Insimu dolobha labantu Abkhazia

Abkhazia - iyizwe elincane, kodwa umlando ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi amagugu ecebile.

iphi

Insimu uhulumeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga eCaucasus. It has imingcele yamazwe amabili - Georgia neRussia. Phakathi imifula Psou futhi Inguri welula Abkhazia. Sea ugeza ogwini kulelizwe eningizimu. Ukuxhumanisa ezindawo ka degrees 43 latitude wezwe enyakatho futhi 41 degrees longitude empumalanga. Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye kukhona iqhubezela we yokhalo Main iziNtaba zaseCaucasus, indawo esogwini okwakwakhiwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuhlala emathafeni.

Umlando omfishane

Zabomdabu labantu Abkhazia livela lasendulo nezizwe zala Western eCaucasus. UmAsiriya kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe yesikhathi kweNkosi uThigilati-phileseri bona oshiwo njengoba Abeshla e lasendulo imithombo okungukuthi Abazgs nezizwana Apsils. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile ensimini ka Abkhazia yanamuhla nganoma amakoloni ngesiGreki. Ngokusebenzisa ithonya lesiGreki lapha iye yashesha intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho. Khona setha izindawo laseRoma elalinabantu khona ukuhweba asebenzayo. Ingabe manje emzini Sukhum, Abkhazia yayiyindawo echumayo lasendulo ngalezo zikhathi - Sebastopolis.

Esikhathini 4th ekhulwini AD ensimini kwakheka principalities ezintathu: Apsilia, Abazgia futhi Sanigia. ukuhlaselwa Yehlulekile wamabutho Arab kwaholela ubunye babo. kwavela Kanjalo ekuseni isimo izinduna - umbuso Isi-Abkhazian.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, yokusansimbi lakhiwe lapha. Ngokwesibonelo, e sifinyelela ongenhla le Bzyb emfuleni (Bashkapsara wesifunda) emayini yethusi latholakala, olwakhiwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Ngisho nangalezo zinsuku kwathiwa kahle ukukhiqizwa yensimbi. Kulo lonke izwe kukhona imikhiqizo metal ezahlukene kusukela emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age.

Ngo 1810 Abkhazia baba yingxenye Russia. Lapha kukhona yalotshwa nini, wadala ngesisekelo Russian. Lapho kwakhiwa eSoviet Union, siye sakhula saba le Abkhaz SSR.

inhlokodolobha

Inhloko-dolobha isimo lingumuzi Sukhumi. Itholakala maphakathi Abkhazia Lolwandle Olumnyama ogwini lwase-Araba phakathi kwemifula Gumista Kyalasur. Eduze encane Sukhumi bay. Okwamanje, idolobha ihlanganisa indawo ka 23 amakhilomitha square.

Umuzi isindala kakhulu, umlando wayo sihlehlela emuva AD. Yasungulwa ngenxa bamakoloni yamaGreki asendulo. Isungulwe abathengisi wakhe ngesiGreki EseMilethu. Ekuqaleni umuzi wabizwa ngokuthi Dioskuriya. Yasungulwa hhayi kusukela ekuqaleni, lapho sikhona kakade wemizi yasendulo.

Phakathi nokubusa emzini wamaRoma owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Sebastopolis. Ekuvikeleni izitha wangaphandle lakhiwa lapha inqaba. Kwabe sekufika igama Tskhum, bese abaseTurkey uqambe kabusha ukuze Sukhumi-Kale (ngekhulu le-16). Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, abantu baseTurkey bahlulwa, ngangokuba kwakhamuluka umuzi phathelana waphinda basonta Abkhazians. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, Abkhazia baba ingxenye yoMbuso isiRashiya, nomuzi Sukhum-Kale phakathi kwekhulu wabizwa ngokuthi umane Sukhum. Lapho Abkhazia baba ingxenye Georgia, umuzi waphenduka Sukhumi. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union futhi kutimela Sukhum wabizwa ngokuthi futhi.

Enhloko-dolobha yase-Abkhazia kukhona izikhumbuzo zomlando eziningi: amanxiwa edolobha lwesiGreki sakuqala, Ibhuloho seNdlovukazi uTamara, Muhajirs Quay (St Michael), enqabeni Bagrat futhi Marheul (amaminerali entwasahlobo). Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu edolobheni usukela kuyifa Empire Russian neSoviet Union. izindlu ezindala Abaningi mansions nenhle kuhlangene amabhlogo Soviet. Umuzi zamazwe ngamazwe, abakhileyo basonta izinkolo ezahlukene. KumaKristu, kukhona indawo eyingqayizivele yokugogobala - Kamansky Temple (10-12 ekhulwini), ehambisana ne-Saint noJohn Chrysostom.

Abkhazia uzibuse

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, Abkhazia sekwakhela e Georgia, sekuyisikhathi eside kuyiphi babungaxhomekile ubuhlobo alinganayo. Nokho, iziphathimandla Georgian kwakufanele ungavumelani, yaphawula ekuqaleni empini. Georgian amabutho ahlasela indawo yakwa-Abkhazia ngo-1992, zomdabu labantu Abkhazia ngelinye zonke izindlela, wabhubhisa izikhumbuzo engokoqobo nengokomoya isiko. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu impi olunegazi waqala. Ngenxa yalokho, Abkhaz amabutho waxosha Georgians kusukela insimu yalo. Kwakukhona lapha ngaphandle kosizo amavolontiya kusukela eningizimu yeRussia. Ekugcineni impi yaphela ngo-1994, umthetho-sisekelo omusha wamukelwa. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi iziphathimandla Abkhazia Ekugcineni yaba lelitimele. Russia neyaziwayo uzibuse, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

labantu

Inani labantu base-Abkhazia ifaniswe ngobukhulu ne isibalo, isibonelo, idolobha elincane. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba wokugoqa wase-USSR (1989) kwabahambela lapha abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-500. Iningi labo lalilisha Georgians kohlanga kuphela endaweni yesibili kwakungamadodana Abkhazians. Kwabe sekufika Armenia, Russian nesiGreki. Iminyaka 14, inani labantu liye lehla 320,000 (ngokuvumelana 2003). Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka olwenziwa ngo-2011 lwakhombisa ukuthi labantu Abkhazia kakade has abantu 242.000. Ingxenye enkulu bakhona ehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Namuhla, ukwakheka kazwelonke labantu Abkhazia ihlukaniswe kanje: Abkhazians (iningi), isi-Armenia, isiGeorgia, Russian nesiGreki. Lesi simo ubhekwa phakathi kwamasiko amabili, ngaphezu laba bantu, namanje bukhoma, Ukraine, Estonia, amaJuda nabaseTurkey.

Inani labantu base-Abkhazia kwasakazwa ezindaweni ezahlukene: Gagra (umholi ngesibalo), Gadautsky, Sukhumi, Gulripsh, Ochamchira, Tkuarchal, Gali.

imibala kazwelonke

Maka weRiphabhulikhi Abkhazia imelelwa isikwele nge kushintshana imivimbo ovundlile oluhlaza nomhlophe. Esikhathini elingenhla kwesokudla ekhoneni konxantathu okungukuthi ensomi, imibukiso entendeni futhi 7 izinkanyezi (7 mlando izifunda).

I elingenamikhono izingalo ihlukaniswe halves ezimbili: green nomhlophe. Futhi kubonisa umgibeli agijima ehhashini ziqalise e umcibisholo esibhakabhakeni. Green lifanekisela ukuphila, emhlophe - umoya. Uzungu eziboniswe isibonakaliso elihlobene ne nendumezulu nobuqhawe Abkhazia. Ngaphansi umgibeli isihlabani omelela kabusha, kwezinye izinkanyezi ezimbili umgibeli - kungcono empumalanga nasentshonalanga.

uhlobo

Abkhazia itholakala eCaucasus enyakatho ntshonalanga. Iningi lizwe sezintaba. Iphuzu esiphezulu kuleli zwe - Mount Dombai-Ulgen (4046 metres), etholakala emngceleni Abkhazia futhi Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia).

Indawo lapha enhle: ezilele iqhwa eneziqongo okusezingeni eliphezulu, bazenzela nemihume amahlathi intombi ufane yasogwini lolwandle. Lokhu ezidumile Abkhazia. Ulwandle efudumele futhi ugu yayo ibanga 210 amakhilomitha. Kusukela ezintabeni flow phansi emifuleni zasendle, baphathe amanzi abo ehlanzekile lapho waya olwandle. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo: Cawdor futhi Bzyb. Ezintabeni kukhona ichibi olunothile - Rizza futhi Amtkyal. Yasehlanzeni emaceleni ale ntaba embozwe amahlathi, ezimila ezingavamile zohlobo - boxwood ne-mahogany. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo Abkhazia kuhlanganisa 2000 zilwane. Lapha sikhule 400 eCaucasus sendawo, ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezitholakala kule migede kuphela. On Cape Pitsunda sikhule relict Pitsunda zikaphayini.

Isimo sezulu

Lapha-ke ubuswa ezinomswakama sezulu nakwezifudumele. Isimo sezulu e Abkhazia ikakhulukazi efudumele, ngisho inyanga lokushisa enomoya lehla ngezansi zero, ubuncane 4 degrees. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa ukhululekile +22 ... + 24 degrees. Njengoba amaningi ala masimu kuhlala ezintabeni, lubonakaliswa kahle engamamitha ukuchaza. Isimo sezulu e Abkhazia ihlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ezingeni 1500 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, kukhona indawo sezulu esifudumele futhi ngokulinganisela-ezinomswakama. Ephakeme imvula ukwanda, kuba ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme 2800 amamitha iqala indawo lapho kukhona iqhwa unyaka wonke futhi akusho ancibilike.