Irrigation - Kusho ukuthini? Irrigation Izinzuzo umhlaba

Irrigation Amasimu - ingenye izimo wenzalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukunikeza izitshalo ketshezi kuthinta ngokudlula kwabo himprotsessy, emoyeni kanye lokushisa izimo, ukusebenza umhlabathi microbiology ezingeni.

Lo mcimbi, okuyinto enquma imibuzo kwezidingo ngisho ukusatshalaliswa ketshezi ku yokulima wadalula kunesomiso zemvelo, ngokuthi ngenkasa wezolimo. Lenchazelo kusenza siqonde injongo yenqubo echazwe kwezesayensi yezolimo.

izindlela yokulima ngenkasa

Ukuze ekuletheni fluid izindlela emazweni wezolimo esetshenziswa:

• ukufafaza;
• ukuchelela phezu kwenhlabathi;
• iconsa wokunisela;
• subsurface wokunisela.

ukufafaza

Sprinkler uchelela - ngenkasa ndlela khona izitshalo ukuthi ube uhlelo impande angajulile, ukunikeza indlela ngokuzenzakalela ukusabalalisa ketshezi. He bophezela indlela yokufakelwa isethi imvula amavolumu yamanzi. Kule ndlela ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa umquba, okuyizinto oncibilikayo emanzini futhi dezinsektanty (izinto ezifanele control inkathazo). Sprinkler uchelela libhekwa yena, ukuze:

• ngenkasa pulsed - ukuchelela ke ewela amavolumu encane,
• ngenkasa mnene;
• ukuhlinzeka izimo umswakama pripochvennogo ungqimba ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Le ndlela ibizwa ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomswakama engazinzile, uma kukhona ubunzima sezwe, kanye nokuma eliphezulu angaphansi komhlaba.

drip irrigation eyenzeka

Indlela elandelayo - drip irrigation eyenzeka. Lokhu ukuthambisa, okuvumela ukuba lolu ketshezi engena ijule ngokwanele enhlabathini ukungena nomanyolo ohlelweni impande izitshalo. Linikeza amasethi ukuvama ukuthambisa. Uhlangothi oluhle inqubo echazwe ukhonza ukudla rhizosphere. Flow rate, amandla kanye nomanyolo kuyizikhathi cishe amabili kuya kwamahlanu ezincane kuno ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa uma inqubo ekuniseleni. Kulokhu, amanzi isiko kwenziwe indlela ayinangozi futhi imvelo. It is lisetshenziswe khona sezwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kunqunywa yokuntuleka akvabalans, lapho kukhona an eliphezulu ngokwedlulele amanzi permeability. Le ndlela kuyaziwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa isivini ngenkasa, berry, izingadi zemifino nemithi yezithelo.

subsurface ngenkasa

Subsurface ngenkasa - indlela ukugcwalisa uhlelo impande izitshalo. amanzi Plant supply Kwenziwa ngumuntu kugcwele humidifiers ekhethekile, kudala izimo ezivuna ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo imisuka uketshezi, noma kunesidingo isitshalo izakhi. Buhle le ndlela yilezi:

• kuba ngomshini ngokuphelele;
• ukudalwa kanye nokugcinwa alandelayo Looseness kwenhlabathi;
• benezincwadi ngempumelelo yamanzi;
• supply uhlelo iyimpande adingekayo ukukhula izakhi ezivamile.

Sebenzisa ukuthambisa endaweni lapho umhlabathi has a ephakeme capillary conductivity, akukho eduze ibanga amaminerali komhlaba. Ngakho, subsurface ngenkasa emasimini - lena esidayisa emangalisayo ngoba yokulima, kodwa kudinga amanye utshalomali.

ukuchelela phezu kwenhlabathi

Ukuchelela phezu kwenhlabathi umhlaba - inchubo lapho uketshezi bagxila ngaphezu komhlabathi. Le ndlela uchelela libhekwa phakathi subtypes ezilandelayo:

• nge umthamo omkhulu wamanzi (izikhukhula);
• ngokusebenzisa anemifantu;
• usebenzisa umlomo wombhobho Babler ekhethekile;
• usebenzisa nomqulu omncane wamanzi (noma microcavity). Lokhu ukuthambisa - the ukonga kakhulu akhona.

Lapho ihlela ukuba kube yesimiso sokunisela ngenkasa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukuthi kuningi nezincane amavolumu samanzi okunisela ayizwakali, unganikezi ezanele umswakama umhlaba. Ukungabi uketshezi enhlabathini kudala Ukungadli amaphaphu yamangqamuzana amanzi, okuholela singenele umswakama esele, futhi lokhu, kuyobe okuyoholela ekubhujisweni ye izitshalo. Kuhle humidification bungatholakala esimweni indlela abanekhono ukuhlelwa isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa. Ukuze kuzuzwe lesifanele amanzi ukugeleza kwamanzi kufanele inake isimo somhlabathi, Inkomba amanzi permeable yayo, amakhemikhali ukwakheka, ukushisa Inkomba kanye aeration.

Ukunisela amapulazi: Mode

Ukudala evumayo phansi umswakama ngesikhathi yokukhula, ie, emva imodi ubuthongo basebusika kunqunywa ukuthambisa ekhethekile, okungukuthi zonke lezi zizathu: ubuningi, isikhathi kanye amavolumu okusamanzi. Kumelwe ukudala enhlabathini ezidingekile efanele Hydro isiko ezimweni zezulu ethize kanye nezinjongo zomnotho. Le nqubo idinga bawuhloniphe ngokuqinile nezidingo izinyathelo Agro-lobuchwepheshe.

Irrigation umbuso yanoma yimuphi isiko ezimweni ethile Agro-zezulu kumele ihambisane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Amanzi izimfuno izitshalo ezithile phakathi ukuthuthukiswa yabo, futhi maqondana izithelo izitshalo futhi zithole ezithela eliphezulu agrotechnics ezithile kulekelelwa umquba ezinkathini ezithile.
2. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa isiqondiso eqondile yamanzi, izakhi, usawoti kanye lokushisa umhlabathi imibuso.
3. Ngcono inhlabathi nenzalo, ukuguguleka inadmissibility, izikhukhula ngokweqile, okusho waterlogging nomhlabathi usawoti.
4. Inhlangano lesifanele zomsebenzi, okuyinto kubangela okwandisa umkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa amasu ezishintshayo isihambile.
5. Izimali ushintsho esimweni sezulu, izimo zezomnotho nokuzilibazisa agronomic ukugwema iyehla iyenyuka okuphawulekayo idatha futhi ehlukile yezinkathi ezithile kuwo.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukucacisa imodi uchelela isiko inikezwe kuyadingeka ukwazi umthamo isamba samanzi okunisela, okuyinto ebalulekile izitshalo ngesikhathi yokukhula ngesikhathi okuhloswe (noma okusetshenzisiwe) amasu agronomic futhi zezemvelo. Lokhu umthamo wamanzi kungaba azimisele ngokuvumelana ukuhlaziya isimo sezulu, inhlabathi kanye nezinye izimo ezithile.

Umthelela uchelela ku subsurface izinqubo

Inguquko kusuka rainfed ukuba eniselwayo umsebenzi mkhakha wakha nethonya elikhulu inhlabathi njengoba inhlabathi engokoqobo isimo kugucuka, usawoti Ukwakheka, aeration futhi izinga lokushisa libe nezici, zamakhemikhali webhaktheriya intrasoil izinqubo buthelela nokubuna izinga inhlabathi udaba eziphilayo.

inhlabathi engamamilimitha - indlela ukuthi kuba nemiphumela emihle isakhiwo ngokomzimba zenhlabathi, okuholela ukwehla ukumelana layo lapho zilima, inikeza yokuvuthwa ngokomzimba. Phakathi ukucutshungulwa enjalo inhlabathi ebhidlikayo inqubo ikufanele ngokushesha futhi ziba ngcono.

amanzi Irrigation kuletha ethile izinhlayiya zobumba esimweni turbid zazo imali phezu izinkambu inzika evundile. Ngemva kwenkathi ngokwanele eside lokhu ungqimba ufinyelela ngenkasa level okuqinile. Ngakho, umhlabathi entsha.

Irrigation inikeza izimo best for intrasoil nezilwanyana ezincane. Esimeni semakhaya izinqubo microbial (nitrification) ocushiwe ezidingekayo umswakama umbuso. Glaze kube nomthelela ezinkulu kakhulu amagciwane qhuzwana, okuyinto akhiwa ezindaweni ezinesomiso phezu izimpande imidumba.