Coefficient ngokuhambisa ukuxabana futhi kweqa

Ezimweni eliwumhlaba yimuphi umzimba ezihambayo (noma eza in motion) nabo ezungezile noma izidakamizwa nezinye iinhlangano. Kulokhu, amabutho ziphakame ekwazi ukumelana ukunyakaza kwabo. La mandla abizwa ngokuthi ngomshikisho amabutho bona uthumele ingxenye amandla mechanical motion ibe amandla angaphakathi, okuyinto kuhambisana Ukushisa imigwamanda kanye imvelo.

Friction kuyinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Okungaphakathi (esibizwa ngenye viscosity) kuyinto okuvela kuyo amabutho tangential phakathi ezihambayo uketshezi noma igesi ungqimba evimbela lokhu ukunyakaza.

Ngokuphambene, ngomshikisho zangaphandle kwenzeka ngesikhathi contact kwezinto eziqinile ngesimo amandla tangential kwamanzi futhi ukuvimba ukunyakaza zabo bobabili. Ke, ngesikhathi, ihlukaniswe static (ngomshikisho static) kanye kinematic. ngomshikisho Static livela uma uzama ukuhambisa isihlobo umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye umile. Kinematic ukhona ngaphakathi kweenhlangano ezihambayo, e ukuxhumana nomunye. ngomshikisho sangaphandle zingahlukaniswa zibe ngomshikisho ugingqe ngokuhambisa.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ngokomzimba friction? Kuyasiza noma elimazayo? Uma uthi nhlá, ukungqubuzana kuvimbela kuphela nathi ukugqoka izingxenye zemishini, ezimoto, izicathulo ematheni kahle, njll Futhi ukusungulwa .. ezinyakazayo Esiphakade nje akunakwenzeka ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Kodwa bheka eduze eduze. Friction zinyamalale - singakwazi futhi ningalandeli noma incwadi phezulu noma aqhele imoto noma ayeke ezihambayo. Inani elikhulu of imihlola ngokomzimba emhlabeni kusekelwe ukuhilizisana. I impumelelo ezimbili eziyinhloko lesintu eziye eliyindilinga ukuthuthukiswa impucuko - ukukhiqizwa lomlilo kokusungulwa isondo - ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwalo.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kusekelwe semfene kwanoma iyiphi emizimbeni: eyodwa notch in contact njalo basingatha maholoholo kobuso nezinye. Ukuze uthole ngokuphelele bushelelezi (isib ophucuziwe ngokucophelela) evele uvalwe eduze komunye nomunye, imithetho friction yamangqamuzana esekelwe sisakhangana yezinhlayiya.

Ukutadisha isayensi ngomshikisho tribology. Ngo-1781, isazi sesayensi yemvelo French C. Coulomb washayelwa imithetho eyisisekelo friction ezomile. Empirically, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amandla ngomshikisho iyona F, okwenzeka ngesikhathi beya, ngokuqondile wakhona amandla ayisukumele umzimba N ingcindezi evamile. Lobu buhlobo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

N: F = k ∙ N;

lapho k ubuningi - ngomshikisho Coefficient (Coefficient ezilinganiselwe). Inani layo yabalelwa kanje: Umzimba ibekwe phezu indiza enalokho kuthambekela futhi ngokutshekisa wavela ngokunyakaza iyunifomu. Kulokhu, ukungqubuzana amandla F uyalingana the yisandla ka P:

F = P ∙ wesono;

Amandla N (evamile ingcindezi amandla) uyalingana P ∙ cos a; ngenxa yalokho k = TG a. Coefficient friction ilapha tangent ye-engeli ebusweni ukuthambekela lapho umzimba slide nombala, isb. E. At ijubane njalo.

Ngo umkhuba, inani layo ingabalwa cishe kuphela. Ingaphezulu umzimba, ngokuvamile elithile noma ngenye indlela ingcoliswe kukhona oxides, nokugqwala nezinye amanyela. ngomshikisho Coefficient kunqunywa for inhlanganisela pairwise ngezinto ezahlukene ngu ucwaningo, is busuka ekhethekile inkomba amatafula.

Rolling ngomshikisho ubangelwa yokuthi isondo ezihambayo kancane ocindezelwe komzila womgwaqo, isb. E. It has ukunqoba sokwelusa umhlambi omncane. I nzima emgwaqeni, ngaphansi le Bump nokuncane ngomshikisho amandla. Inani layo ibalwa kulokhu ifomula: F = k ∙ N / r, lapho r - ukubaluleka engaba isondo. Ngenxa yalokho, ugingqe ngomshikisho Coefficient has isici obuphelele. Ngokuvamile lubonakaliswa amasentimitha njengoba kuqhathaniswa elislayidayo ngomshikisho Coefficient, okuyinto eliningi dimensionless.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yangaphakathi ngomshikisho Coefficient ongagcini nje ukuba ukudla okuqinile kodwa futhi ukuba uketshezi. I hydraulics ivame okudingeka ukubala ethize amandla ukulahlekelwa kumasistimu wokubacindezela zingaveli amapayipi. Bona bangabezwe; izinhlobo ezimbili: ukulahlekelwa ku obuphelele sivela e amapayipi ngqo nge flow iyunifomu, futhi ukulahlekelwa wendawo ngenxa - ukugeleza ukusonteka ngenxa yezinguquko isiteshi umumo (ukusikwa, ukunwetshwa, ukujikeleza). ukulahlekelwa umfutholuketshezi zibalwa ngokusebenzisa ukubaluleka efanayo, okuthiwa "Coefficient friction wokubacindezela".