Inxanxathela "armata". Okwamuva Russian ithangi "armata"

ukukhiqizwa Tank kusukela ngasekupheleni 30-yalolucwaningo ngangihlala njalo ngithanda ubuholi Soviet. Ilokhu nolunye uvivinyo izinhlobo ezintsha amathangi bangeniswa inkonzo. I ukudideka kwaba ngezinye izikhathi liphumelele. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kwacaca ukuthi "zoo" emabuthweni ithangi kufanele ezaqedwa ngokuphelele.

Lapho sifika abaklami baye baya phambili: asidzingi nje main impi tank (MBT), kodwa wonke platform Modular lapho sizokwazi ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha ebezingekho izikhali ngaphandle interchangeability yasakazwa kanye Standardization izingxenye. Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni isinqumo esidinga isibindi kanjalo - eziyinkimbinkimbi "armata", ukusungulwa kwalo embonini ukuzivikela yasekhaya isivele ukukhuluma kusukela kudala. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva lokhu kuye kwaba ukwakhiwa eside namanje intuthuko (njenge).

Lapho iqala

Ngo-2010, eMnyango Wezokuvikela kwafika izindaba ukuthi lo msebenzi "Into 195" wayeka ngokuphelele. Ministry kubhekwe ukuthi T-95, olwakhiwa ngaphansi leligama, cishe nsé T-90 MBT, futhi ngoba amabutho kwakungadingeki kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abanye abaklami wanikezwa umsebenzi: ukwakha ithangi entsha ngokuphelele, eyakhelwe izimiso ezahlukene.

I okusetshenzelwa wawuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi "armata" kwakufanele kube ukulungele ngokugcwele ekukhiqizeni serial kungakapheli 2015.

Kuyini imayelana nani?

Abezindaba ngokuvamile itholakala isiqu eyiphutha - "Armada". Kodwa igama elifanele - kuba "armata". Ngakho-ke ngokuthi oyisizukulwane sesine esindayo platform zilandelwa, ukuthuthukiswa okuyinto Ngokuqhubeka kusukela 2009 (ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, uqalwe ngaphambili kakhulu). Kusolwa ukuthi izici 'Almaty kwaba "siphezulu kunalezo ezifunekayo lapho ngisho T-90 nazo zonke ukulungiswa yakamuva.

Ngezinye base yawo yezempi wethu ulindele ukudala njengoba MBT entsha, futhi IFV entsha ngokuphelele esindayo (khumbula Israyeli "IDF ACHZARIT"), a esindayo armored izisebenzi zenethiwekhi, kanye ezihlukahlukene BRDM, ipulatifomu izibhamu self ezinezinjini, njll Eqinisweni, eyinkimbinkimbi "armata" kuyinto chassis jikelele zilandelwa ngoba izimoto zempi, nenqwaba okuyinto amathani phakathi 30 futhi 65. Sikhumbuza wena ukuthi Melika kuyinto Analogue of sokuchuma okunjalo, platform GCV.

Kulindeleke ukuthi amathangi amasha T-14, wadala ngesisekelo chassis, makufakwe ukukhiqizwa kungakapheli 2015. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amabutho WaseRussia kuyodingeka uthole 2500 T-14 "armata".

Okuzokwenzeka ibutho ukuba "Almaty kwaba"

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi amathangi T-90, nenkonzo yethu Defense awazange kudingeka empeleni. Ngokuvamile, kule kunephutha futhi Uralvagonzavod, elimalungu alo embukisweni ngokusobala emba eqolo izimoto zabo. Ngakho, abameleli ibutho hhayi kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izindleko ithangi basekhaya kuphela kancane kancane kunezindleko le "Leopard" isiJalimane, bonyana ngiyiphi ebudisi khulu kakhulu kunaleyo MBT Russian.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabutho empeleni ukuhlala evamile amathangi yesimanje. Inombolo ye-T-90 zokuguqulwa ezahlukene impi yethu ingeqi amayunithi 500, ngokusobala okuyinto akwanele esimweni kuveza ucishe sina usongo lempi. Ngempi, enkonzweni kuhloswe ngalo ukulungisa isimo, njalo ngokuphishekela "sesimanje ezijulile" T-72 ubudala.

Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi zonke izici "Almaty kwaba" ngokuqinile imfihlo, futhi ukuba khona izingxenye eziningi ohlelweni kuze kube namuhla kubangela ukungabaza nohlonze ochwepheshe ezifuywayo angaphandle. Nokho, ulwazi kusele izingxenyana nje ze ezivela emithonjeni evulekile nabahlaziyi ukucabanga uvumele umbono eyanele jikelele we imoto entsha.

isakhiwo elilinganiswayo

Sikugcizelele waphinda ukuthi injongo eyinhloko okuyiwona eziyinkimbinkimbi "armata" ngokuvamile wadala - ngemishini esiphezulu okwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Standardization kufanele akusebenzi kubantu kuphela izikhali ezisetshenziswa, kodwa futhi ukumiswa nezinye teluhlaka zobuchwepheshe. Ngisho amaMelika abanalutho njengalelo elisensimini ibutho lapho (kunethemba lokuthi sizokwenza it).

Kubonakala ukuthi wazi kahle ukuthi zikhona yini izinhlelo kukhona izinketho amabili esiyinhloko kusakhiwo yilezi: nge ezingemuva futhi front-injini gumbi engangikulo. Ukumiswa nakanjani kuqoqwe ku rinks eziyisithupha, ukushaqeka wezinciphisi - vane uhlobo eziqondisa igiya - umehluko, ukudluliswa hydrostatic. Transmission - a okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, ku izigaba 12. Cishe, ngeke kube khona ithuba ushintsho segiya imodi ibhukwana.

Hlola-Engine samuntu ngethangi

Isici ethangini "armata" (isithombe okuhloswe kuyinto ephepheni) uzosebenzisa computer ngokuphelele elawula uhlelo nokuhlola. Uma sikubeka kalula, ngisho uma sina nomonakalo onjalo on-ebhodini nekhompuyutha kumelwe ubike kuphi nokuthi yini engahambanga kahle, kunalokho sina izinto zibe lula ithangi Mechanics.

Khulisa survivability umshini empini

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini omusha "armata" (isithombe kungatholakala le nto) uyobe landa survivability ngu kokulahla amagobolondo e capsule ekhethekile, ngaphandle owakhiwe ithangi gumbi engangikulo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi esimweni contact nge igobolondo isitha, noma ezuziwe anti-tank namabhomu, detonation nezinhlamvu akufanele kuholele kokufa nezisebenzi.

Ekuqaleni, lo mqondo sabekwa "Into 195", eyaziwa nangokuthi i-T-95 / T-99. "Armata", mhlawumbe, uyophinde ube kungenzeka ukubeka abasemkhunjini capsule awavikelekile neze ka Alloys namandla ngokukhethekile. Abaklami ayifake umklamo walo mshini is fully elawulwa kude, lapho emathangini avuzayo kwakungeke kudingeke ubonise nhlobo ngaphandle kwe-umshini. Kule ndaba, "armata" yesikhulumi ngempela esiyingqayizivele. Njengoba uma eshaywa futhi ekhandwa trite kungase kuzwakale, kodwa analogue phesheya asipheli.

izinhlobo olungenzeka izinhlamvu

I izinhlamvu izobandakanya ejwayelekile ephezulu kuqhume, lihlaba okwenyanga ophethe projectiles. Kusolwa ukuthi kuyoba kungenzeka kokudubula imicibisholo evuthayo wayeqondiswa "phansi-phansi" futhi "phansi-to-air" ngesiqondiso othomathikhi.

Empeleni, entsha ithangi "armata", isithombe esiyihambayo ekugqokeni sihloko, futhi ethangini akuyona. Eqinisweni - lena agcwele multi-purpose imigqomo umshini ukuthi ongalwa isitha elihamba, amathangi, wezikhali ngisho ezinophephela emhlane isitha. Kwakucatshangwa futhi bangalwa futhi stormtroopers.

amathuluzi ukuthola

Ngokwemibiko ethile, ibhodi kuyoba cishe iyafana imishini radar, njengoba ku entsha fighter jet T-50 PAK. Ikakhulukazi, ithangi entsha "armata" (isithombe kuqinisekisa) ukuthola radars ezisebenza Ka-band (26,5-40 GHz), ngokusebenzisa array asebenzayo ikhishiwe (AESA). Lena design esiyingqayizivele, esetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza zobumba ekhethekile.

antenna Izici ikhishiwe

Ngehele yakhiwe inqwaba amaseli, ngamunye okuyinto ehlukile microwave Lidlulisela. Ukwehluleka elilodwa isici aliholeli ukwehla oqinile ngamandla ohlelweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antenna okunjalo ukuhamba eliphakeme, ukukwazi ngokushesha ukushintsha isiqondiso scan. Ngo nokuxazulula izinkinga ubunjalo ukuzivikela futhi zihlasela radar enjalo ukumane ekahle.

Okuningi kujabulise, ukuthi unakho ezimbili nje ongakhetha yokusetshenziswa: njengendlela ukuthola eziyinkimbinkimbi nokulawula umlilo futhi uhlelo nokuvikeleka esebenzayo T-14 "armata". antenna Active uyakwazi ukuthola ngokushesha futhi bathole Okuqondiwe amaningi eside ngaphambi nabatjhidela ethangini. Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo uyakwazi ngokuzenzakalela zooms kubo futhi ababhubhise imodi ezizimele ngokugcwele.

Kubikwa ukuthi isistimu radar uzokwazi kokubili "izindaba" kuze kube okuhloswe 40 esebenzayo. Isibalo lokho kumane akutholakali izimoto ukulwa abakhiqizi angaphandle! Ngaphezu kwalokho (njengoba wangaphambili ifulege T-99), "armata" bazokwazi ukuhlonza at ibanga 100 km target kabani ubukhulu ingeqi 0.3 m. Yiqiniso, nokubhujiswa kwabo okwalandela ephelele.

zempi Izici

Hhayi ngaphandle zempi entsha ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, umkhakha wethu ukuvikela ubelokhu ayengaba namakhono omkhulu kule ndawo, ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu yezembatho zethu esisha senziwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kunalokho, endaweni yesikhulumi "armata" izosebenzisa steel nasezembathweni 44C-zokuxhumana-III kokuba ethize amandla izici. Le nto idalwe nge-JSC "NII Stali". Sici Its Ukhiye isisindo eliphansi kakhulu. Lokhu ngeke kuphela lula isisindo umshini, qala ukwakha engasindi kuqhathaniswa futhi belondekile BMP emsamo efanayo, kodwa futhi ukwandisa umthamo isikhala yangaphakathi (izinhlamvu ezinkulu, induduzo Crew).

amandla plant

Ngenxa yalokho, 1200 A enamandla motor-85-3A izosetshenziswa (diesel, vele), okuyinto uzokunika okungenani 2000 namahora okusebenza, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ithangi "armata". Kungasetshenziswa ekugcineni Russia kahle ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa udizili evamile, ngakho ukucela usizo akudingeki abaklami German. amandla Ubukhulu - 1500 l / s. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphambi kokuphela ukusebenza kuyoba imincele hardware of 1,200 amahhashi, okuzokwenza kakhulu ekuphileni yenjini.

Ikhishwa amandla plant kuyoba ngasikhathi Chelyabinsk izixaxa Plant. Phezu kwasiphi isisekelo ukuqiniseka ukusisebenzisa? Iqiniso lokuthi kuzo zonke izilingo lokhu injini ziye ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe kudala njengoba 2011, kodwa alisetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lokhu injini bese ithangi "armata". Russia, uma kwenzeka ngempela, ngeke abaholi hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ukukhiqizwa esindayo izimoto armored, kodwa futhi emkhakheni evamile diesel yona. Lokhu ngizolivusa isithunzi umkhakha wethu enkundleni ngamazwe, ukuze uthole oda okuningi kusuka abathengi bakuthathe.

isikhali

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngokucacile onjiniyela wabonisa ukwenqaba isibhamu osezingeni 152 mm T-95/99, singakwazi ngokuphepha bathi ethangini entsha "armata" uzothola 122-125 mm ubukhulu isikhali. Lokhu kunengqondo, njengoba izinhlobo ezintsha izinhlamvu kuzosiza kakhulu ukwandisa amandla isibhamu, ngaphandle okwandisa Ubukhulu jikelele nezilinganiso zobukhulu ezinenhlamba.

Ngenxa "obengenele ukhetho" ukufakwa umbhoshongo imoto entsha angabhekwa isibhamu 125-mm 2A82, olwakhiwa futhi lwahlolwa kowezi-2000 okuqala. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha ngiyisosha kuphela models ezintathu ezikhona kakade ukudubula isibhamu engaphezu kwemibili ayizinkulungwane, ukuze nokwethenjelwa uthi imodeli Onjiniyela ezintsha hhayi nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha futhi amasu yokukhiqiza, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi ukuhlakazwa projectiles ngesikhathi esisodwa-15%. Cishe, ubude jikelele we isibhamu kuyoba amamitha eziyisikhombisa.

Sithe kakade ukuthi ethangini entsha "armata" has a lot of izinhlelo ezintsha digital enkonzweni ukuthi iphinde ibheke ukunemba sokudubula. Ikakhulu, i-MSA entsha njalo synchronizes idatha etholakala nge-computer ballistic, okumele kakhulu ukunemba ngokudubula okungazelelwe. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi kakade ehlelelwe sesimanje obengeziwe kokubili isibhamu nezinhlamvu okungekho emthethweni ngoba ekhona.

I munition entsha

Kunobufakazi bokuthi ithangi Russian "armata" uyocibishela projectiles eziye athuthukiswe futhi kwemukelwe inkonzo ngonyaka odlule. Kakade ngokugcwele zivuleka ukukhiqizwa yabo, amagobolondo party jika kwesokudla izinqolobane isimo, lapho kumiswa zigcine edingekayo. Cishe, ngesikhathi t. "Armata" uzobe ayifake inkonzo ku arsenal ugcwele amagobolondo for beqhuba ukulwa yangempela kokudubula, ukuqeqesha omakhenikha entsha.

izibhamu kwezikhali

Ngo sesevisi abhanqiwe 7.62mm PKTM isibhamu okuyinto ixhunywe isibhamu. Ukuthengisela ngomumo asebenziseka cartridges - ayinkulungwane izicucu. Yona leyo nombolo lilondolozwe emabhokisini izingxenye ezisele, okuyinto eqondiswa ezingemuva imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho 12.7mm ahlomile isibhamu "Intambo". Ngaye, isilungele ukusetshenziswa izinhlamvu ncamashi imizuliswano 300. Inombolo esifanayo ebhokisini efanayo izingxenye ezisele.

Ukuvikelwa asebenzayo

Okwavelela ethangini entsha CAP "Afghani". Lolu hlelo ukuphepha asebenzayo ivumela ukubhekana anti-tank ezicitshwayo namabhomu, ngisho e-amafushane kakhulu (akukho amamitha angaphezu kuka-15-20 kusukela imoto). Uhlelo yasungulwa ngawo Kolomna KBM. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kungaba nokunciphisa ezicitshwayo flying ngesivinini 1700 m / s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe iyobe wasebenzisa penetrator ekhethekile okukhulu kwakhiwa, lobunikazi ezweni lethu. Kuhloswe ngamabomu - othomathikhi futhi ayidingi isiqinisekiso opharetha.

Ukuvikelwa ashukumisayo

Umklamo ashukumisayo Ukuvikelwa iyunithi iyafana lowo owayephatha lokuqala lakhiwa JSC "NII Stali". Blocks (izindlu) efakwe ezinhlangothini amathangi, kodwa kuyobe kuphela icala izidakamizwa esebenzayo kusengaphambili kokuzibandakanya (noma ingozi yawo). Ukondla zone "Almaty waba 'uyozivikela ejwayelekile izikrini nehele.