Inani labantu base-Lithuania: ubukhulu kanye nokusungulwa

Baltic amakhulu eminyaka kuye kwaba nsimu kuzo zazivame ukungabi impi. Akumangazi ukuthi kuphela wokugcina 500 edlule, it has izikhathi eziningi lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye, futhi kuthi atholiwe lapha, uye njalo wayehlala ibandla lezizwe.

Lithuania iyathinteka. Yiqiniso, inani labantu Lithuania cishe njalo wawutholakala ikakhulu emelelwa isizwe titular, kodwa bezinye izizwe baye bahlala khona unaphakade. Namuhla Isimo sithi asifane. Kulesi sihloko uzothola ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukushintsha ukwakheka kanye nosayizi sabantu endaweni ukuthi State.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ...

Kubalwa kokuqala kule ndawo wazama ukubamba emuva ekhulwini le-13, kodwa kwaba phezu cishe noma yini, njengoba idatha eqoqwe babe izilinganiso kakhulu. Kuphela labantu elatholakala inkampani evamile lwalwenziwa 1790, imiphumela ayebonisa ukuthi insimu banamuhla Lithuania kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-3.6 million. Kusukela 1812 kuya ku-1945 inani labantu Lithuania kwehle ngo-30%.

Ukuqala ngekhulu le-19

omunye ukuhlola labantu lwenziwe ngo-1897. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela kwathi ngaleso sikhathi wahlala eLithuania abantu mayelana 1.924.400. Ngalezo zikhathi yalokho enjalo umxhwele kakhulu.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ngaleso sikhathi e Lithuania naseLithuania ngokwabo Bezingekho. Isisindo sawo oko 61,6% kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona okungenani ama-13% amaJuda nabasePoland 9%, cishe 5% Russian, kanye nenombolo efanayo namaJalimane Belarusians. inombolo Letts lingaphansi kuka nanhlanu per cent, futhi isiTatar ingeqi ezingeni 0.2%.

Ngisho yinhle Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuwo wonke amadolobha inani naseLithuania babe ngisho aphansi kuphesenteji imigomo. Ngakho, e Vilnius wahlala bengekho ngaphezu kwama-41% of amaJuda, okungenani u-30% nabasePoland, begodu nenani labantu Byelorussians Russian futhi wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-24%. Ngokwabo naseLithuania wayehlala emzini akukho kuka 2% abantu sebebonke.

Ngo Kovno, abazalwane babeba abaqaphile kodwa mayelana okufanayo: amaJuda kwakukhona cishe 35%, inani isiRashiya, Belarusians nabasePoland elilingana 36% naseLithuania kwaba 6.6%. Zonke ukuphumula - amaJalimane. By the way, eKlaipeda, cishe bonke abantu kwaba German. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yaseMpumalanga Prussia baba ingxenye Lithuania kuphela kwekhulu le-18. Kuphela sifundazwe Suwalki isibalo sabantu Lithuanian safinyelela 72%.

Amanothi ku ethnogenesis

Thina khawuleza uqaphele ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi inqubo ethnogenesis namanje wahamba negalelo elikhulu: ngaphezu naseLithuania kwezigidi ezingu 1.21 ngokwabo, ababengaphansi koMbuso Russian ngisho 448.000 zhmudinov. Ngaphandle kwawo, lalolo hlanga yaseLithuania kwaba% 44 kuphela. Lokhu kuphambene kakhulu nalezizitatimende idatha populist ka nabezombangazwe mayelana Baltic "wokuziphilisa bokuphakama ambalwa sabantu Lithuanian."

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ngu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, isimo nezizwe "zomdabu" iye yaqhubeka iwohloka nakakhulu.

Ngo-1914, isabelo sabantu Russian lakhuphuka lafika ku-6%, kuyilapho inani labantu okufanele naseLithuania lehla ngokushesha 54% kuphesenteji imigomo. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli zwe futhi benza share wazo lehla 30%. Isimo sashintsha kuphela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, nalapho leliya lizwe ngobuningi bathutha ezingaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane abahlala okhuluma isiRashiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi naleyo minyaka engu kwakukhona kwatheleka abalulekile naseLithuania kubantu bakwamanye amazwe, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga ukudalwa ezimele Republic of Lithuania.

Ngaphambi Okwesibili Umhlaba

Ngo-1923, inani labantu Lithuania yayisifile abantu 2.028.971. Kuqhathaniswa 1897 inani naseLithuania ngokwabo baye balwela 84-85%. AmaJuda Inombolo kwehle sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili ku-7.5% (153 473). NabasePoland abahlala ensimini ka isimo isivele 3.2%, noma abantu 65.599, isiRashiya kwakuwulimi% 2.5 kuphela (50 460 abantu), inani lamaJalimane ngokushesha (ngenxa nokuxoshwa ukwesaba) wawela 1.4% (29,231) , Byelorussians akusalanga ezingaphezu kuka 0.2% (4421). izizwe Okunye kuleyo minyaka, kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-8771 umuntu.

Ngakho, ukwakheka sabantu Lithuanian ngaleso sikhathi kwaba sezizwe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.

Ezinye izinguqulo lichaza ekwakheni kazwelonke

Ngo Kaunas, okuyinto yaba inhloko-dolobha i-republic azimele, kwakukhona izinguquko ngisho okubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, Polish Russian, okuyinto kuze kube yileso sikhathi babe cishe umgogodla labantu ezisemadolobheni, cishe awekho (abantu ngaphansi kuka 8000). Isibalo amaJalimane kwaba 3.5%, amaJuda ayekhokha 27,1% (25 041 abantu). Kodwa inani naseLithuania anda futhi zaba abantu 54 000 (59% yesizwe sonkana).

Census e Klaipeda, okuyinto kwenziwa iziphathimandla zendawo ngo-1925 kwabonisa ukuthi isibalo naseLithuania musa idlule 26,6% of the ukwakheka Imininingwane sabantu (akukho kuka 37 626 abantu). Sekube amaJalimane amaningi, ebangela mayelana 41.9% (59 337), ne memeltsev yabo 24,2% (34 337), kanye nezinye izizwe.

Memeltsy - ayini?

By the way, bobani memeltsy? Kuze kube manje, eziningana ososayensi abaqavile, izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi leli gama siqondwa eziningi abantu ezahlukene (!) Izizwe abangakamamukeli kutimela Lithuania kanye kumiswa republic. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu - kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka amaJalimane kusukela yaseMpumalanga Prussia ababengazange kufakwe ngemuva kokudluliselwa komhlaba wabo waya eLithuania, abalwamukelanga ulimi namasiko aseBaltic.

Cishe, lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba cishe zonke izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu uqaphele ukuthi ezindaweni owakhiwe memeltsami, wazizwa elikhulu zesiko German nolimi. Ngakho, ngokubala labantu e Lithuania kuleyo minyaka, le mininingwane kufanele igcinwe engqondweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi inani langempela labantu laseJalimane kulezi zifunda safinyelela kuleyo minyaka kuya ku-66%, edlulele uphawu abantu abayizinkulungwane 90.

Esikhathini Vilnius esifundeni ke kwadingeka nesimo esifanayo, kodwa ngokuphathelene nabasePoland. Iqiniso lokuthi izwe izikhathi eziningana basukile Lithuania waya ePoland futhi izinti zazibheka ikoloni ngamabomu, sizitshele ukuthi umuntu ukufuduka esiphezulu bezinye izizwe noma nokwenziwa zabo (ngokuvamile iningi - ngokungenzi ayimpoqo).

Ngakho, e Lithuania "isampula" le-yalolucwaningo 20 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, naseLithuania babengabahwebi kancane kuka 60% abantu sebebonke ala mazwe. Sebebonke yaseLithuania kwakuthandeka 1 eziyizigidi ezingu-900 eziyinkulungwane (ekuqaleni 1930).

Kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ku-1970,

Ngo-1940, Lithuania wajoyina eSoviet Union. Yaqala inqubo reverse, lapho nabasePoland washintsha ukuze labantu Lithuanian. Phakathi kweJalimane, inani labantu Polish uqala ukwandisa futhi. Ngakho, ngo-1942 omunye kuphela Vilnius esifundeni, kwakunabamemezeli 309.494 naseLithuania, kanye nabasePoland nase-inani lakhuphuka lafika ku-324 757 abantu.

Isiphetho edabukisayo emaJudeni. Kuphela Lithuania wabulawa abantu 136.421 lokhu ubuzwe (futhi lokhu - ngaphandle pair of izifunda). Wasinda nabantu abangaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu futhi kufakazelwa umumo wenhlangano 1959, owawuthi amaJuda 24 672 eLithuania.

Izibalo German ka 1937 sasihlanganisa izwe abantu 157.527 fanele kuze lo xuku yobuhlanga. Ngakho, ngokokuqala we kweJalimane, lachithwa okungenani 175.000 amaJuda, futhi 1941 yonke indawo yakwa-Lithuania wahlala 225.000.

Mayelana nezivumelwano kwempi

Ngo 1945-1946, ezweni ayizinkulungwane 178 nabasePoland zixoshwa. Uma sithatha isikhathi kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1950, kusukela Lithuania kwesokunxele kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele Polish. Uma sikhuluma kabusha Russification, ngisho abacwaningi Lithuanian ngivume ukuthi kubusa amaSoviet kuba kancane, kancane ekushintsheni Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1959-1989, inani Russian anda kuphela 9.4%, kuyilapho inani labantu okufanele Belarusians nase-Ukraine, ufunyenwe 1.2% abantu sebebonke.

Ngo-1991, inani naseLithuania ukuvala 79,6%, kanti isibalo sabantu Lithuanian abantu 3.666.000. Uma sikhuluma mkhuba jikelele weNyunyana Republics, Lithuania kwakucishe kuphela isibonelo sendlela kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo isizwe isihloko: inani Russian ngisho ezindaweni ezimaphakathi we RSFSR uwile ukuba 81%, nakuba kwaba 85%.

isikhathi esisha

Ngakho abanye abantu e Lithuania wanqoba (kakhulu) ngesikhathi kuwa iSoviet Union? Yiqiniso, Lithuania. Lokhu elula agumenti abacwaningi Russian kulo nyaka kakade ezama ukwenza ozakwabo Baltic ukuthi kwakungekho "Okwenzayo:". Nokho, kuze kube manje zimuka nomoya.

kanjani ukushintsha ngemva kokufa labantu Soviet e Lithuania? Dynamics kuyinto esidabukisayo kakhulu. Ngokushesha ngemva 1991-1993, ne insimu yalo ushiye ezingaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane Russian. Uma ngo-1991 inani labantu abantu abacishe babe izigidi ezine kuleli zwe, namuhla labantu yehlile cishe ngesigamu!

Akumangalisi ukuthi labantu Lithuania 2014 abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.9. Thanda, akusiwona kancane ngakho. Nakuba kukhona omunye "kodwa." Iqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni zigcine le nombolo cishe yonke naseLithuania bakwamanye amazwe EU, ngisho usebenzisa ukuvota-Inthanethi lokubalwa kwabantu. Abantu abasha bakamalalahlengezela ziphume ziphele kuleli zwe ukuze ochwepheshe abazimele uyavumelana entweni eyodwa: ngokusho idatha olungekho emthethweni, labantu Lithuania I-2014 amanani ukuba kufike abantu abangu-2 million.

Cishe, Dynamics okukhulu labantu ukwehla kuzoqhubeka eminyakeni ezayo.