Impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Heavy "Kunyatheliswa Oygen": izici eziyinhloko. Prinz Eugen (1938)

impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Heavy "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" kwaba ukuziqhenya ngoxhaxha eJalimane lobuNazi. He is esinamandla ngesikhathi kolwandle, wenza zonke izidingo zanamuhla futhi enye ukusebenza okuhamba phambili phakathi yempi ka seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Nokho, isiphetho kulomkhumbi kwakuhluke kakhulu edabukisayo. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani yayiyini impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo "Kunyatheliswa Oygen", izici zako ezisemqoka kanye nomlando kwaze kwaba sekufeni.

Umlando sokudalwa

impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German Prinz Eugen yadalwa Engxenyeni-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka lesibili. Ukuze udale ke wangena ngisemsebenzini German Krupp Germaniawerft uHenry ngoNovemba 1935. Lokhu nkampani yasungulwa usomabhizinisi Lloyd Foster e 1867 e Gaarden, eduze Kiel, esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu, ngaphambi ukuvela ohlanganisiwe Empire German sekubusa Prussia. Ekuqaleni inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Nyakatfo-German inkampani ukwakhiwa." Ngo-1896 kwathiwa zitholwa omunye osomabhizinisi acebe Germany - Krupps umndeni. Shipyard ekhiqizwa imikhumbi yamasosha kodwa futhi abangekho empini hhayi kuphela. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka, weza endaweni sesibili supply izitsha German Imperial Navy. Phakathi Okokuqala Umhlaba enikeziwe ibutho nemikhumbi-ngwenya.

"Kunyatheliswa Oygen" kwakufanele abe umkhumbi wesithathu uhlelo isiJalimane, zanyatheliswa ngazo Cruisers elisindayo "Admiral Hipper". Lolu chungechunge has imikhumbi emibili sebededeliwe - "Admiral Hipper" 1937 kwakhiwa, ngemva kubani wonke umugqa lwemikhumbi waziwa khona, kanye "Blucher" okufanayo imodeli ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakufanele eyakhelwe Cruisers ezimbili - ". Seidlitz" "Lützow" futhi Kodwa kwakungafanele okwamanje isilungele ekupheleni kwempi. Lapho wokwakha "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" wathola kophawu u "J".

Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-Ephreli 1936 futhi yathatha iminyaka engu cishe izingalo ezimbili nengxenye. Kubita yengcebo German ku imali eyizigidi ezingu-109 Reichsmarks. Ukuze uqhathanise, inani le "County" umkhumbi British uhlobo efanayo izikhathi 2.5 ezincane. Ekugcineni, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" wethulwa ngo-August 1938, kodwa esinqumweni zonke izingxenye yangaphakathi nemishini edingekayo iminyaka emibili. Ngenxa yalokho, i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ekugcineni laqala ukusebenza Navy-German kuze Agasti 1940.

Igama impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu

igama German lakhe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" kwaba behlonipha umlawuli enkulu isimo Austria Habsburg angaphandle XVII-XVIII eminyaka, Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo. Nakuba yena wayevela kwelinye yokubusa-Italy e lokuzalwa izinduna Duke futhi wazalwa ngo-Paris, kodwa iningi izimpumelelo zakhe ezivelele, ikakhulukazi izenzo baphumelele Impi Ye Succession iSpanishi futhi inkampani Turkish, ziye limbiwa inkonzo umqhele Austria. Phakathi ukunqoba kwakhe okukhulu njengoba ukaputeni kulandela impi: impi ye Szente (1697), ibonisa ukuthi ukuvinjezelwa eTurin (1706), Battle of Malplaquet (1709), ukuyiswa Belgrade (1717).

Vele-1938, kwaba khona inhliziyo Anschluss (wadla) Austria iJalimane. Lokhu kwethulwa inkulumo undlovukayiphikiswa we Ukuhlangana isizwe. Ukuze sikubonise ubunye eJalimane nase-Austria, kwanqunywa ukuba igama umkhumbi entsha yokudumisa ovelele umkhuzi Austria. Inkazimulo Evgeniya Savoyskogo wawuzoba sokuhle ukunqoba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Ngakho umkhumbi Prinz Eugen kusukela ngo-1938 neyasemhlabeni.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Kwakuyimuphi omunye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" e matemu?

ubude balo 199,5 m nge imishini esezingeni, futhi 207,7 m at ngokugcwele. Lokufuduka bomkhumbi engu-14 506 m nge tooling ejwayelekile, kanye 19.042 m - egcwele. Ububanzi umkhumbi -. 21,7 m isivinini impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu safinyelela ifindo 32, okuyinto zazilingana 59,3 km / h. Inani umthamo we ezintathu umusi abaphehla ugesi kanye boilers nambili umkhumbi - 132.000 amahhashi, noma 97 MW. Okusalungiswa Prinz Eugen isitsha zazisuka 5.9 kuya 7.2 m. Ijubane 16 ifindo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu bangase bakwazi ukubhukuda ayimi at ibanga ayizinkulungwane 6.8. Miles. Amatilosi zipheleliswa team in the abantu 1400-1600, owawungumnyaka impela eningi kule ekilasini isitsha.

zempi ukujiya ku kwemibhoshongo ukufinyelela 160 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waba thinnest kwi emphemeni - 30 mm, futhi phezu amabhodi - 40 mm. zempi ukujiya phezu unqamula futhi Barbet zazilingana 80 mm.

"Kunyatheliswa Oygen" kwaba ifakwe lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu ngesikhathi izimpahla ezisebenza ngogesi, ikhwalithi ezingasetshenziswa ngiziqhayise, akubona bonke yempi emhlabeni. Ukuthola Ikakhulukazi kwakwaziwa kusho ukwazi ukuthola isitha phezu kolwandle, esibhakabhakeni, nangaphansi kwamanzi. Emkhunjini babe amakhompyutha ngisho analog. Nokho, ngokuchichima electronics futhi ngezinye izikhathi wadlala ihlaya ezimbi ne impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha has namanje izinkinga eziningi, kanti ezinye zaziba ngokucacile "eluhlaza." Kodwa ngisho kunjalo, inqubo yokugcwalisa umkhumbi yayingekho efana Europe.

izikhali

amandla Combat akubanga iphuzu eqinile emkhunjini Prinz Eugen. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu ukuntula ukuthi inxephezelwa kungenzeka ebona isilawuli umlilo njengoba kuqhathaniswa nezinye isitsha futhi ukutholakala izindlela zesimanje ukuthola lesitha.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali emkhunjini lalinabashumayeli eziyisishiyagalombili wezikhali amagobolondo osezingeni 203 mm, nambili jikelele anti-aircraft wezikhali izibhamu osezingeni 105 mm, eziyisithupha izibhamu okuzenzakalelayo osezingeni 37 mm, eziyishumi - 20 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwadingeka torpedo amashubhu ezine osezingeni 533 mm izinhlamvu nge 12 torpedoes. Air Iqembu kwakuba isiqalisi womoya kanye kwesimo endaweni seaplanes ezine.

Impi yokuqala

Ukubhapathizwa umkhumbi umlilo "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" Kwakuphakathi impi kolwandle, yaziwa ngokuthi impi Denmark Strait.

Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala ngomkhumbi olwandle oluvulekile ngo-May 1941. Hambo uphelezelwe nguNgqongqoshe abachithi ezimbili, kanye izithiyo eziningana proryvateley. Ngokushesha, "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" wajoyina nomunye umkhumbi abadumile kweMpi Yezwe II - yempi "Bismarck". nohambo lwabo ndawonye wawunqamula le Denmark Strait.

Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi ezinkantolo German uvimbele imikhumbi British. May 24, 1941 kwaba khona impi phakathi kwazo. imikhumbi eziningana British babhujiswa empini, yempi "Bismarck" lilimele, besika strait ayengakwenza Prinz Eugen. Lo mkhumbi waphuma ifinyelele eNorth Sea. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ukwenza imali ukuthunjwa isitha imikhumbi yezohwebo wehluleka. Ngo-June 1941, ngemva wemaviki lamabili nohambo lwabo lwasolwandle, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wafika ethekwini ka Brest, elawulwa Wehrmacht amabutho.

Buyela Germany

Kodwa e Brest "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" nezinye imikhumbi-German babelokhu ngaphansi ingozi nolokubhujiswa ngenxa yezikhathi air kuphangwa leBritain. Ngo-1942, kwanqunywa ukuba ubuyele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ne yempi "Gneisenau" futhi "Sharnhost" izintuba German. Lo mcimbi ukuze ifohle iye osebeni lweChibi lwakubo wabizwa ngokuthi "Operation Cerberus."

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi ekhaya ukubuya abalihlasela ngokuphindaphindiwe imikhumbi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu izindiza kanye kwesitha sayo, namanje ephethwe izinsuku ezintathu akuphelele ukufinyelela emlonyeni uMfula i-Elbe. Ukusebenza kungaba kubhekwe kuphothulwe ngempumelelo. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa ikhefu okungakaze kwakwakhiwa ngokusebenzisa i-English Channel, ilungelo ngaphansi amakhala waseBritish Lasemoyeni kanye Navy. Ukufohla kumaka ukunqoba zokuziphatha yama-Jalimane futhi kwaqinisa umoya wabo. Nakuba ukufohla yamasu kokulahlekelwa eJalimane ngaleso simo ulwandle akuzange kwenzeke.

Emanzini Baltic Sea

Esigabeni esilandelayo "iSikhulu Eugen" imisebenzi ehambisana nokuba e amanzi Baltic Sea, nalapho efike waphelela khona maduze aphonswe.

Awukwazi ukushayela le nkathi emlandweni we Cruisers ekhazimulayo. Eqinisweni, ngalesi sikhathi afike wakhonza khona njengenceku gunboats enkulu aseBaltic, nakuba Yiqiniso, kwakungeyona uya khona yakhe yasekuqaleni. Ikakhulu "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" ezikhiqizwa shelling ogwini elalihlala isitha. Ngisho kwadingeka nomlilo lolwandle ayo futhi base. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela lokho okwenzeka lokha Red Army ayesesha esondela eduze kwaleli Gotenhafenu. Khona-ke ukuhlasela wahlupheka ngisho ezingomakhelwane eDanzig (namuhla Gdansk ePoland). Esikhathini esifanayo ukhona, lo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu waya raid ugu lweNyakatho Norway.

Kwathi kuye futhi absurdities. Ngakho, "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" rammed nje kwesokunxele echwebeni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German "Leipzig".

Ngo-April 1945, "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" wathunyelwa inhloko-dolobha Denmark - Copenhagen. Kukhona wahlala kuze ukusayina sokunikela German.

Imiphumela empini

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni German lalinethemba ngokuba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kunyatheliswa Oygen", ukuze bathethelele umkhumbi yawo yayingaphelele fated. Lo mkhumbi besihloselwe izimpi e-Atlantic Ocean US kanye UK imikhumbi, kodwa esikhathini esiningi wahamba njengoba gunboat e oLwandle iBaltic. Ikakhulu lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi eJalimane akazange ukuphatha ukuphoqelela sina impi umbimbi kolwandle. Kriegsmarine (Navy ka-Third Reich) kusobala kunabayeni amandla lasemanzini laseBrithani, ngokuqinile ophethe igunya olwandle European.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekupheleni kwempi Kwatholakala ukuthi "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" ayikwazanga ukucwila yimuphi omunye imikhumbi isitha. Nakuba Kulimale omunye kubabulali, UK futhi bekhathazekile a izindiza kweshumi isitha. Kodwa kumelwe kube kungalungile ukusho ukuthi isitha akakwazanga ukumkhokhela okungenani umonakalo ezithile ezibalulekile. Kodwa ekupheleni kwempi izinhlamvu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu iphelile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-8 intshi amagobolondo osezingeni izibhamu eJalimane liphela ngaphezulu 1942. 203 mm ubukhulu projectiles, okwakukhona kulo oyinhloko Cruisers ibhodi kukhona esingaphansi amane.

Singasho ukuthi isenzo "Prince Eugen" in the Baltic Sea, lapho afike achitha khona iningi izindaba yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane zenyuka zithutha, ayefana ngokudubula ondlunkulu nge inganono. impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Heavy lokhu usayizi kanye imishini yezobuchwepheshe kwakubiza kakhulu iphrojekthi akhonza 'njengesigqila gunboats kunazozonke oLwandle iBaltic. " Kodwa feat kunazozonke umkhumbi kwakuseza, ngemva kwempi isiqedile. On kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Njengengxenye US Navy

Ngemva yokubuyiswa eJalimane ngo-May 1945, "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" yanikwa United States ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano Potsdam. Ngo-January 1946 wathunyelwa Bremen futhi wajoyina US Navy. Nokho, lapho ethola isimo non-combat isikebhe, kodwa kuphela ukuhlolwa ngaphandle komkhumbi. Umyalo we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wayiswa uCaptain 1st Rank A. Graubartu ukuthi, naphezu yisakhamuzi American, khona-German yobuhlanga.

Ngokushesha impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wahamba ngomkhumbi enqamula, nalapho ayengavunyelwe khona ukuba idluliselwe kusuka Bremen kuwo umuzi American laseBoston. Ngo ethekwini komnikazi "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" waba ahlolisisa. Futhi naye kwathiwa zithululwe ogwini yonke imishini, kuhlanganise izikhali. Ngokusho imiphumela yalo myalo, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele umkhumbi phezu Bikini Atoll njengoba ilitshe ukuhlola izikhali zenuzi.

Ngo-March, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Sasuka Boston zokudlulisela amanzi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, esahlanganisa ngokusebenzisa iPanama Canal. Khona-ke emanzini Pacific iboshiwe e San Diego, California. Ngemva kwalokho, "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" salibangisa Hawaii. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-May, wawufinyelela base-America kulezi ziqhingi - Pearl Harbor. Ngo-June 1946, wafika Bikini Atoll - lapho sasilibangise khona.

inhlolakuvumelana

Lo mkhumbi ukufa "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" kwaba umphumela vivinyo izikhali United States enuzi Bikini Atoll. Ukudubula benziwa July 1, 1946. Ngaphezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" Kwaba khona abangu-nezinye yempi yezwe, e indondo ethile futhi empini imikhumbi US.

Eyokuqala igalelo zenuzi emoyeni phezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Horizon illumined nge ukukhanya elikhanyayo, wanikeza amandla esesabekayo Ukuduma komsindo. I yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa ukuqhuma ibhomu lenuzi uyekiswe at izintambo 8-10 emkhunjini. Wonke umuntu wacabanga ukuthi umkhumbi yasha bube manikiniki. Kodwa, naphezu okulindelwe umonakalo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wayemncane. Empeleni, Yayinesikhwanyana idabukile ngokuphelele kuphela kusukela ohlangothini upende.

Ukulandela ukuqhuma a warhead yenuzi lenziwa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lesi sikhathi umonakalo lalibalulekile okuningi. isikhumba amashidi acindezelwe phakathi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi wayekhipha avuzayo, kodwa lagxila futhi wanikeza Bank. Lokhu Ukumelana emkhunjini German washaywa amaMelika. Yahlela ke phansi ngokuphelele phakathi ngamabhomu okungenhla. Manje "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" waba towed kuya isiqhingi Kuazlen kulindeleke ukuhlolwa esizayo.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, sikebhe ukuthi kakhulu radioactively kungangcoli. Ngakho-ke impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu isinqumo nokho ukubhubhisa e. Nokho, ngisho nangemva kokuba kuqhuma lwesithathu umkhumbi wahlala ingaziki. izikhukhula yakhe zenzeka kancane kancane, lapho omunye gumbi Ugcwalise ngokulandelana. Ekugcineni, ezinsukwini zika-December 20 1946 amaphampu babe wehluleka ukubhekana amanzi angenayo. Lo mkhumbi wanikeza dengwane, futhi amafasitela ngezansi kolwandle. Amasosha US uye okwamanje Uzame kanzima ukuze lisindise umkhumbi, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu bashone eduze isiqhingi Kuazlen, kokushiya ebusweni a keel. Endaweni isidumbu sakhe kukhona ezansi kolwandle kuze kube yilolu suku.

isimanga Ngiqinisile umkhumbi ukumelana. Kodwa kukhona eminye imibuzo. Kuthiwani uma impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wawungelona nje uhide okuqondiswe amabhomu enuzi, kodwa kuyoba iqembu ukuthi ulwela impilo emkhunjini, ngokuchibiyela izimbobo, ekusizeni ukumpompa amaphampu amanzi? Kungenzeka ukuthi kulokhu ngisho ukuqhuma ezintathu ibingeke yanele ukucwila le "Kunyatheliswa Oygen".

Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo, umkhumbi, elakhiwa amaJalimane ukubashaya ngovalo baseMelika kanye nabangani babo, baba nesandla unwitting ku ukuhlolwa kwe-izikhali eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni, ukukhonza, njengoba iwuphawu US amabutho ezempi. Nokho, amaMelika manje kwakungamanye Olwa esiyinhloko. Ngemva kokuwa-Third Reich, kwaba eSoviet Union.

izici Jikelele umkhumbi

I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kunyatheliswa Oygen 'kwakwenziwa ngendlela yayo umkhumbi esiyingqayizivele. Njengazo zonke Cruisers esindayo "Admiral Hipper", amathani angaphezu kwangu-10 ukufuduka bomkhumbi, yize lokhu umaka umngcele lwemikhumbi alesi sigaba ngokuvumelana imikhawulo ezinze eWashington. Kodwa eJalimane ngokwayo izisethile kwenkululeko kuvunyelwe. Nokho, ngenxa ukwanda tonnage emkhunjini hit rapidity yayo nokushesha.

Nakuba inhloso yokuqala sokwakha 'isimiso Eugen "kwaba nasekuqiniseni ngoxhaxha German empini Atlantic, eqinisweni, cruised ikakhulukazi emanzini oLwandle iBaltic noma ngokuvamile sabekwa phezulu. Lo mkhumbi iqhaza empini eyodwa noma ngaphansi sina, ekuqaleni yokulwa umlando wakhe - Battle of the Denmark Strait. Kulokhu, phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ukhona, lo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wahluleka ukuqeda yimuphi umkhumbi isitha.

Nokho, futhi isitha akakwazanga nganoma iyiphi indlela umonakalo umkhumbi "Kunyatheliswa Oygen", nakuba kokuhlasela Kwakuseshwa, futhi kusukela kube solwandle kusukela esibhakabhakeni kanye emhlabathini. Waba impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German kuphela, okuyinto liyalondolozwa lonke ekupheleni kwempi. Ngisho zenuzi kuphela okwesithathu kungaba nasekhulwini le-titanium eqinile ngakho-ke kwenziwa. Bese-ke, phambi kwezingelosi nezisebenzi emkhunjini, kungenzeka ukuthi izikhathi ezintathu ngeke kwanele.

Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi baye bagxekwa ukuklanywa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, embiza ngokuthi Clumsy. Sola wafakwa bemikhumbi ukuthi abazange ngokugcwele armored imoto, ngokungafani imikhumbi esikhathini esiningi, siye ibibhukelwe kuphela sizwele futhi kubalulekile ukugcina ezindaweni zezempilo. "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" waba armored ngokugcwele. Ezindaweni eziningi zempi Wayezacile kakhulu yisivikelo sangempela kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba umthwalo eyengeziwe ngoba imoto kunciphisa ijubane layo uma igijima. Ngisho liyincwadi ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezibalulekile babe ohlabayo kuka izitsha ezifanayo lesitha. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, zonke le ncwadi we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu German kwakwanele ukumelana bombardment amaningi esibhakabhakeni nolwandle, ngisho inselelo izikhali zenuzi. Ngakho ukuthi amaqiniso aphule kokuqagela a baxgeki theory kuya nines.

Okuningi ohlangothini wathatha abadali "Prince Eugen", kunjalo nasosukwini lwethu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha-shintsha, multi-tasking, ukukhomba igunya phezu amandla volley electronics ebalulekile ukulawula, indima ekhethekile ye ukuthola isitha.

Kodwa ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kunyatheliswa Oygen" namanje sahluleka ukufeza noma iyiphi enye imisebenzi esemqoka bababele embulungeni yonke, eziningi izimo umgomo futhi subjective. Blame it were njengoba ukwehluleka ezivamile amaJalimane e-Atlantic Ocean, kanye revaluation izici ezithile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Wayengeke abe amandla juqu Atlantic noma angabangela okungenani umonakalo ezithile ezibalulekile ukuze ngoxhaxha isitha.

Akekho ongalichaza bathi umkhumbi kukhokhelwe yayo izindleko kwezigidi ezingu 109 Reichsmarks. Noma kunjalo, yena wakwazi yehle emlandweni sibonga ukuzinza layo eliyingqayizivele engenakuqhathaniswa luvivinywa yenuzi yebutho American, okuyinto abamangala ngisho ayoliswe eziningi lempi kanye nososayensi.