Inkondlo N. A. Nekrasova "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia": izithombe, kuvetwa kwebalingisi, umthole oyoxoxa emfushane. Ukuze siphile kahle eRussia?

Ekuqaleni 1866 omunye "Sovremennik" umagazini wadedelwa Petersburg, futhi wavula imigqa, okuyinto manje ukwazi pheze konke:

"Ngayiphi ngonyaka - ukubala,

Ku-phansi - ukuqagela ... "

La mazwi kwakufanele ukudweba umfundi phakathi ezimangalisayo emhlabeni lwasemaphusheni, futhi kuba nabo kusukela ngo umthole oyoxoxa emfushane kukamagazini i- "Ukuze siphile kahle eRussia." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abaningi baye bafunda ukuthi ngaphezulu kuyoba emangalisayo inyoni-warbler, akwazi ukukhuluma nabantu, umlingo kwendwangu futhi eziningi nezinye izinto, eliqoshwe inkumbulo abafundi kuze kube yilolu suku. Kwasekusithi akhululeke iqala umthole oyoxoxa emfushane "Ukuze siphile kahle eRussia", ositshela mayelana adventures amadoda ayisikhombisa abanquma ukugembula ngubani kuyajabulisa futhi kuhlala kuwe ngekukhululeka izwe lazo lendabuko.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Inkondlo "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" kuyinto kufike esidalweni esiphakeme kunazo N. A. Nekrasova, futhi zathuthukisa lo mbono isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba sibe nalo msebenzi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-nane ekulotshweni umbhalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akazange ukuphatha ukuqedela le nkondlo, ke kubonisa i lobalulekile kakhulu nomphakathi.

Umsebenzi wobuciko kuhlanganisa izahluko ezine, elihlanganiswa nomunye futhi kulandiswe indlela amadoda babephikisana ngokuthi injabulo eRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bazama siqale sicabangele ongakhetha kuphela agcwele izicukuthwane ahlukahlukene, kodwa ekugcineni nje wenqaba ukuhlangana kwezinye izigaba zabantu, ngoba empeleni (njenge umbhali) wazama ukuthola ncamashi injabulo yabantu.

Uzungu nkondlo esiqhutshwa ifomu ikhambo evumela umbhali ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene imidwebo inqubo echaza izimo ezahlukene. Kakade esanduleleni sale umbhali usikhombisa indida ezicashile mayelana samanje ngokoqobo isiRashiya, athukuthela ngayo amagama afanele emadolobhaneni: Gorelov, Dyryavina, Razutova, Neelova nabanye abaningi.

Ukuqalisa

Kakade Esanduleleni sikhombisa isithombe lesi ongumlimi Russia, kubonakala umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho umsebenzi - umlimi abavamile, livela ngqo njengoba kufanele kube eqinisweni: e leggings, kanye elingenamikhono izimbadada sika sihlala silambile futhi azinaso isineke, usizi lwabo.

Once in the "Contemporary" umagazini onyatheliswa asebenzisa iDemo "Ukuze siphile kahle eRussia", iminyaka emithathu sele idlulile, futhi kuphela uma ukushicilelwa le nkondlo avuselelwe, kodwa umuntu ngamunye ngokuvamile ngaphansi ukucwaninga esiqinile kakhulu phezu ingxenye umbuso tsarist, ikholelwa ukuthi lobu umkhiqizo has a okuqukethwe ugly kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, kube isahluko sokugcina liye wagxeka, abaningi abawazi yegama lakhe "Idili." Ngeshwa, umlobi wabona kuphela umthole oyoxoxa emfushane "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia", futhi kushicilelwe wonke amanye izahluko wayengezwanga akwazi ukubamba, ngoba ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela nokuncishiswa le nkondlo eshicilelwe ngemva kokuphela Okthoba Revolution.

Lokhu inkondlo emsebenzini Nekrasov kunikezwa endaweni emaphakathi, futhi kuba Selilonke ngemibono kanye zokudala, umphumela wokugcina yokucabanga kombhali mayelana isiphetho zabantu, injabulo yakhe, kanye umgwaqo oya kuyo. Wonke la maphuzu kwakungamadodana oyinhloko imbongi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, futhi njalo kubonakala ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene. "Orin, unina nesosha", "Ujantshi", "Frost, Red Nose" - zonke lezi imisebenzi ebalulekile, lapho umlobi kufikile inkondlo "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia". Ongumlimi nomlimi - balingisi labagcamile elale ndalo, okuyinto kwembula inkinga njengoba kubekiwe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Inqubo yokubhala

Eminyakeni embalwa ngakho ngamnika umsebenzi kule nkondlo ukusibiza kwakhe "ingane ozithandayo." Ekugcineni, wazama ukwenza real "incwadi ethandwayo," kubizwe ngokuthi "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia". Ongumlimi noma umlimi langaleso sikhathi kwakufanele kubona kweqiniso zokuphila kwakhe nenzalo ababeqonda ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku, abantu abaningi bazizwa.

Nekrasov ngokwakhe wathi endabeni wazala ukwethula konke ulwazi lwakho abantu, futhi zonke ayewezwile kusukela izindebe abantu abavamile. Ngaleyo ndlela, yena wadala amaqhawe yangempela yokuphila ongumlimi futhi wambiza ngokuthi 'Ubani Uhlala kahle eRussia ". Matrona Timofeevna ibonisa isithombe ongumlimi yangempela isiRashiya, esichaza eziyisisekelo nezimfanelo ezakhayo futhi izimiso zokuphila.

Nekrasov umsebenzi omkhulu waphazanyiswa owesifazane ngokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nombhali, ukuze sisebenzele wafika akuphelele. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, it azigcina Amazing ubuqotho kwezobuciko futhi kusekelwe endleleni ethile yokucabanga.

ngokuletha umnikelo

Encwadini yakhe ethi, Nekrasov kwaba able kuze dlweza uhlobo Folk yeqhawe. Uma kuziwa ku-imisebenzi abantu ngempela, okuyinto kwahluka ukuba emikhulu isithombe yeqhawe wokuphila kwabantu, kanye umsindo walo ngemibono kanye nokusungulwa imibuzo eyisisekelo isikhathi, kuziwa emqondweni "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia". Matrona Timofeevna nezinye izinhlamvu eziningi zahlala enkumbulweni yami ukufaka, uhlamvu namaqiniso esiyingqayizivele. Umlobi wakwazi kabanzi zisebenzisa emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo Folk ubuciko, kanye nokuba seduze ulimi lwakhe olusankondlo abendlu amafomu yokukhuluma kanye ingoma-eyinqaba lyricism kabani wesiko.

Nekrasov inkondlo Ubuye ezinye izici isici okwangempela ezibucayi. Esikhundleni uhlamvu oluthile kuyinto imvelo abantu abavamile e-jikelele, futhi ibonisa isimo ekuphileni kumibuthano ehlukile ngokuphelele emphakathini. umbono wabantu into yangempela sivezwe kula inkondlo ngokwayo okuthuthukiswa ngayo umongo wendaba, usenza sibone ukuthi sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia kanye nemicimbi efakiwe ibekwa njengezinto bezibona wangempela abalimi abajikelezayo, futhi ethulwa kulofundzako sengathi embonweni wabo siqu.

okuqukethwe

Esikhathini "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" inkinga ukuphila kazwelonke kwembulwe ngokugcwele. Imicimbi lo msebenzi ziwenza endaweni eminyakeni yokuqala emva ukwamukelwa kabusha ngo-1861, kwalandela wenkululeko abalimi. Abantukazana nabantu ngokwabo benza lapha omuhle, iqhawe, futhi nalo nombhali amathemba abo ekusasa eliqhakazile, nakuba bazi kahle ukuthi ubuthaka kangakanani kungaba umbhikisho ongumlimi ngenxa yokungavuthwa kwabo ukuze afeze noma isiphi isenzo sina wamavukelambuso.

Esikhathini "Ngubani Uhlala Kahle" inkinga ongumlimi sivezwe kula uhlobo Savely ongumlimi, osimo kuyinto okusikhumbuza "Russia oNgcwele namaqhawe Homespun" ukuthi kubonisa amandla esinganqobeki namandla abantu. Ngo Savely ukuboniswa izici namaqhawe odumile nendumezulu kazwelonke. Lesi sithombe Nekrasov yena ixhuma ekhuluma ngesici esiyinhloko le nkondlo - ". Siphile kahle Ubani eRussia" usesho isibonisa indlela yokuthola injabulo abantu, echaza Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inkondlo kwenza unake okukhethekile Matrona Timofyevna othi Savely abahambi: ". Lucky kwaba kakhulu" Injabulo protagonist kuyinto volnolyubiya nasekuqondeni ezibalulekile indlela umzabalazo wabantu, ngoba indlela kuphela ukufeza ngempela "mpumuzo" wokuphila.

nezinye izithombe

Kuyinto lezi zinto zenza ekhumbulekayo phakathi kwezinye izinkondlo eziningi yilona "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia". inkondlo ukuhlaziywa zisenza sikwazi ukubona eziningi izithombe sikhunjulwe abalimi, kuhlanganise Vlas smart nabadala, okungenze wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili ekuphileni kwakhe, futhi Yakima Nude, okuyinto umlimi ejwayelekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbhali kuvezwa Yakim Naga akuyona ejwayelekile ongumlimi abacindezelwe neyokungazi, iphuma emzaneni lapho indoda iyikhanda lomndeni. Ngokujulile uyazi nesithunzi sakhe, uzama kakhulu kakhulu ukuvikela udumo abantu, wathi izinkulumo ezivutha njengomlilo evikela bonke abantu.

Ukufunda "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" by isahluko, uzophawula ukuthi ngempela indima ebalulekile enkondlweni kunikezwa isithombe Ermila Kirin, okuyinto elingapheliko okumsulwa "advocate zabantu", ngubani yanquma ukuza ukuvikela abalimi abavukelayo ekugcineni ngathola ejele.

Matrona Timofeevna

Beautiful zesifazane isithombe Matrona Timofeevna oludalulwa "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" by isahluko, lapho imbongi uzama ukuchaza izici sici ongumlimi Russian. Ukukhuluma share zesifazane elibuhlungu, Nekrasov wabhala ngempela eziningi zezinkondlo okuthakazelisayo, kodwa ngothando kangaka nokufudumala ne achaza ngawo e inkondlo yakhe Matrenushku neze ebhaliwe, wayekade.

izinhlamvu yesibili

Kanye izinhlamvu ezahlukene imisebenzi ongumlimi ukuthi zivuse uthando futhi bahlanganyele ingxenye, Nekrasov futhi uzama ukuba akusho namanye izinhlobo abalimi abangamalungu ngomfanekiso egcekeni - sycophants, nimlalele, iziphanyeko ahlukile futhi amambuka oqondile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imbongi wazama ukuchaza lezi zithombe kwezinye amathoni satirical, futhi ngokucace kakhudlwana kwaba umbhikisho okusobala kwezinto abantukazana, kulapho uvele ukholo kokukhululwa kwabo, futhi ekulahlweni ngekutsi ngaphezulu umbhali sizibandakanye enze umsebenzi wobugqila ukuthobeka, servility futhi obsequiousness.

Lena yindlela "Ngubani Uhlala Kahle" lelandzisako indaba ephathwayo lichaza "isigqila okuyisibonelo" UJakobe, owagcina abaqapheli ezilulazayo kanjani ithatha isikhundla. Ngemva kwalokho, wanquma abalekele ngingakwazi nhlobo ukuzisiza futhi kuyadabukisa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo esesabeka izingqondo yakhe enze umsebenzi wobugqila yokuziphindiselela - unquma ukuzibulala phambi abavikela yakhe.

Futhi nazi Ipat efanelekayo, okumelelwe enkondlweni ngokuthi "flunky ebucayi" futhi impimpi Egorka Shutov, wathola isihloko "spy 'kwezinto zakhe uwine emuva indima ebalulekile" Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia ". Umastende ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ushiye intando lapho Wayala ukukhululwa kwe abalimi namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, kodwa indlalifa omdala Gleb bahehwa futhi ekugcineni zanquma amane azichithe idokhumenti.

izinhloso ezifihliwe

Ibonisa luhlata, inkolelo-ze, ukungazi, washiya emadolobhaneni omkhulu Russian sikhathi, Nekrasov wazama ngangokunokwenzeka ukugcizelela isimo sesikhashana izinhlangothi ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ongumlimi, okuyinto ngokomlando uye njalo sigudluke ngokwedlulele. Umhlaba okwakubekelwa ngokusankondlo ukusungulwa kulo msebenzi limelela indawo kokuqhathanisa kwezenhlalo futhi inani elikhulu ukushayisana abukhali ukuphila ukuphikisana.

Ngokwesibonelo, "Ubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" umninindlu Obolt-Obolduev owahlangabeza abangabazi futhi esichazwa ngokuthi "chubby, puzatenky, kamnandi futhi usatenky" lembula ngokugcwele frivolity nobuze nabantu abangasithandi esetshenziswa ukubonakalisa sina kuhlola timphilo tabo. Icashe azenze nabanomusa, okubonisa kuphela ngezilokotho nenhlonipho eziwubukhazikhazi izihambi, umninindlu empeleni egcwele intukuthelo futhi ukuzikhukhumeza, futhi ngokulambisa ukugcina inzondo nokunyanyisa abalimi.

Futhi, izithombe "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" satirically waphawula Umninindawo-ngobala engumashiqela isikhulu duck, okuyinto lithole isidlaliso of the last-abalimi. Ehlukile "impumulo uqhwaku like uklebe," ukubukeka okuzingela, nenkanuko nokuluthwa utshwala - konke lokhu kuphela izakhi ezengeziwe ukubukeka nowezinengiso nomele ejwayelekile kwabanikazi bamazwe imvelo egcwele Omashiqela inveterate nabanikazi bemihlaba amakhosi asendulo. Ngokufanayo, ukwenza lo msebenzi interesting kangaka futhi eyingqayizivele, kuqhathaniswa lonke.

Kubonakala sengathi okuqukethwe "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" kuhlanganisa isinqumo ingxabano madoda avamile abazama ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa, ngubani phakathi kwalaba bantu baphile ngenjabulo: inkosi, umfundisi, umpristi, umthengisi, umabhalane noma umnikazi wendawo. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa isinyathelo sale nkondlo Nekrasov kancane kancane iqala ethuthuka ngale ngesakhiwo ayebekelwe inkinga, kanye nabalimi sebeqala ukubheka hhayi kuphela abameleli nezigaba zabantu ababusayo. Ukutadisha okuqukethwe "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia", kungenzeka ukuba adonsele ukunakekela yokuthi impikiswano kakade seziqalile bafune phakathi kwabantu abavamile, uzama ukuthola umuntu uhlala ngenjabulo, futhi bangabenzi zokugcina-ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi uzama ukuthola injabulo kwabantu, okungcono ongumlimi share - umasipala unskinned, isifundazwe futhi unwhipped izbytkovo emzaneni.

Incazelo izinkinga zangempela

Kule indaba uhlobo jocular ithoni poluskazochnom umbhali nge ezingasho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ke delves zibe okushiwo umbuzo mayelana nenjabulo, ukuze anikezwa ukubaluleka komphakathi libukhali kakhulu. Iningi ngenhloso yokuqala umbhali e "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" abalimi ngalezo zikhathi kungabonwa ku ingxenye "Idili", kodwa ngaleso sikhathi-ke wawuwuvimbele ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi. Indaba mayelana Grisha Dobrosklonova, ezaqala ngo-le ngxenye kwadingeka ukuba isihloko injabulo ukuthunyelwa khona futhi kudingeke zilwe okuqhubekayo. Kulesi sahluko, umlobi wathi ngqo mayelana indlela futhi indlela ezingase ziholele esiphelele sazo injabulo yabantu. Grisha enjabulweni itholakala umzabalazo bayazi sekusasa elijabulisa kwabantu bakubo, futhi ufuna ukuba 'zonke ongumlimi eRussia oNgcwele wahlala kumnandi futhi kalula. " Uqinisile Nekrasov kwembulwe "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" inkinga yokuthi kwase injabulo, engesinye ecabange omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe.

Grisha isithombe uqeda uchungechunge "abavikeli zabantu", lapho umbhali kusenzo izinkondlo zakhe. Nekrasov wazama ukugcizelela uhlamvu isondele eduze abantu, kungenzeka inkhulumomphendvulwano unomphela nge abalimi, yena nabo, eqinisweni, ngangenela ukuqonda ngokugcwele futhi wakwazi ukuthola usekelo. Ngakho, Grisha kubukeka liphefumulelwe imbongi wemibono, ngubani wanquma ukuthatha indima slagatelya "iculo ezinhle 'kubantu bakhe.

Umsebenzi wobuciko "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" kuyinto isibonelo sobuhle abantu isitayela lonke uchungechunge izinkondlo Nekrasov sika. A uhlobo inganekwane futhi abantu-ingoma elementi inkondlo ivumela ekugcineni lona uhlobo uhlamvu kazwelonke futhi ukuxhumana ngqo inkolelo Nekrasov kulokho kungaba esizayo kakhulu abantu Russian. The main theme nkondlo ifuna injabulo, futhi iya ezihlukahlukene Folk songs, Folk yezinganekwane kanye neminye imithombo, lapho ingxenye enkulu kwathiwani yokuthi abalimi abafuna oluhle umhlaba, ingcebo, iqiniso, ingcebo nokuningi. Le timu ngokugcwele wazwakalisa iphupho ezithandwayo zezingoma iningi labantu, waqhubeka ukuphishekela injabulo, kanye iphupho wakudala bazo zonke izizwe babe zendlela yokufinyelela umyalelo nje emphakathini.

Lokhu inkondlo Nekrasov wazama ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene cishe yonke iyatholakala izinhlobo Folk-izinkondlo eRussia, kuhlanganise epics, tinganekwane, yezinganekwane, izaga, nezimfumbe, amazwi eziningi iculo ezahlukene. Ngakho, esebenzisa temdzabu, wayengumuntu impahla enothe ukuze nahlulele ongumlimi indlela yokuphila namasiko kwalesi sigodi.

inkondlo isitayela ugcwele ingcebo imisindo ngokomzwelo, kanye ezihlukahlukene enkulu ithoni olusankondlo, kuhlanganise ukumamatheka abanonya nge okudliwa lelandzisako kwesandulela, okuyinto ke ngezigaba ekuqaleni abaningi sithathelwe indawo Polyphony kunezinxushunxushu isixuku fair, ukuklolodelwa satirical "zokugcina owazalelwa", umuzwa lyrical futhi ezijulile ngemdlalo "ongumlimi Owesifazane" kanye bokubanga wamavukelambuso nezingxabano nobuqhawe esahlukweni "Idili."

Ngokusho umsebenzi Nekrasov wakwazi ukubonisa indlela azizwa ngayo esihle futhi uyabathanda ubuhle bemvelo Russian ku Ezindaweni enyakatho. Ukusebenzisa landscape lapha kutholakala ukudala ithoni ngokomzwelo, kanye ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi "Ubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" uhlamvu komphefumulo kungenziwa kubonakala ngokugcwele futhi ngokucacile.

Konke lokhu kuchaza ukuthi le nkondlo uthola indawo ekhethekile izinkondlo isiRashiya, ngoba ubonakalisa ngokugcwele elinesibindi iqiniso imidwebo Folk ukuphila, awulethe e i aura fabulousness nobuhle esankondlo Folk ubuciko ukubhinqa nokukhala ihlanganiswe ne nobuqhawe umzabalazo esashintsha. Konke lokhu N. A. Nekrasov wazama ukuveza ngangokunokwenzeka nge force kwezobuciko, ukukhulula umsebenzi wakhe ongafi, abaningi abawazi osukwini lwethu.

Yingakho "Ukuze siphile kahle eRussia" Kunconywa ongazifunda umuntu ngamunye, ngoba le ncwadi izokusiza ukuba uphendule imibuzo ephakamayo kwabaningi namuhla.