UBorodino: ubani owawubhala? Umlando wokudalwa kwembongo "Borodino"

I-Patriotic War of 1812 isacatshangwa ukuthi iyisibonelo esihle kunazo zonke sokuphakama kobuzwe baseRussia, lapho abantu ababumbene bevuka ukuze baphinde bahlasele isitha, ngaphandle kokuhlukana baba yizigaba nezindawo.

Izenzakalo zempi enkulu nebutho likaNapoleon, okwenzeka eduze kwaseMoscow, lahlala enkumbulweni yabantu, emaphethweni abaculi, emakhasini amanoveli nasemigqeni yevesi. Inkondlo, ebhekwa njengeyona engcono kakhulu, ibizwa ngokuthi- "Borodino". Ngubani owabhala le ngoma yezinkondlo zokuthanda izwe laseRussia, yaziwa ezinsukwini zokugubha iminyaka engu-25 ye -Battle of Borodino, ngo-1837.

Isimbongi, isikhulu, i-patriot

Wayehloswe ukuba aphile impilo emfushane kakhulu, kodwa inani lalokho okwenziwe kanye nekhwalithi yethalenta lakhe liyashaqeka, igama lakhe liphakathi kwamakhono amakhulu kakhulu abhala ngesiRashiya. Kokubili izinkondlo kanye ne-prose babhala imibhalo ejabulisa thina, ephila emakhulu amabili kamuva. UMikhail Yurievich Lermontov wazalelwa ngo-Okthoba 15, 1814 eMoscow.

Phakathi kwezimpande zakhe atholakala endleleni yaseScotland, yena ngokwakhe wabhala ngobaba wakhe mayelana nenkosi yaseSpain yekhulu le-XVII uFrancisco Lerme, kodwa wakhulela endaweni yaseRussia futhi wazungezwa izikhulumi zakhe ezikhuluma ulimi lwesiRussia. Ukubheka kwakhe ukubhala, ngokumangalisa ukwamukeleka emvelweni, kwaba yinto ebalulekile yokuthi leli talenta lombhalo kaLermontov laziwa masinyane kubo bonke abafunda iRussia.

Ngemuva kwemizamo engaphumeleli yokuthola imfundo yaseyunivesithi eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, okwaphela ukuphikisana nabaprofesa, uLermontov waphumelela e-Guards School of Ensigns futhi waqala umsebenzi wezempi. Kamuva, ngokwemibono yabantu besikhathi sakhe, wazibonakalisa e-Caucasus njengempi enesibindi futhi ehlakaniphile.

I-Anniversary of the War Patriotic War of 1812

Isikhathi esincane esasiphila ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kukaNapoleon kwakuyisandulela esikhulu sikaLermontov, uPushkin, okwathi ngenxa yobusha abakwazanga ukuhlanganyela empini, kodwa wayejwayelene kakhulu namaqhawe amaningi eParriotic War. Kusuka phakathi kwabo amaDembembrists avele, abanobucabango babo bezingezinhlobo eziningi ezabelwana nguPushkin.

Amageyimu 'wezulu lokuduma kweeminyaka eyi-12' azungezwe kanye noLermontov, isizukulwane sabanqobile bakaNapoleon sihlanganyele ngokugcwele empilweni yomphakathi waseRussia, abaningi ababebazi kahle. Kusukela ebuntwaneni walalela izindaba zezilwane zempi - abalimi. Futhi lapha ukuthi ukuqala kwendaba yokudalwa kwenkondlo ethi "Borodino" iqala, ngemuva kokuba wonke umalume wakhe u-Afanasy u-Alekseevich Stolypin ehlanganyele empini yaseBorodino.

Ngitshele, malume ... "

Wayengumfowabo ka-Elizabeth Alexeyevna Arsenieva - ugogo wengqongqoshe, owathanda uMikhail Yurevich, wamkhuphula futhi ekugcineni wamngcwaba uLermontov endaweni yakhe ngemuva kokufa kwesibongo esiphezulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni komkhankaso we-Napoleonic, u-Athanasius Stolypin wayengumphathi wezinqola, wabulawa ngo-1807 ePrussia, ngenkathi elwa neMpi yaseBorodino, walwa nenye yezindawo ezifudume kakhulu - iShevardin Redoubt. Iphawulwe ngu-Kutuzov uqobo futhi inikezwe isikhali segolide - inkemba enegama: "Ngokuba isibindi." UCaptain-captain u-Athanasius Stolypin wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wezilwandle waseRussia emaphandleni ngo-1814 futhi kwaze kwaze kwaba yilapho eseqeshwe khona ehlonishwa phakathi kwabasebenza nabo.

UMikhail Yurievich wayemncane kunabo iminyaka engu-26, futhi phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ubudlelwane obungane nabomndeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho eba nguye owabhala inkondlo ethi "Borodino", owabhala ekuqaleni kokukhala kwakhe: "Yithi-Uncle," - kwacaca abaningi lapho ezwa khona izindaba ngalezo zinsuku ezimbi ezibonisa umlobi we-protagonist Ubhekisela kubani umbhali.

"Insimu yaseBorodino"

Isibongo sokuqala senkondlo esihlokweni sempi yaseBorodino senzeke ngo-1830, lapho ebhala inkondlo ethi "The Field of Borodin." Kuzo ezinye izithombe eziqhakazile nokuqhathanisa sezivele zitholakale, ukuphakama kokulinganiswa kokuxhashazwa kwesosha, okubhekiswe ekunqobeni kukaPeter Omkhulu eduze kwePoltava kanye nokuxhaphazwa kwamasosha kaSuvorov, kuchazwe. Kodwa-ke, imbongi yabe isizwa ukuthi isihloko esithintekayo sidinga ukuzalwa okufisa kakhulu.

Ingqikithi yokuqala yenkondlo-isikhumbuzo kumaqhawe aseBorodin Lermontov wabhala eneminyaka engu-16. Uma sicabanga ukuthi leli talenta lembongi lalingashesha kangakanani ukuqonda, umuntu angaqonda ukuthi ngubani owafika eminyakeni engu-25 yempi eseduze nomuzi waseBorodino, owabhala inguqulo yokugcina yenkondlo. Lokhu kungumuntu obumbwe, imbongi onomnikazi wangempela we-versification.

I-feat yabantu

Inkondlo edumile kunazo zonke ngempi ka-1812 yayiwumphumela wokuzindla okujulile okubangelwa indlela yokugubha iminyaka engu-25 yokuqala kwempi noNapoleon. Isimbongi sasifuna ukuveza umbono wakhe ngezizathu zokunqoba, mayelana nendima yabantu abavamile abaye babhekene nokuncishiswa kwezempi.

Umqondo oyinhloko obhekene nenkondlo ethi "Borodino" ukuthi ibutho likaNapoleon lahlukunyezwa hhayi nje ngesimo esiqinile se-Kutuzov, hhayi nje ngethalente lempi nolwazi lwabaphathi abahlakaniphile kanye nezikhulu, ngobuqhawe babo nesibindi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlasela kwamanye amazwe Bonke abantu basukuma, iqiniso lokuthi isosha laseRussia labonisa ukuqina, likhulu kunomhlaseli webutho laseNapoleon, ngenxa yokuthi umoya wezempi webutho laseRussia wawunamandla.

Futhi lo mqondo awukwazi ukuthola kuphela impendulo emphakathini, ukushisa kwezwe lomhlaba "Borodino" akukwazanga ukunakwa. Ubani obhala umbhalo ogcwele okuqukethwe okungokomoya okuphezulu, kodwa okhulunywa ngolimi olusemhlabeni nolwazilekelekile, alukwazi ukusiza kodwa luzwakale.

Indaba Yombutho

Umqondo weLermontov uthole ifomu elimangalisayo lokulandisa ngesinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseRussia - ezempi kanye nezenhlalo nezombangazwe. Indaba yokucindezeleka okukhulu kwenkathi yokuqala yempi, yokubuyela emuva, ukuthi inzondo ephikisana nesitha esilondolozwe, yenzelwa isosha ngendlela elula, eqotho, ulimi olukhulunywa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Lolu limi luchaza izenzakalo ezinonya emkhakheni weBorodino: ukulindeka okubuhlungu kwempi eqinile, ukuhlaselwa okuhlaselwa, ukungaziqapheli kwamasosha nabaholi nokulahleka okukhulu emaceleni omabili. Ukulula kombukiso wezenzakalo kuqinisekisa kuphela iqiniso le ndaba, kunikeza imicimbi ukubaluleka okukhethekile.

Mayelana ne-Motherland, ngesibindi, ngenkazimulo

Isosha laseRussia laphinde laphinde laya ensimini yaseBorodino, evikela inhloko-dolobha isitha. Ngo-1941, futhi, ucingo lwazwakala: "Amantombazane, hhayi iMoscow ayethu!" - futhi wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ubani owabhala inkondlo ethi "Borodino". Ngempela, kuphela ukuhlakanipha kwangempela, i-patriot yangempela, engadala imigqa yokufaneleka namandla. Yilokhu kanye uMikhail Lermontov.