Bertolt Brecht: Biography, umlando wokuphila, nobuciko kanye izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 GG.) - enye yezindawo ezinkulu German izibalo waseshashalazini, ababhali bemidlalo abanamakhono isikhathi sakhe, kodwa play wakhe futhi namanje ethandwa futhi ifakwa yeshashalazi eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu umbhali temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi imbongi, kanye umdali yaseshashalazini "Berliner Ensemble". Bertolda Brehta lokusungula bamyisa ukwakha mkhuba omusha "yaseshashalazini zezombusazwe." Wazalwa emzini German of Augsburg. Kusukela esemncane kwaze kwaba yayinesithakazelo yemidlalo, kodwa umndeni wakhe ethi kwaba udokotela, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme wangena University. Lyudviga Maksimiliana eMunich.

Bertolt Brecht: Biography nemisebenzi

Kodwa-ke izinguquko ezinkulu ezenzeka ngemva umhlangano umlobi odumile German Leon Fayhvangerom. Ngokushesha ngaphawula Umfana omncane ithalente emangalisayo futhi watusa kuye ukwenza izincwadi eduze. Ngalesi sikhathi Brecht eseqedile play wakhe "Izigubhu kobusuku", okuyinto wafaka enye amatiyetha Munich sika.

Ngo-1924, ngemva kokuphothula enyuvesi ukuze anqobe Berlin abasha Bertolt Brecht. Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi ulinde nomunye umhlangano amazing kanye umqondisi odumile u-Erwin Piscator. Ngemva konyaka, le Ngohlelo kudala "yaseshashalazini yesigaba sabasebenzi."

Umlando Omfushane Bertolda Brehta ibonisa ukuthi wemidlalo yena sasingacebile, futhi ngemali yakhe bekungeke kube ngokwanele ukuba ukubhuka futhi uthenge izingcezu bemidlalo abadumile. Yingakho Brecht wanquma ukubhala bebodwa.

Wayeseqala Siwohloza kudlala abadumile, bese baya okuzobe kudlalelwa ethandwa imisebenzi ebhaliwe abangewona professional abadlali.

umsebenzi waseshashalazini

indlela okudala Bertolda Brehta waqala ne play "I Threepenny Opera" nguJohane Gay, encwadini yakhe ethi "Ompofu sika-Opera," owaba ngomunye wabokuqala ezifana ucwaningo DEBUT, setha ngo-1928.

Uzungu isitshela indaba izimpilo vagrants eziningana kwabampofu ayeke esikhululekile bengenzi lutho, futhi kumelwe nakanjani ukufuna ngamakhaya. Ukusebenza cishe ngokushesha kwaduma njengoba iziphanzi, vagrants phambi kwakungafanele protagonists esiteji.

Khona-ke Brecht, kanye umlingani wakhe Piscator usibeka yaseshashalazini "Volksbühne" noveli yesibili play ngokuhlanganyela Gorky "Umama".

umoya revolution

EJalimane, lapho amaJalimane babefuna izindlela ezintsha yentuthuko nokwakhiwa isimo, njalo njalo kukhona isifo usekela ezithile. Futhi lokhu umoya-mbuso ka-Bertolt ukugcina kakhulu ngomoya inhliziyo yomphakathi.

Lokhu kwalandelwa umdlalo omusha by Brecht sika lithathelwe esiteji noveli kaJ Hasek indaba mayelana adventures le Soldier Okuhle Schweik. It yabakhanga izethameli ukuthi ngokoqobo elaligcwele nswi izimo ezihlekisayo kwansuku, futhi okubaluleke - ezimibalabala anti-impi indaba ephathwayo.

Kodwa lapha Ukunganeliseki kombhali wawa amaNazi, owafika amandla ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1933, abasebenzi German amatiyetha yayivinjelwe. Ngokushesha waphoqwa ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe futhi Bertolt Brecht.

Biography ubonisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ayengaqondi ngempela wayeshade nowesifazane ongumdlali wamabhayisikobho odumile Elene Vaygel, futhi lokho naye, wathuthela Finland.

Imisebenzi e Finland

Kukhona insizwa iqala ukusebenza play "Umama Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela Izingane wakhe." Uzungu, yena peeped encwadini Folk isiJalimane, echaza adventures a torgashki phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu.

State laseJalimane lobuNazi, wahluleka ukuba sisale sodwa, ngakho ngayinika yona umbala lezombusazwe play "Ukwesaba Usizi-Third Reich" futhi wakubonisa izizathu zakhe kweqiniso sokuza iQembu LamaNazi kaHitler.

impi

Phakathi Okwesibili Umhlaba Finland baba sizana eJalimane, Brecht, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukuba thutha futhi, kodwa kulokhu eMelika. Ufaka kukhona play yakhe entsha "Life uGalileo" (1941), "The Good Person of Szechwan", "Mnu Puntilla futhi bakhe inceku Matti."

Njengoba isizathu athathwa ethandwa abantu izindaba kanye ukubhinqa. Kubonakala kulula futhi kucacile, kodwa Brecht, sibanikeze ngokuvamile zefilosofi, wabashiya ngemifanekiso. Ngakho wemidlalo wafuna izindlela ezintsha yokukhuluma zemicabango yabo, imibono nezinkolelo.

Taganka Theatre

ukusebenza kwakhe yaseshashalazini yayiyindlela sisondelene izilaleli. Ingoma, ngezinye izikhathi izethameli wamenywa ukuba esigabeni bazenza zaba abahileleke ngokuqondile play. Lezi zinto isinyathelo abantu abatelekile ngendlela. Futhi kahle bajwayelane Bertolt Brecht. Umlando wakhe uqukethe enye into ethakazelisa kakhulu: kuvela, YaseMoscow Taganka Theatre naye waqala ukudlala Brecht. Nokho Umqondisi Lyubimov wenza play "The Good Person of Szechwan" litshwayo yaseshashalazini, ngisho noma ezinye ukusebenza ambalwa.

Lapho impi iphela, wabuyela ngokushesha Europe Bertolt Brecht. Biography sinolwazi ukuthi wahlala e-Austria. Zuza ukusebenza futhi emi ovations ababekuwo wonke kudlala wakhe, okuyinto wabhala emuva Melika yena, "I zaseCaucasia Chalk Circle", "Ukudlondlobala Arturo Ui". Umdlalo wokuqala wabonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo ukuze ifilimu Charles Chaplin sika "Omkhulu Dictator" futhi wazama ukuqeda ethi, lokho akaqedanga Chaplin.

Theatre "Berliner Ensemble"

Ngo-1949, ka uBerthold ukuba azosebenza GDR yaseshashalazini "Berliner Ensemble", lapho, waba umphathi kwezobuciko futhi umqondisi. Wabhala esiteji ezincwadini yemisebenzi enkulu izincwadi emhlabeni: "Vassa Zheleznov" nelithi "Mama" Omunyu "Beaver noboya coat" futhi "The Red Rooster" G. Hauptmann.

Nge ukunandisa kwakhe wahamba cishe wonke umhlaba, yebo, wavakashela e-USSR, lapho ngo-1954 yena yanikezelwa eLenin Peace Prize.

Bertolt Brecht: Biography, uhlu lwezincwadi

Phakathi no-1955 Brecht, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-57 aqala ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi egula kakhulu, njengoba yena wayesegugile, wahamba, osizweni umhlanga. Wenza intando lapho uJehova wayekhomba lomngcwabo ngomzimba wakhe akazange sibekwe obala umphakathi futhi akashongo yokuvalelisa izinkulumo.

Uqinisile ngemva konyaka kamuva, entwasahlobo, ukusebenza yaseshashalazini lapho kuvezwa "Life Gadileya" Brekhov phezu imilenze ehlupheka ingane yinhliziyo, balandela, ekupheleni ehlobo, impilo yakhe yawohloka, futhi wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo 10 Agasti, 1956.

Lapha kule futhi kungenzeka ukuqedela kwengqikithi ethi "Breht Bertold:. Biography Indaba yokuphila" It kuphela uhlala ukwengeza ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwami, le ndoda emangalisayo wabhala imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko. Kuhle eyaziwa yezidlali wakhe, ngaphezu okungenhla, "uBhali" (1918), "Umuntu uyindoda" (1920), "Ukuphila uGalileo" (1939), "I zaseCaucasia Chalk" futhi nabaningi abanye.