Inhlonhlo Gydansky: imali, isimo sezulu, ababizwa nangokuthi uhulumeni. Reserve enhlonhlweni Gydan

Gydan Peninsula sezulu elibuhlungu eyaziwa ezifakwa uwoyela negesi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela. On endaweni yayo kuyinto reserve. Ngutiphi tilwane ezweni olwandle bukhule khona, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

Likuphi Peninsula Gydansky?

Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho emathafeni laseSiberia we Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Le nhlonhlo ivame wageza yi Sea Kara. Territory Gydan nhlonhlo kuthatha ibanga elingamakhilomitha amane ubude okuningi ububanzi. Indawo yayo imelelwa emathafeni inamagquma sakhiwa ezifakwa zasolwandle kanye glacial, ohlangothini lwaseningizimu, odlulayo entabeni.

Ibizwa ngokuthi Taman, ukuphakama kwayo - amamitha angamakhulu amabili. Gydan Peninsula, lapho isimo sezulu elibuhlungu, iyona indawo taz esifundeni Yamal futhi Taimyr District, Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Isimo sezulu we Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

Amandla ukushisa exchange balo nokusakazwa kwalo umoya kuncike emisebeni yelanga. Siyoba yini engela ukuthambekela ilanga imisebe kunqunywa indawo sendawo ethile. Enhlonhlweni Gydan eyodwa isentimitha endaweni sikwele uthola ayisikhombisa kilojoule emisebeni yelanga.

Isibalo izinsuku ngonyaka enamazinga okushisa angaphezu zero - eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu neshumi. Ebusika, usakazwa ngamakhophi emkhathini kungaphansi High Asian. Nge kuyadamba yakhe esifundeni siguqulwe ukungena emoyeni quba Atlantic Ocean. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuza sifudumale futhi ncibilika, iqhwa.

Winter ku Peninsula Gydan yinde kunazo zezulu isizini. Ngo-Arctic kuthatha izinyanga kuze kufinyelele eziyisishiyagalombili. I ngokuphelele lokushisa obuncane degrees ayisithupha nanye. Ikhava iqhwa ifinyelela ayisikhombisa - ayisishiyagalombili ngamasentimitha. It kuncike ezindaweni wesifunda. Inkathi frost esitebeleni ihlala kufika izinsuku eziyikhulu namashumi amabili.

ihlobo Gydan enhlonhlweni izinga lokushisa nyangazonke - izinyathelo eziyishumi ngenhla zero. ama-akhawunti Lesi sikhathi ngenyanga ka July, lapho falling imvula enkulu. Ukukhethwa iyona nezimfunda. Lapha basuke iningi uwela ngo-August.

Autumn ku Peninsula Gydan kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa ngezansi izinyathelo eziyishumi. September nango-October zinezikhathi ukwehla kancane kancane izinga lokushisa kanye Ukukhemezela njalo. izindawo Intaba nezimfunda eqandisiwe uhambisane ekupheleni Agasti.

inqolobane Gydansky

Idethi lasungulwa kuyinto nesishiyagalolunye ngonyaka ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha. Injongo ukudalwa esiqiwini - ukuze kulondolozwe imvelo maqondana imithelela ezenziwe umuntu ku uwoyela negesi ukuhlola ndawo. Phela, ososayensi bokuma komhlaba futhi drillers sina wephule reindeer emadlelweni nokuzingela ekusebenzeni imishini esindayo. Ingxenye leli chibi ubuthi effluents kanye nezixazululo, kwaphazamisa ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo yemvelo zezinyoni nezilwane. inqolobane Gydan enhlonhlweni kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozweni inyoni flyway, okuyisona ngasogwini Asian yasenyakatho.

Kuyinto omncane kunathi reserve Tyumen. indawo yaso taz esifundeni. Esiqiwini oluthatha nhlonhlo Gydansky, Yavay, izinyamazane, ama-mammoth futhi iziqhingi ezincane. Indawo 878.174.000 amahektha. Insimu reserve - sezwe ethafeni uthambile, zisuka emoyeni ziqonde ezitshekile. Kukhona ezineqhwa, imali okuxekethile phansi iqhwa enamandla, ukushuba we izingqimba kuyinto 4-5 amamitha. Indawo is ngokuphelele imbozwe eyiqhwa kuze kube amamitha angamakhulu amathathu ezijulile. July kuya Agasti ezibhekwa izinyanga olufudumele konyaka, futhi Januwari - lo enomoya noma izinga lokushisa ngokuphelele ubuncane - degrees engamashumi ayisithupha nantathu.

imithombo yamanzi

North Reserve akhelene ulwandle kubanda Russian Arctic - Kara. I enkulu zone sogu lolwandle emhlabeni kuyinto le nsimu. Ngakho-ke, amanzi aqabulayo imifula egeleza olwandle kuthinte ke ngaphakathi amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili aphuma ngomlomo. Inkomba izinguquko amanzi usawoti. Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa eNtshonalanga yeSiberia noLwandle Kara ube Yenisei kanye ob. Ngemva impumuzo kolwandle kanye uhlaka Kumiswa emfuleni notshwala. Imifula Nutrition iyancibilika izinguzunga zeqhwa. Ehlobo emfuleni zigcwele amanzi, kodwa kuzo kancane kakhulu. A rivulet nqabela ezincane kuya phansi ebusika. emathafeni emfuleni kakhulu emazombezombe. Leli chibi ayijulile, ngakho ngo-nqabela ebusika phezu kwawo wonke ukujula. Amanzi iningi labo ongaphakeme amaminerali.

izimila reserve

Ngokungafani eningizimu Yamal Peninsula Gydan kamuva lalibukeka reindeer krupnotabunnoe nokuthuthukiswa kule nhlonhlo. It nendima ukongiwa inhlabathi kanye izimila injalo zemvelo. Insimu iziqhingi oLwandle Kara futhi ezisenyakatho enhlonhlweni matasa Gydan enhlabathini nohlaza ezimibalabala, kwakhiwa okuyinto by moss, ezinwabuzelayo nezihlahla, ulele futhi utshani, okuyinto igcwele ama-sedge. Insimu inqolobane ecebile bogs eziyinkimbinkimbi zesikhashana etholakala ezindaweni eziphansi watersheds futhi floodplains. Ezindaweni ezithile lapho echibini yomile, ukusakaza Izimfunda kwaphela izimila herbaceous.

Ziya ngokuya kule ndawo amakhulu eminyaka amaningi athonywe abantu bomdabu - Nenets. Zidla izinkomo, bagawula izihlahla kanye ehlathini, imililo wahlela ngokukhethekile ukunweba indawo emadlelweni yayiklaba. Manje eningizimu esiqiwini larch okwandile. Maphakathi - i Alder, ummeleli evamile subzone nezimfunda. Flora has zinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili izitshalo. Lesi sibalo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sezwe.

Izinyoni nezilwane

Fauna Reserve ngokulinganiswa ayemncane. Izinsalela endala Imininingwane omkhulukazi iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu. IRed egwalweni Russian Federation kulekelelwa Sturgeon eSiberia futhi loon ophuzi-ukhokhiswe, Lesser White-fronted futhi Goose Red breast, nefukezi encane nenqe, Orlan - tailed, kanye polar bear, isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula nasenyakatho imikhomo fin. Bonke - abakhileyo nhlonhlo.

Gydan Peninsula, lapho esiqiwini idume isidleke Red-Gagra, ihansi elimhlophe-fronted, duck, duck eside tailed, King Eider, Rock ptarmigan, sandpiper-vorobeya, Asian Pacific Golden Plover nabanye abaningi. Lapha sifake nezidleke zazo izinyoni ezidla inyama - peregrine falcon futhi Buzzard anolaka-ezinemilenze.

Esiqiwini siphile shrews insectivorous, namagundane, lemmings, abahlukumezi: Amabhere ezimhlophe, futhi ehlobo futhi nsundu, izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimpungushe. Lihlala reindeer zasendle futhi amaphiva, okuyinto kuphela isimenywa nezindawo eziseduzane.

Izakhamuzi umcengezi amanzi

Amanzi reserve egeza kutholakala Sturgeon, lamprey laseSiberia, Arctic Char - ummeleli izinhlanzi ama-salmon. Coastal amanzi maphakathi nezwe sichichima Grayling, salmon ezimhlophe, Tugun, Arctic omul, whitefish kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi.

River reserve egcwele burbot, stickleback futhi isiphika. Esikhathini esidlule, emanzini asogwini enyakatho esiqiwini wayegcwele walruses nezimpawu. Manje nokuvuthwa isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula ngezinye izikhathi waphawula enhlonhlweni White. Zezinto eziphilayo Cetacean iyikhaya Beluga imikhomo, narwhals nemikhomo fin.

Gyda ensimini

Isigaba sokuqala ukuhlola iphathelene sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lezi zifundo yayiqhutshelwa usebenzisa ucwaningo zokuzamazama komhlaba we indlela amagagasi kubonakala. Usesho Ukuqhuba imisebenzi sogu lolwandle kwahlelwa nineties kwekhulu elidlule. Ngemva isifundo eningilizayo yazo zonke lezi imiphumela eyatholakala Kamennomysskoye-itholakele futhi isakhiwo enyakatho elinegama elifanayo.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa izidubedube ka emanzini angasogwini - 1999. Konke wayezimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuziphatha imishini ngokuhlola imithombo lokuqala sogu lolwandle. It lagcwaliseka esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi zezimboni ezifakwa igesi eziveza wamiswa. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaphawula umsebenzi ukuzamazama komhlaba ukulungiswa imishini ngokuhlola endaweni futhi Chugoryahinskoy ob izakhiwo, lapho ngo-2002 kulezi zindawo wavula Cenomanian igesi.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile umsebenzi emanzini kule nhlonhlo. Amasimu okusha Gydan Peninsula abekwa kumephu bese uqale ukuthuthukiswa izimboni. Okwamanje, ziqukethe kwabayisithupha amathani ayizigidi ezingu uwoyela, amamitha zezigidi ezimbili intilibathwa igesi kanye amathani amane izigidi ezingu condensate yayo.