Indaba ka-A. P. Chekhov "I-Dushechka": isifinyeto kanye nokuhlaziywa komsebenzi

U-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov wabhala indaba ethi "Dushechka" ngo-1899. Ubhekisela emisebenzini yamuva yomlobi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Chekhov sika "Dushechka" ngokushesha wabangela ukuhlolwa okungaqondakali emibuthanweni yombhalo. Isihloko esiyinhloko somsebenzi uthando. Umlingisi oyinhloko kuphela ongeyona nje isidingo, kodwa incazelo yokuphila. Futhi kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuba angatholi uthando, kodwa ukumnika. I-comedy yalesi simo ukuthi njalo lapho umlando wezizwe ezijulile eziziqhenya ze-heroine ziphinda ngokwazo. Ukubunjwa kwendatshana kunamalungu amane: inani lezinamathiselo zenhliziyo ekuphileni kuka-Olenka. Ngezansi isifinyeto esifushane salesi sidalwa sokubhala.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-heroine esemqoka

U-Olenka Plemyannikova, indodakazi yomhloli wokufundela umhlalaphansi, uhlala endlini yakhe noyise. Le nsikazi enombala obomvana obomvu onentambo emhlophe, izandla ezikhukhumezayo, ukubukeka kahle nokumamatheka okumnandi. Abantu abazungezile bathanda intombazane enhle. Wonke umuntu uyayithanda ngaphandle kokungafani. Uma ukhuluma naye, ufuna ukuthinta isandla sakhe bese uthi kuye: "Dumisani!" Emphefumulweni we-Olenka kukhona njalo uthando: okokuqala wayethandana nomfundisi wesiFulentshi, wabe eseqala ukuthanda ubaba wakhe, futhi emva kokuba umama omvakashele ababili Izikhathi ngonyaka. Inkinga yukuthi lezi zintandane zivame ukuthatha indawo eyodwa. Kodwa u-Olenka akakhathaleli, kanye nabantu abakuzungezile. Bahlatshwa umxhwele yi-naivete yentombazane, ukuthembela kwakhe nomusa othulile. Ngakho uchaza heroine yakhe endabeni "Dushechka" Chekhov. Isifinyeto sizosiza ukuthola umbono wezimfanelo zomuntu siqu ze-heroine. Isithombe sawo siyaphikisana: ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinikezwe isipho sokuthandabuza. Ngakho ukuchithwa engxenyeni yesibili kunikelwa kude kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi lokhu, ngokuqinisekile, kubangela umfundi ukuba ahloniphe i-heroine. Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala ngaphambi kwethu ukuthi umuntu onokuthula futhi onamandla. Ukungabi khona kwezinto ezingokomoya, ukungabi nemibono nemibono yomuntu mayelana nezwe elisizungezile - konke lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhlekwa komfundi.

Kukin yilona uthando lokuqala luka-Olenka

Endlini enkulu yamantombazane kukhona indoda u-Ivan Petrovich Kukin, umgcinisihlalo kanye nongomabhizinisi wesimu elijabulisayo elithi "Tivoli". U-Olenka uvame ukumbona egcekeni. Kukin ukhononda njalo ngokuphila. Kuye kuphela owake wezwa: "Izethameli manje ziyisimanga futhi azizi. Iyini i-operetta yakhe, i-extravaganza? Mnike i-farce! Akekho ohambayo. Futhi le mvula njalo kusihlwa! Futhi ngiqashisa, abaculi bakhokha inkokhelo. Ukulahlekelwa okuqinile. Ngiyingozi! "U-Olenka uyazisola kakhulu kuye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enhliziyweni yakhe uthando lomuntu luvusa. Yebo, ukuthi unomzimba omncane, omfushane futhi ukhuluma ngezwi elimnandi. Ngombono wakhe, uKukin uyiqhawe elilwa nsuku zonke nesitha sakhe esiyinhloko - umphakathi owaziyo. Uzwela lwe-heroine luyavela ukuba luhlangane, futhi maduzane lo mbhangqwana osemusha ushade. Manje u-Olenka usebenza kanzima enkundleni yemidlalo yomyeni wakhe. Yena, kanye naye, uhlambalaza umphakathi, ukhuluma ngokubaluleka kobuciko empilweni futhi ubolekisa abadlali. Ebusika, izindaba zomshado zihamba kangcono. Ebusuku, u-Olenka uhlabelela u-Ivan Petrovich ngetiyi nama-raspberries futhi uyifake emabhokisini afudumele, efisa ukulungisa impilo eguquguqukayo yomyeni wakhe. Ngeshwa, injabulo yalomfana yayiphila isikhathi eside: Kukin kwesokunxele eMoscow ukuqasha isitsha esisha washiya khona ngokuzumayo. Ukushaya umyeni wakhe, lo wesifazane osemncane wawela ekulileni okukhulu. Kuyiqiniso, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani ngokulandelayo, sizotshela indaba kaKhekhov "Dushechka." Phakathi naleso sikhathi, sibona ukuthi i-heroine, egcwele imibono yomyeni wayo, iba yisithunzi sayo futhi iphikisana nayo. Izimfanelo zakhe ngabanye azizange zibe khona. Ngokufa komlingani, owesifazane ulahlekelwa incazelo yokuphila.

U-Olenka ushada futhi

Lapho u-Olenka, njengenjwayelo, ebuya ekhaya, uVasily Andreyevich Pustovalov, owayegijima emahlathini omthengisi uBabyeyev, wayenaye. Uholele owesifazane esangweni futhi washiya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi u-heroine wethu akazitholanga indawo. Ngokushesha, inqwaba evela ePustovalov yabonakala endlini yakhe. Intsha idlala umshado futhi yaqala ukuphila-ihlala ngokuthula nokuvumelana. Manje u-Olenka wakhuluma kuphela ngomhlaba wehlathi, mayelana namanani enkuni, mayelana nobunzima bokuhamba kwawo. Wayecabanga ukuthi wayenza njalo. Endlini yasePustovalov kwakumfudumala futhi kutholile, kwakumnandi ngokudla okwenziwe ekhaya. Abashadile abahambanga kuphi, bechitha ngempelasonto kuphela enkampanini yomunye nomunye. Lapho abanye beluleka ukuthi "othandekayo" ukuba ahambe futhi avulekele emidlalo yaseshashalazini, uphendule ukuthi lokhu kuwumsebenzi ongenalutho hhayi kubantu abasebenza. Lapho engekho umkakhe, lapho ehamba ehlathini, lo wesifazane wayenesizungu. Isikhathi sakhe sokuzilibazisa ngezinye izikhathi sasikhanyiswa yizilwane zezilwane uSmirnin. Le nkosikazi kwelinye idolobha yashiya umkakhe nengane, engamvimbeli ukuba angahlali isikhathi nabanye besifazane. U-Olenka wamhlambalaza futhi wameluleka ngokuqinile ukuba acabange kangcono futhi abuyisane nomkakhe. Ngakho-ke bekuyoba ukuthula komndeni "ukuthakazelisa" iminyaka eminingi, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yokufa kabuhlungu komyeni wakhe. UVasily Andreitch waboshwa wabulawa ngokuzumayo. U-Olenka waphinde wangena ekulileni okukhulu. Yini umlobi efuna ukunaka lapho echaza okunamathiselwe kwesibili kwe-heroine, yini eyenza i-Chekhov lapha? Umphefumulo omncane ungowesifazane ongenabugovu, okwazi ukuzwa okukhulu nokujulile. Isimo esibucayi ukuthi umlando wothando olukhulu ethuneni empilweni ye-heroine iphindwe. Futhi lapha into efanayo: ukuqedwa okuphelele kulabo abathandekayo, ukukhuluma ngamazwi akhe, ukuthula komndeni othulile kanye nokuphela okubuhlungu.

Uzwela olusha lwe-heroine

Manje abantu abakuzungezile babona neze u-Olenka. Ngezinye izikhathi kungatholakala esontweni noma emakethe yemifino nompheki. Kodwa ngokushesha omakhelwane babona lesi sigceke egcekeni lendlu: "othandana" uhlezi etafuleni ensimini, futhi eduze kwakhe ephuza itiye uSimirnin. Konke kwacaca kusukela ngesikhathi u-Olenka etshela umngane wakhe ngeposi ngokuphathelene nenkinga yobisi ukungcoliswa kwezinkomo ezigulayo namahhashi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nsizwa yaxoxa kuphela ngesifo sezinkomo, mayelana nezifo ze-pearl nokunye okuningi. U-Olenka no-Smirnin bazama ukugcina ubuhlobo buyimfihlo. Nokho, kwacaca kwabanye: okunamathiselwe okusha kuvele enhliziyweni yowesifazane. Yini enye uKhekhov azolitshela endabeni yakhe ethi "Dushechka"? Isishwankathelo somsebenzi sikuvumela ukuthi ulandele uchungechunge lwezinzwa zakwa-Olenka. Umbhali unikeza umfundi ukuqonda imizwa ejulile ye-heroine. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesibonelo sokuphindaphinda kwesimo, sibonisa ukuthi zilinganiselwe kangakanani nokuthi ziyisihlobo sini. Kuyacaca ukuthi umuzwa omusha wazalwa kanjani enhliziyweni heroine. Lona okunamathiselwe kwesithathu. Ehlekisayo, kubonakala sengathi lapho efika, ukulila okukhulu kowesifazane kuyanyamalala ngokushesha.

U-Olenka uhlala yedwa

Kodwa hhayi u-Olenka omude wayejabule futhi manje. Ngokushesha uSmirnin wathunyelwa ebuthweni elikude, futhi washiya ngaphandle kokuletha othandekayo wakhe naye. Owesifazane washiya yedwa. Ubaba wakhe washona esikhathini esidlule. Kwakungekho abantu abasondelene nabo. Izinsuku ezimnyama zaqala ngo-Olenka. Ukhulile, usukhulile futhi usekhulile. Abangane, lapho ebonwa, bazama ukuya komunye umkhawulo womgwaqo ukuze bangahlangabezane naye. Ebusuku ehlobo u-Olenka wayehlezi egumbini, ezama ukukhumbula konke okunamathiselwe kwakhe. Kodwa kwakubonakala sengathi akulutho. Kwabonakala kuye ukuthi kwakungenasici ekuphileni. Ngaphambili, wayengachaza konke, akhulume ngakho konke. Manje, enhliziyweni yakhe nasengqondweni yakhe, kwakungekho lutho olunjalo, ngakho kwakunzima kakhulu futhi lubuhlungu, njengokungathi "wadla umhlonyane". Lowo wachaza isizungu se-heroine endabeni yakhe uChekhov AP Dushechka uhlala kuphela uma enganika uthando othandekayo eceleni kwakhe. Kubonakala sengathi udinga ukuzisola nge-heroine, ngoba uhlupheka. Kodwa umbhali ngamabomu futhi manje uyazibamba imizwa ka-Olenka, ewahlukanisa ngamazwi: "njengokungathi umhlonyane udlile ...". Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi izithombe ezisekuphileni komuntu wesifazane zishintsha kanjani ngokushesha kusukela ekudumeni okukhulu nokudabuka kuya enjabulweni ephelele.

Incazelo entsha yokuphila kwe-heroine

Konke kwashintsha ngomzuzwana owodwa. Wabuyela edolobheni laseSmirnin nomkakhe nendodana eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala. U-Olenka wamema yena nomndeni wakhe ngenjabulo ukuba bahlale endlini yakhe. Yena ngokwakhe wathuthela ephikweni. Incazelo entsha ibonakale empilweni yakhe. Wahamba ejabule, elahliwe egcekeni. Lolu shintsho aluzange linyamalale emehlweni abanye. Abangane baqaphela ukuthi lo wesifazane wayemncane, ohle kakhulu, engcono. Kwacaca kuwo wonke umuntu: "owayengumngane" wangaphambili waphinduka. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi enhliziyweni yakhe godu uthando olusha. Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi othandekayo kaKovv u-Olenka uthathephi konke. Uzwela lwakhe lokugcina luyisibonelo sokuthandana kokubeletha okungenabugovu , isisa, ukuzimisela ukufela ingane yakhe. Mhlawumbe, wonke owesifazane empilweni yakhe kufanele aqaphele lesi sidingo sangokwemvelo - ukunikeza ububele nokufudumala kubantwana. Siyajabula ukuthi heroine yethu yenzeke njengowesifazane nomama.

Imizwa yomama emphefumulweni we-Olenka

U-Olenka wayethanda ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe uSasha - indodana kaSmirnin. Umkakhe wezilwane wezilwane wangaphambili washiya iKharkov ebhizinisini, yena ngokwakhe wachitha izinsuku zalahleka endaweni ethile, ebonakala ebusuku kuphela. Usuku lonke umntwana wayeseyedwa endlini. Kwabonakala ku-Olenka ukuthi wayehlala elambile, eshiywa abazali bakhe. Wathatha lo mfana waya endlini yakhe yokuhlala. Owesifazane wambuka ngothando luni, wamhambela waya ejimini. Yeka ukuthi wamphatha kanjani umntwana, wamphatha ngokungapheli ngamaswidi. USasha wenza umsebenzi wesikole ngamuphi umthokozo. Manje kusukela "othandana" ungazwa kuphela ngokutadisha egumbini lokuzivocavoca, izincwadi, othisha kanye nokunye okunjalo. U-Olenka waqhakaza futhi wahlukumeza. Omunye owesifazane wesaba ukuthi uzothathwa ngokuzumayo uSasha wakhe othandekayo. Ngabe ukwesaba ukuthi walalela obongqongqoza esangweni: kuthiwani uma lokhu kuyi-telegram evela kumama womfana ofuna yona? Kulo mzuzwana ongapheli, uChekhov uphetha umsebenzi wakhe. "Darling", ukuhlaziywa kanye nesifinyeto esinikezwa lapha, yindaba mayelana nothando olungenabugovu olutholakala njalo emphakathini wethu, mayelana nokubonakaliswa kwezinye izikhathi okungenangqondo nokuhlekisa. Into eyinhloko ku-heroin yinto ehlala njalo yezinwele nokufudumala, ukukhathazeka kanye ne-caresses. Okumnandi futhi okubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa naye, abakhethiweyo bakhe. Uhlekisayo kuphela kuleyo nxenye, lapho esamukela ngokuphelele indlela yabo yokuphila kanye nemibono yabo ngeqiniso. Kuphela kokugcina kokuthandana komama okubeletha kuba kuhle ngempela. Kulesi sithombe sakhe, abesifazane abaningi bayoziqaphela ngokuqinisekile.

Sibuyisela futhi sihlaziye indaba kaChekhov ethi "Dushechka," landela ukuthi owesifazane ovela esibhedlela esincane esiseduze uphenduka kanjani u-heroine wangempela weChekhov.