemva restyling
Arundhati entsha bekulokhu metal ngokuphelele. ophahleni kanye emuva odongeni ngci, aphambi komtshina wayo Ubuye zihlale zifudumele.
Njengoba izibuko e izimoto zokuqala kule mboni usebenzisa eyisitezi ingilazi okuyinto kwahluka ungqimba Celluloid. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi kwadingeka komhiaba ukwakha fade futhi izinhlayiya zeqhwa ngenxa izimo sezulu kanye kwezulu. Yingakho ngo-1953, baqala ukusebenzisa ingilazi omnene. It libhekene amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngeke delaminate.
I Wiper somoya ofakelwe. Wasebenzisa ukusebenzela emoyeni onomfutho. idrayivu yakhe ixhunywe ohlelweni ukubopha. Ukuze uyivule, umshayeli eyayidingeka ukuze uphendukisa isilawuli knob ekhethekile. Lokhu ashukumisa emabhulashini ezimbili. Uma ukushintshanisa ikhanda angashintsha isiqondiso ibhulashi. Le ndlela yokwenza nako kuye kwaba isigwedlo ekhethekile elikuvumela ukugijima emabhulashini umsebenzi ngesandla futhi ziyise isikhundla ekupheleni.
Ngemoto ZIS-150 uhlelo lokuqala kwadingeka ezimbili Wiper. Kwakubuye kube nabalawuli ezimbili, okungase kufakwe ngokwehlukile.
Ukuze angabiki Engxenyeni ingilazi yesibili sathola ithuba ukuvula. Futhi, ngaphambi ingilazi kwaba dweba ekhethekile. Uphahla, futhi angavulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, onjiniyela baye benza ipeni ukumboza dweba ukupholisa.
kudeshibhodi
Njengoba kudeshibhodi lasebenzisa enye ipuleti ezivamile, elihlanganisa izinkomba amaningi, wokulinganisa ahlukahlukene kanye namadivayisi control. Maphakathi ungabona umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane kanye odometer.
Kuze 1953 washiya kuyi-dashboard wawusegunjini thermometer okubonisa izinga lokushisa kwe-kokupholisayo. Kwesokudla - inkomba fuel level. Inkomba ebonisa ugongolo main kwaba esikalini we umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane.
platform
ZIS-150 lakhiwa phezu platform lokhuni enezinto. ubude bayo babuzingalo 3540 mm ububanzi babuyizingalo 250 mm. Iyalayisha Ukuphakama kwawo bekuziikubhite 1320 mm. IBhodi wayebuye 584 mm ukuphakama.
Ngaphambili ibhodi umiselwe esebenzisa struts ezintathu, owawusedolobheni ngu-engeli amabili zazo efakwe uzimele. Side ezindongeni iloli ezazilengiswe kokuhlanganisayo. Ukuqeda kungenzeka ehle, onjiniyela ukuba kwaluqinisa nemigoqo side.
Tailgate yanamathela kokuhlanganisayo ezintathu. Izikhiye babe Espagnolette isimiso. Yingaleso elula ukuxhumanisa umthwalo nemigoqo cross abangu izingwegwe ekhethekile.
Engxenyeni kwesokudla yesikhulumi yayinkulu ibhokisi ekhethekile lapho umshayeli uyakwazi ukugcina amathuluzi esindayo, noma yimuphi omunye imishini komgwaqo.
I chassis siqukethe imishayo ezimbili longitudinal futhi ezinhlanu transverse, okuyinto abethela ndawonye izibopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho izibopho kerchiefs ayeba. Njengoba onjiniyela chassis esetshenziswa isizukulwane wokugcina - imodeli 15-th.
izinjini
Model ZIS-150 kwaba ifakwe iyunithi efanayo 5-chungechunge, bese-15. Lapho yakhe Abafakaza 101,6 mm lokhu injini umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli waba ivolumu 5.5 amalitha. It ngo-1950, ngemva kokuba of ukulungiswa ukufakwa uphethiloli nenye entsha kusukela carburetor falling ukusakaza, kanye ezininginingi entsha ngokuphelele itheku bakwazi ukwandisa isilinganiso kokucindezelwa - umthamo yayo anda ukuze 95 amalitha. a.
Esikhathini uchungechunge lokuqala, ngoba zonke ezinhle imoto kwadingeka ngempela kusimo abalulekile. Long kushaft driveline kwadingeka amandla ababuthakathaka wekhasi, futhi kwaba abagxeka inombolo linemibhikisho. Ngokuvamile Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi uma ushayela ekwehleni inombolo linemibhikisho kwaba siphezulu kunamanye kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka. Cardan kushaft amakhefu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Wasengenisa labhidlika ukubopha actuator - imoto kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuyeka. Ukuhlola isimo, ochwepheshe kwakungasekho okunye, njengoba amandla ukwehlisa ijubane ukuze 2400 rev / imiz.
ukudluliswa
Nale injini esebenza a gearbox emihlanu isivinini, kanye kabili kudiski bamba. Ibhokisi futhi izindlu ukubopha ukudluliswa disc. Dlulisa icala lalinabashumayeli izingcula ezintathu.
ZIS-150: Imininingwane
Oluvala amasondo - 4 x 2. Umkhawulo umthwalo isisindo salokhu imoto kwaba 4 m Machine isisindo kwaba 3.900 kg .. Wheelbase - 4000 mm. Ground imvume - 265 mm. I speed esiphezulu ukuthi ingafinyelelwa le moto ngesikhathi 65 km / h, kanti ijubane wawumncane. Fuel ukusetshenziswa kwaba mayelana 38 amalitha / km 100. Le modeli nge ithangi egcwele uzisibekele ibanga 4000 km. CAT - a-speed ezinhlanu, futhi igiya yesihlanu ukuthi kuyashesha.
Steering kwaba isibungu globoid nge trehgrebnevym roller. Uhlelo ukubopha siqukethe sigubhu amabhuleki. amabhuleki drive womoya kwaba. Uhlelo ukumiswa - entwasahlobo uhlobo labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngesikhathi misa, iziphethu ezimbili ezengeziwe efakiwe.
kuphila okufushane
Lokhu Soviet steel umshini ZIS-150 kwaba kafushane Olympus vertices. It wakhishwa ukukhiqizwa ngo-1957. Kodwa eziningi ezahlukene ze sekwakhiwe ngesisekelo zalolu hlobo locingo. Kuyoze kube phakade thina ekhiqizwa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 827. Lezi amaloli. Lezi zimoto ezisetshenziswa kulo ukubuyisela umnotho kazwelonke. It kwathathelwa indawo Zil-164, okuyinto kwaba cishe okufanayo isakhiwo kanye nomklamo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Soviet Union ukwenziwa lamazwe iphuma, e China nezinye ekhiqizwa ZIS-150, ukudweba kula mazwe ithole kungaphansi kwelayisensi. Ukukhiqizwa usumisiwe Romania, futhi China kwaba omunye amaloli ethandwa kakhulu. Ngakho, sathola ikakhulukazi ZIS Soviet 150.
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