Insipho yokuwasha. isakhiwo

Yokuwasha senzelwe ngesigezo izihloko izindwangu ezahlukene, kanye ngezinhloso ezimbonini kanye sanitary. Eminyakeni yokuqala, iye yasiza ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nezifo, izintwala kanye nezinye izinkinga sanitary. Okwenza insipho namuhla? Kuyini nezimfuneko zawo Ukwakheka, ikhwalithi kanye nokuphepha?

GOST 30266-95 - standard kwemibuso akhiwa Ochwepheshe Russian futhi esebenza ensimini ka CIS amazwe: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Tajikistan ne-Uzbekistan. Izinga ichaza kwenkululeko idokhumenti normative futhi ubeka izimfuneko lobuchwepheshe, imithetho ukwamukelwa, nezindlela zokuhlola, izidingo zokuphepha, nemibandela isitoreji kanye zokuhamba, kanye iwaranti yomenzi umkhiqizo ngokuthi "insipho". Ukwakheka kokuqendwa yokuwasha sincike ekwakhiweni, okuyinto ehlukile okuqukethwe okunamafutha acid. Production zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu. Soap itholakala iqembu kanti omunye nomunye wale igama layo okunezinhlobonhlobo.

Wonke amafomula ukuthi ukunquma izinga kanye nokwakheka izithako, nakanjani esihlelwe neziphathimandla Gosepidnadzora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, GOST 30266-95, isigaba 4.3 icacisa izidingo kuya feedstock futhi izinto (kwesigaba yakhiwa igama sebhithi imikhiqizo engasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni), okuvela kulo ukukhiqiza insipho. Ukwakheka kwalo ayizange ithuthuke, futhi izincwadi we izinga yibhange ngumkhiqizi isikhathi kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela usuku ukwakhiwa. izidingo Standard kufanele ngokuqinile waphawula ekukhiqizeni, ukusetshenziswa nokudayiswa.

Encwadini Amabha okuqinile unxande ukukhiqiza ilondolo insipho. Ukwakheka umkhiqizo sokugcina okunamafutha acid okuqukethwe ezisukela 64 kuya 72%:

- eqembu lokuqala - by 70,5% futhi 72%;

- I-iqembu lesibili - 69%;

- lweqembu lesithathu - 64%.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa eyisiqalo ahlukahlukene okunamafutha acid (lobuchwepheshe, isilwane noma zokwenziwa), isibonelo, ama-fatty acid yemifino amafutha (sunflower, sayinela ukungena noma ukotini). Ozokwamukelwa njengoba impahla eluhlaza ngokukhiqiza insipho wokuqala neqembu lamafutha esundu okunamafutha acid yesibili, isihloko elisemandleni uhla kusuka 44 kuya 48 ° C, ama-fatty acid isilwane amafutha ezidliwayo PCT SSR 1866-89. Ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezinye fatty acid, ukusetshenziswa okuvumela GOST 30266-95 iqembu we yokuwasha ngamunye. Indaba eziyisisekelo osetshenziselwa saponification we acid okunamafutha kuyinto lobuchwepheshe soda caustic ngokuvumelana GOST 2263-79.

yokuwasha Universal futhi yokuhlanza ejenti kuyinto insipho. Ukwakheka feedstock futhi ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa yokuqiniseka ukususwa ezinhle nokungcola kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo. Izindlela elinesimo okusezingeni eliphezulu (pH 11 kuya 12) ngu ane-alikhali ibhalansi. Soap ine omuhle kakhulu izakhiwo elwa namagciwane. Ngakho-ke, it is ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukutheleleka isixazululo insipho gcoba ingxenye engaphandle amavesi acinene, ukuxubha amazinyo, iphathwa Izilonda, nabancelisayo, odokotela batusa ugeza ibele izingane. Kwatholakala ukuthi lokhu yokuwasha kuka okwamanje eyaziwa futhi ethandwa imikhiqizo babe eziningi eziwusizo: kuba ngokuphelele ingozi isikhumba akubangi komzimba nezinto, ngisho nezingane.

Imvelo umkhiqizo friendly ubhekwa insipho ilondolo. Ukwakheka kwalo kanye nokuphepha yibhange ukwamukelwa umkhiqizo osuphelile. imithetho Ukwamukelwa (isigaba 6 GOST 30266-95 futhi GOST 790-89) Ukusetha ivolumu control, izindlela zokuhlola kanye nesidingo isitifiketi saziso, lapho ukulawula asetjenziswako ngokuya ukuphepha izihlanzi kokuba amafutha isisekelo. Ngaphambi ukuthunyelwa umthengi iqoqwana ngalinye lwahlolwa ukuze ukuhambisana izici organoleptic (umbala, iphunga, ukuthungwa), kulinganiswa kuziwa mass okunamafutha acid khulula alikhali, kanye nezinye izici izinga. insipho yokuwasha okuthengiswa kuncike ekuhambisaneni standard.