"Kosci": isifinyeto esifushane. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, indaba ethi "Kosci"

Unyaka we-1921. EParis. Ukufuduka. Ngemuva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba ka-1917, lokhu kwakuyibhizinisi eliphoqelelwe. Futhi kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Baphunyuke emiphakathini eyayiyingozi yombuso waseBolshevik, besuka ekulambile nasebandleni, kusukela e-chaos, empini, kusuka ezincekwini kanye nezifo, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlwa nakusihlwa ebusuku ... U-Ivan Bunin naye wabaleka. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, kodwa kwakukhona okunye, okunamandla nakakhulu - lokhu ukuzixosha. Wamphoqa ukuba akhohlwe ngokucophelela okwedlulile, ngakho-ke waveza, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugcoba imibala nemibala, ukuze isipiliyoni singabonakali singenakubala futhi singacabangi. Wabeka nokuhlupheka okuningi ekuphileni kwakhe kamuva. Umsebenzi kaBunin "Kosci" ungenye yezibonakaliso ezicacile zalokhu.

Izikhumbuzo

In noveli ka-Ivan Bunin I-Life of Arseniev, inkulumo eyodwa ephawulekayo: "Ukukhunjulwa kuyinto enesabekayo futhi enzima kangangokuba kukhona ngisho nomthandazo wensindiso yabo ...". Yebo, izinkumbulo zihlukile: ezikhanyayo, ezifudumele, ezikhanyayo, njengosuku oluhle olusihlwa ... Futhi zingaba lukhuni, lunzima, njengesibhakabhaka esiphansi se-leaden, ezisongela hhayi nje ukuthulula imvula ebanda, kodwa ukuchitha yonke impilo. Okokugcina futhi ube nompahla okhethekile okufanele uphishekele. Ngisho noma ugijima phambili, uzobe usabanjwa, uthathwe futhi ukhubazekile. Babephishekela futhi mina. Bunin.

Imizwa ehlukile

Ukudlulela okungapheli, ukuchithwa kwesanta, ulwandle lwegazi elikuzungezile futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukungabi nalutho kulokho akwenzayo - konke lokho kwamhlupha: "Yeka indlela okudabukisayo ngayo lesi sikhwama sokuzidla, esihahayo, esingenangqondo seRussia esihlupha umhlaba!" Emsebenzini "Izinsuku Eziqalekisiwe" (1918) -1920) izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zidwebe izwe lakubo ngombala omnyama ongapheli. Kubonakala sengathi zonke izintambo ezixhunyiwe zaqothuka njengamakhasi ezincwadi ezindala, futhi akukho futhi akukho muntu ongamenza abone okungenani indawo eyodwa ekhanyayo. Kodwa, ngokusobala, umthandazo wawufundwa, futhi u-Ivan Alekseevich walahla "u-journalism" enonya ngo-Okthoba, futhi wathola amandla okubuyela emphefumulweni wakhe, emibhalweni yakhe nangothando ezweni lakhe. I-Russia ngaphakathi kwayo inqobile. Indaba kaBunin ethi "Kosci", ebhalwe eParis ngo-1921, ngokusobala iyisiqinisekiso salokhu. Kuye, kunjalo, kusasazelela futhi ubuhlungu kulabo abalahlekile, kodwa lokhu kuyisizinda kuphela, ukuthungatha ithrekhi esemqoka - uthando olusha oluphakeme lwaseRussia kanye nokuqonda okujulile nomzwelo womuntu ovuthiwe. Futhi manje ngaphezulu ...

Isakhiwo

Isakhiwo sezindaba (I. Bunin, "Kosci") silula. Lezi yizikhumbuzo zesikhathi esidlule, usuku luyisikhathi sangaphambi kokuhlwa kosuku lukaJuni, lapho umbhali, ongumlandeli kanye nomlingisi oyinhloko, ehlangana ne-birch grove namaRussia, ama-muzhiks aseRashiya alula. Bavela endaweni ethile, ikakhulu eRyazan, ukusebenza. Imikhumbuzo ilula, i-airy, ikhumbuza i-haze ekuseni ekuseni ehlobo ehlathini. Bahlale bephazanyiswa yizimboni zomlobi ebuhleni obulahlekile baseRussia, mayelana namaRussia, ngabantu baseRussia, ngomphefumulo wamaSlav, mayelana nokuyihlabelela kungaba - futhi awukwazi ukukhohlwa, futhi akukho okungaqhathaniswa ...

"Kosci", Bunin: ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi

Indaba iqala ngombhalo othi: "Sasihamba emgwaqweni omkhulu, futhi bahlwanyela ehlathini elincane le-birch eduze kwalo - bahlabelela." Futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwakhe isigaba esisha: "Kwakuyisikhathi eside, bekukhona isikhathi esidlule, ngoba impilo esiphila kuyo ngaleso sikhathi, ngeke ibuyele kuze kube phakade ..." Ukuphelelwa yithemba ukuxolisa nokudabuka kuzwakala kuwo wonke amazwi, zonke izimpikiswano , Kuzo zonke umsindo. "Ngesikhathi esidlule", kusho umlobi (u-Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, "Kosci"), futhi uqinisa lapha, ubeka esinye isisindo somdwebo ompunga - "isikhathi esidlule", futhi omunye ekugcineni - "ngeke abuyele kuze kube phakade", ukuze umfundi Akugcini nje ukuqonda, kepha yanyamalala kanye nomlingisi oyinhloko ezinkumbulo zakhe nasebuhlungu obungokomoya obungapheli obangelwa yibo .

Ubani "thina"?

Siyaqhubeka isihloko se-athikili ethi "Kosci" (Bunin): ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi. " Ukulandiswa endabeni kuvela kumuntu wokuqala, kodwa ngokuvamile isimemezelo esithi "Mina" sizibona ngobuningi bomzimba: "sahamba ...", "sasihlala ngaleso sikhathi ...", "Sasizungezwe amasimu ...". Kuyini lokhu? Ubani u-Ivan Bunin ("Kosci") asho ngegama elithi "thina"? Singumlobi ngokwakhe, umndeni wakhe nabangani bakhe, nabo bonke labo abahlupheka kakhulu emaphandleni angaphandle, okwadingeka balahle izwe lakubo, babalekele ngemithwalo eyodwa kuphela ngemuva kwamahlombe abo - izinkumbulo kanye ne-nostalgia, ngoba "akakaze Khumbula lokhu kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuhlwa, "lokhu utshani obunamahlumela nezimbali, umoya wensimu, futhi" ungalokothi uqonde, ungasho ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu, iyini i-charm yabo emangalisayo. " Futhi ngokuqhubekayo lezi zinsimu ezingenamkhawulo, leli "hlane eliphakathi, elaseRussia eliphambili "kokubili ngesikhathi nangesibhakabhakeni, kunamandla, okujulile futhi okuthulile uthando ngalo. "Ngithethelele, hamba, umngane wami othandekayo! Futhi, othandekayo wami, kuhle, kuhle, hamba kahle! Ngithethelele, ngithethelele, othandekayo wami, ongathembeki, ngoba inhliziyo yakho ibumnyama kunokungcola! "- Amazwi anomsindo wengoma yamathambo azwakala manje njengesiprofetho.

Bobani "bona"?

Ubani "bona" emsebenzini (IA Bunin, "Kosci")? Indaba emfushane yendaba izosiza ukucacisa lo mbuzo obalulekile. Ngakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isithombe esivela esikhathini esedlule sivula ngaphambi komfundi: i-outback ekhanyayo, enhle kakhulu ephakathi kweRussia. Yonke into ibangela ukuhlonipha kwakhe. Futhi umgwaqo oholela ekugcineni, "nezimbali ezingenakubalwa namajikijolo angenakubalwa," nezinsimu zokusanhlamvu ... Isikhathi sibonakala sesimisiwe. Futhi ngokuzumayo, phakathi kwaleli pharadesi, kusukela lapho, kubonakala "bona" - amabhande, inkazimulo, njengeziqhawe ezinamaqhawe, abangenandaba nokuzijabulisa, abanokuzijabulisa, "abazimisele ukusebenza." Vula futhi uhlabelele. "Baye" - yiRussia. Myeke abe "anuchi", "shaggy", "shirts", kodwa mahhala futhi emuhle wakhe siqu ekhethekile, kungekho ubuhle lutho efana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama elithi "braids" lisetshenziswe izikhathi ezimbili kuphela, futhi "bona" - amashumi amabili nanhlanu. Kusho into eyodwa kuphela: ukuthi iRussia, okuyinto uBunin amaphupho alo, elahlekile - ukuphela kokuxolelwa kukaNkulunkulu sekufikile.

I-Canto

Futhi ingoma ethi "them" ingumphefumulo waseRussia, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukukhanya okungenakuqhathaniswa, okusha, okunamandla, okungazi lutho ngokungazi amathalenta ayo, yingakho kunamandla, kunamandla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungenangqondo. Akakhamululi ngezwi, kodwa kuphela "ngokububula, ukunyuka kwesifuba esinempilo, esincane, sokucula." "Bahlabelela," silalela, sihlanganisa futhi sihlangane ndawonye. Yebo, kukhona lokhu kuxhumano kwegazi kwangempela phakathi kwe "us" kanye "nabo", amafu, umoya, insimu, ihlathi kanye nonke ...

Isihloko esihlokweni esithi "IA. Bunin, "Kosci": isifinyeto somsebenzi "asikakapheli. Ngokuba konke ukungathembeki kwengoma abayicula "bona" nge "injabulo engenakugwema". Kungani? Yebo, ngoba awukholelwa ekutheni unethemba. Akuyona into engokwemvelo kuleso simo somuntu, kubo bonke abaphila, abaphila futhi baqhubeka behlala nathi. "Ngithethelela, ngithethelele, mngane othandekayo!" - bahlabelela "bona", "silalela," futhi akekho owakwazi ukukholelwa ukuthi akukho ndlela noma indlela eya ekhaya. Ngaphakathi, wonke umuntu wayenolwazi oluphakeme olungazalwa, ukuqaphela ukuthi, noma ngabe saphila, kwakungekho ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela eRussia yasekhaya engenamkhawulo, kusengenzeka ukuthi sikhanyise ilanga lethu elithakazelisayo esibhakabhakeni sethu, esibhakabhakeni esingenamkhawulo.

Usizi "Mina"

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lo mlando uvela kumuntu wokuqala, kodwa ngobuningi, futhi kuzwakala kabili ukuthi "Mina" ngedwa. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umbhali, edlula izinsimbi, wabona isidlo sawo esithobekile, engakwazi ukumelana, wasondela, futhi wabingelela "abantu abahle": "Ngathi: isinkwa nosawoti, siyabonga ...". Ephendula, bamemela etafuleni labo elincane. Kodwa, njengoba ebheke kancane, yena wesibindi wathola ukuthi kusukela ehhashini-iron "bahuduza amakhowe alele" -bamba ama-agarics ngezinkezo. Yiluphi uhlobo lokudla okungavamile? Akumangalisi uBunin kufakwe kule ndaba le siqephu esingabonakali. Ungokomfanekiso kakhulu. Isiko laseRussia sokungenisa izihambi sidinga njalo ukwamukelwa isimemo sokuhlala etafuleni elivamile, ungabeki noma uhlazeke, kungenjalo akukho ukulingana, akukho ubunye. Wenqaba. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenjalo ukuthi kwakungavumelani, ukuthi ukuhlukumezeka phakathi ko "us" - "bona", okwakhulunywa ngabo futhi baphupha okuningi ngaphambi kokuguquka. Mhlawumbe yingakho kwenzeka ...

Isihloko esihlokweni esithi "IA. Bunin, "Kosci": isifinyeto esifushane somsebenzi ". Omunye usizi "Mina" uzwakala ekupheleni kwendaba: "Enye, ngithi, bekule ngoma ..." Futhi-ke uhlanganisa yonke into engenhla futhi aphile. Yebo, kulezo zikhathi ezikude, ezikude kakhulu, ezingaphenduki, bazizwa "bona", futhi "thina" kakhulu ukuthi akuyona injabulo engenamkhawulo. Kodwa indaba yezinganekwane yaphela: indwangu yetafula eyakhelwe yedwa yathinteka, imithandazo nezinhlamvu zazikhohliwe, futhi umkhawulo wokuthethelela kukaNkulunkulu weza ...

Ama-Stylistics

Indaba kaBunin "Kosci" ibhalwe kulokho okubizwa okuthiwa yi-prose, ngoba uhlobo lomsebenzi yi-monologue-memory memory. Ukucubungula umsindo kuthuthukiswa umsindo we-iambic, okusho ukuthi uhambisane nama-accent passes. Umdlalo uthola ukubonakala kwawo ekuphindaphindiwe kwamazwi athi "bona", "thina" namagama "charm". Ukugcina izikhathi eziyisithupha ezigabeni eziyisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye. Lokhu futhi ukubonakaliswa kwe-anaphora, okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kokuqala kwemisho eminingana: "Inhle yakhe yayiphendule ..."; "I-charm yayikulokho engaziwa ..."; "Ubuhle bokuthi sonke sasiyi ...", njll. Le nqubo iveza imizwa yomlobi ekugcineni.

Ezingeni lexical, ama- synonyms angokomongo abuye ahlolwe (ihlathi lincane futhi umgwaqo omkhulu, iRussia nomphefumulo), ukuqinisekiswa komuntu (iRussia - umphefumulo wakhe kuphela ongawuhlabelela), izilinganiso ezihambisanayo (eRussia - esifubeni), perifraz (bonke abaseRussia - "bangabantwana bamaMlandland abo" Kungakhathaliseki isimo sezenhlalakahle)

Yilo lonke indaba, futhi indaba yonke (IA Bunin) "Kosci". Isifinyeto sihle, kodwa kungcono ukuvula umbhalo uqobo futhi uhloniphe isitayela esimangalisayo sika-Ivan Alekseevich Bunin.