Incwadi Red zomhlaba. Izimila nezilwane "Red Book"

Ukuncipha izinombolo zezinto eziphilayo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane Emhlabeni khona emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Ukuhlobana le nkinga, futhi namuhla asizange sibe sincane.

IUCN

Imibuzo mayelana nokuvikelwa isilwane nezimila wakhuliswa komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba ngekhulu XIX, kodwa inhlangano ngowokuqala sina le nkinga, awuzange esungulwe kuze 1948. Wabizwa ngokuthi International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).

Lapho inhlangano yasungulwa on kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni weKhomishana. Inhloso Commission ngaleso sikhathi ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana izilwane kanye nezitshalo ukuthi yokuqothulwa.

iminyaka engu-15 kamuva, ngo-1963, le nhlangano ohlwini lokuqala zinhlobo anjalo yanyatheliswa. "The Red Encwadi Amaqiniso" - Lalingubani igama kulolu hlu. Kamuva encwadini uqambe kabusha, kanye nohlu ubizwa ngokuthi "Red Incwadi zomhlaba."

Izizathu wokunciphisa inani zezitshalo nezilwane

Izizathu okuyinto eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu ngo zama-flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa ngokuyinhloko nezenzo womuntu noma ukuphazamiseka eyokungabi nandaba nokuphila bemvelo.

Isizathu ezijwayeleke kakhulu ekuncipheni zilwane zasendle kubulawa omkhulu kwezilwane ngesikhathi ukuzingela, izindawo zokudoba, ukubhujiswa izidleke amaqanda, lokuqoqa izitshalo. Sikhuluma ukubhujiswa ngokushesha kwezinhlobo.

Esinye, asikho isizathu bungavami ukwehlisa isibalo izilwane zasendle nezitshalo iplanethi awahlobene ukuqondisa nokubhujiswa kwabo. Lapha kumele wathi mayelana nokubhujiswa izindawo: zilima komhlaba intombi, ukwakhiwa iziteshi Hydropower kanye amadamu, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi.

Kunezici zemvelo ezinomthelela zincishiswe noma ukunyamalala zilwane zasendle - kwesimo sezulu eMhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, relict Gull namuhla ophila kuphela kwamanye amachibi eMongolia, China, Kazakhstan kanye Chita Region. Isibalo zilwane abantu ayizinkulungwane 10, futhi nenombolo yokuzalanisa ngazimbili kuyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu. "The Red Book of the World" kwelinye lamakhasi yayo ayehlukanisele le nyoni ezingavamile. Kodwa eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule, lapho izindawo yesimanje kwendawo yayo bekulokhu olwandle omkhulu phakathi nezwe, Gull relict, ngokososayensi, babe ikuyo yonke indawo, kodwa isibalo sabo akuyona kusongelwa.

ukuvikelwa izinyathelo izilwane zasendle

Izimila nezilwane "Red Book" wenza umuntu, hhayi kuphela siqonde umnyombo ukunyamalala yabo ebusweni Zomhlaba, kodwa usisiza nokuba sibe iqoqo izinyathelo ezihlose kulondolozwa zasendle.

Namuhla kuyacaca ukuthi ukuze ubuyisele labantu kwezinye zezinhlobo badinga kuphela iyakwenqabela ukuzingela noma ukuhlangana. Ukugcina nezinye izilwane ezingavamile futhi izitshalo, kubalulekile ukudala izimo esikhethekile kokuhlala kwawo. Kulokhu, noma yimuphi umsebenzi kwezomnotho kule ndawo kufanele akuvumelekile.

Izinto Eziphilayo onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa, indoda uzama ukulondoloza ngu zizalela yokufakelwa kuyo ekhethekile ukuze kudaleke zonke izimo ezivuna khona.

"The Red Incwadi Yokuthula" basakaza lokuphekiwe wakhe nezilwane ikhasi bese izitshalo by izigaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, acabangele isimo samanje zilwane, ezifweni zabo ubukhulu zincishiswe noma ukunyamalala.

Isigaba sokuqala zinhlobo

Amakhasi encwadi, okuyinto efakwe ohlwini izinhlobo esigabeni sokuqala kukhona izinto eziningi. Lapha-ke eqoshiwe izilwane zasendle ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Uma isintu akusho ngokushesha ukuthatha izinyathelo ezikhethekile, ukusindisa lezi izilwane nezitshalo ngeke kwenzeke.

Eyesibili isigaba

La makhasi aqukethe uhlu izidalwa eziphilayo kule planethi, ogama inombolo namanje mikhulu, kodwa kukhona inqubo yokunciphisa izinze. Ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi uma ungathathi isinyathelo ke lezi zilwane angase abhekane nesigwebo sentambo.

Isigaba sesithathu zezitshalo nezilwane

"The Red Incwadi Yokuthula" ibekwe uhlu izinhlobo namuhla usengozini, kodwa inani labo lincane uma futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezincane. Ngakho-ke, yiluphi ushintsho imvelo, lapho basakaza, ungakwazi kuhilelani Imiphumela ezingalindelekile.

Izitshalo abasengozini kakhulu nezilwane abahlala eziqhingini ezincane. Ngokwesibonelo, Komodo qapha isibankwa kuyo eziqhingini Eastern Indonesia. Noma yimuphi izenzo kabi kubhekwe umuntu noma zemvelo (izikhukhula nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo) kungaholela nokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo esikhathini esifishane.

Isigaba sesine

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isayensi namuhla iphokophele phambili iyachuma emhlabeni kusenabantu abameleli yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene okuye kancane wafunda. Tiniketwe eSitatimendeni emakhasini "Red Book" esigabeni sesine.

Ngesizathu esithile, ososayensi bakhathazekile eziningana zalezi zilwane, kodwa ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi zokuhlukanisa nabo ngezigaba ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane "uhlu alamu" akunakwenzeka okwamanje.

Amakhasi oluhlaza

Isigaba sesihlanu ezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo itholakala emakhasini oluhlaza. Leli khasi ekhethekile. Lezi zinhlobo eziye lakwazi ukugwema usongo lokuqothulwa. Inombolo ibuyiselwe nasezenzweni zomuntu. Kusukela emakhasini "Red Book" izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kulezi abameleli kungukuthi isuswe ngezizathu ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwawo i yohwebo ivinjelwe.

"Incwadi Red zomhlaba." izitshalo

Esikhathini umagazini of "uvalo" encwadini ethi, eziphathelene 1996, uchaza lezi zinhlobo ayizinkulungwane 34 zezitshalo, ukuthi yokuqothulwa. Ngaphansi kwesivikelo sakhe wathatha inhlangano yomphakathi IUCN kanye "Red Book".

Izwe isitshalo ngokuvamile iba yisisulu ubuhle. Abantu kokuncoma izitshalo ubunjalo kanye intuthuko uqale mindlessly ukubhubhisa ipulazi ngenxa isixha sezimbali. Hhayi indima yokugcina kuleli cala futhi isifiso somuntu ukuze athole inzuzo. Njalo is isiphetho Alpine Edelweiss, insimbi Ossetic, Narcissus.

Zikhona izitshalo eziningi aye onakaliswa imisebenzi womuntu nokungcola. Lezi zihlanganisa Tulips, chestnut amanzi, yew, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-pine nabanye abaningi.

Izilwane 'Red Encwadi Ukuthula "

Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, manje usedinga Ukuvikelwa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 5.5 zezilwane.

Ekhokha intela kwabase ukubakhela noma ukwanelisa izidingo ukudla kwabantu lihlasela impilo yasendle, kubabulali umonakalo ongalungiseki. Uhlu izilwane abathintekayo ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngendlela emangalisayo enkulukazi: European pearl oyster, intulo giant, muskrat, olwaluhlala ufudu, Asiatic Lion kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.

IUCN iyinhlangano yomphakathi, futhi izinqumo zayo akuzona esibophezelayo, ngakho ukuphathwa isebenza eduze nohulumeni, kucinisekisa kusetjentiswa walabo izincomo, ozokusiza alondoloze impilo yale planethi.