Ukondla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika: imithetho kanye olinganise

Ukuba beekeeper - lena isayensi ekhethekile hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi art ezicashile. isinyathelo ngasinye kubalulekile, zonke izinyathelo kubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa ngemphumelelo kwezidleke zezinyosi noma ukulahleka bee amakoloni. Enye inselele enzima kakhulu ebhekene beekeeper - ubusika izinyosi. Esinye sezimo ebaluleke kakhulu yimpumelelo ebusika - ukusuthisa isiraphu izinyosi ushukela kule ebusika. Mayelana ngezabelo, ezisetshenziswa, isikhathi kanye lokushisa ukunikeza esebenza ngogesi eyenzelwe lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

Imigomo yokudla izinyosi

Ngaphambi beekeeper has imigomo emibili eyinhloko:

• imindeni Bee ukunikeza izimo ukuphila okuvamile futhi avimbele izifo yentuthuko izinyosi.
• Thola isivuno eliphezulu imikhiqizo ukufuywa. Lokhu ingatholakala kuphela uma izimo eziyisisekelo: izinambuzane kufanele zithole umsoco amanani edingekayo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqinisekisa bee amakoloni izimo ezintathu:

1. Spring ukufunjathiswa kufanele kusize ukuthuthukiswa lezinyosi iphila futhi eqinile.

2. Chief ukufunjathiswa kufanele kudluliselwe nakulabo ngesikhathi futhi okuphawulekayo umthamo, ukuze izinyosi ungawusebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ke imikhiqizo apiculture.

3. Autumn ukufunjathiswa kufanele kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa nokuthuthukisa amandla bee ikoloni.

Izici yokudla ekwindla-ubusika

Uma uju yemvelo bee amakoloni ukudla akwanele, ingabe kufanele yenziwe yini efaka umquba izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika. Imithetho elawula yayo ukuziphatha ngendlela ethile nesikhathi esishiwo:

1. Njengoba Agasti kufanele uqale ukusuthisa isiraphu izinyosi ushukela kule ebusika. Olinganise ushukela isiraphu: 1 kg ushukela - 1.5 amalitha amanzi. INgxenye ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke --300 amagremu isidleke ngasinye. Lokhu isiraphu senzelwe izinyosi amadala, okuyinto, kabusha kwakhono lika-ke ebusika abune away.

2. izikhoxe ebusika kufanele kube ngo-September. Uma amakoloni ngalesi sikhathi namanje siyaba naso isidingo ukondla, emakamu isiraphu kumele lenyuke. Ezimweni ezinjalo, elandelayo izinyosi ukuvundiswa ushukela isiraphu ebusika: 3 2 - isilinganiso ushukela namanzi. Futhi kwandisa umthamo ukondla umthamo wansuku - amalitha amathathu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugcwalise ngokushesha amaseli.

3. yasebusika ukudla yokudla njalo uju noma ushukela isiraphu e lokuhlushwa elincane kakhulu. Daily Dose - 15-30 amagremu.

4. Lapho ubuthongo basebusika luphela ohlakeni lezinyosi uthele isiraphu efudumele futhi wafaka ifreyimu esidlekeni, lapho zangaphambi bahlanza cell ezingenalutho. Khona-ke udinga kabusha ukwenza ukwahlukanisa esidlekeni.

Ukondla izinyosi ekwindla

Autumn. Ukufinyelela ubusika bee izindlu adinga ukuphakelwa umthamo wemvula, ngoba phambi alisebenzi futhi kunzima kakhulu isikhathi bee amakoloni - ebusika, nazo zonke ngobuqili bakhe futhi unya. ngempumelelo ezinyosini wakhe basinda ebesezilungele kumile ukukhiqiza inzalo iphila, nemikhiqizo apiculture, kudingeka ukuba kahle futhi ngokushesha ukuze balungiselele isikhathi ebusika.

Ukondla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika kusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningana:

• ukulungiselela adingekayo ifolishi esitokisini uma amakoloni bee azikwazanga ukuba sibhekane nale umsebenzi ngokwabo;
• bavale isikhala nezinyosi, elihle ukhishiwe ekupheleni main uju ukugeleza;
• esikhundleni uju nge crystallization okusheshayo futhi eliphezulu zikaphayini uju isiraphu;
• ngizakuhlabelela izinyosi izindlela ekwelapheni kanye ukukhalima, uma lokho sadingeka.

Ukuze uthole ngempumelelo ifolishi ebusika kubhekwa okungcono uju yemvelo, ezimibalabala ezifiselekayo. Kodwa awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ukuthi kungabi izinyosi. Kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuxazulula umbuzo kanjani podkormlivat izinyosi ushukela isiraphu.

Kanjani ukwenza isiraphu?

Kubalulekile kakhulu ekwindla ukuvimbela ukwehla eqinile lezinyosi, kubalulekile ukulondoloza amandla, lokho izinambuzane ninamathele polysaccharides naweselula uphawu. Sinenkosi ukwenza umsebenzi odingekayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kule nqubo, badinga usizo beekeeper - kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka yokudla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika, kungcono ukusebenzisa olinganise ezilandelayo: ushukela 3 kg, 2 amalitha amanzi. Lokhu kuzonika isixazululo ukhululekile kakhulu ukubhekisiswa bee amakoloni - 64%.

Omunye samuntu isiraphu womshini:

1. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha ushukela, qiniseka ukukhanyisa.
2. Thela amanzi esitsheni esihlanzekile futhi imenze ngamathumba.
3. Thela ushukela emanzini abilayo ugovuze ukuncibilikisa ke.
4. Kungenzeka (kodwa hhayi edingekayo) ukuletha isiraphu ngamathumba bese ususa emlilweni ngokushesha. Contraindicated umkhiqizo isiraphu abilayo, ngoba uma ushukela uyozishisa, kuyoba engasebenziseki ngoba izinyosi.
5. Cool isiraphu degrees 30 futhi ukusabalalisa izinyosi. isiraphu Cold bee amakoloni bayanqikaza ukuthatha.

Kukhona izikhathi ezibalulekile inqubo ukulungiselela isiraphu, okuyinto udinga ukuba banake:

1. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi ezithambile. Iqiniso lokuthi emanzini kanzima kwandisa izinga crystallization isiraphu. Uma kuthathwe njengesisekelo amanzi kanzima, kuba okokuqala kudingekile ukulungisa bese kuphela qala inqubo yokwenza isiraphu.
2. Ukuze ukuletha isiraphu ushukela isici azibukhali uju imbali, isiraphu kumelwe uthele acetic acid (70%) kule ingxenye ushukela ngayinye kg - 0.3 amagremu. Leli nani kuyoletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe - kuphunyeleliswe zokuvimbela nosema.

Inani lokudla - isihluthulelo overwintering yimpumelelo

Bee amakoloni kumele inikezwe ukudla isamba ozonikeza amandla bee ngamunye overwinter ngempumelelo. Kodwa akulona njalo kungenzeka ukuba kahle ukubala inani ezidingekayo kule feed. Kulesi simo, ngendlela elula - ukunikeza ukudla inqwaba. Uma ukudla alisetshenziswa egcwele, sizokwazi ukusebenzisa intwasahlobo ka-bee imindeni.

Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi, ngokunikeza ukusuthisa izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika, kuyadingeka ukubala inani feed othile bee koloni, ecabangela izici ezithile:

• okuyinto ndawo yiyona kwezidleke zezinyosi Esikhathini eningizimu ebusika esifushane, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezifana eningizimu okuphakelayo amasheya kumelwe ibe ngaphansi;
• sihamba uma ubusika emgwaqweni noma Zimovniki: uma izinyosi ebusika emgwaqeni, badinga ukudla ezingaphezu kuka ebusika e omshanike;
• amandla umndeni: umndeni, ubusika, isibonelo, kwi nohlaka eziyisishiyagalombili idinga ukuba okuningi carbohydrate izinqolobane ngaphezu kwalokho umkhaya ukuthi ubambe ebusika e ozimele ezinhlanu.

Ozimele efakwe embobeni ebusika, okuphakelayo kufanele ibe okweqa amakhilogremu amabili for ingqikithi 9-15 kg umkhiqizo ukudla. Ezinye abafuyi bezinyosi, enikeza iseluleko sendlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiraphu yokudla izinyosi ushukela ebusika, kululekwa ukwandisa ukudla kuya ku-30 kg.

Ukuze kabusha lo isiraphu ushukela, izinyosi ukuchitha amandla izinto eziningi ezinkulu, ngakho ingxenye ukudla iya nokuvulwa amandla owenziwe. Kule ndaba, amaseli akuzona zonke isiraphu Ufika kabusha. Kufanele kucatshangelwe uma uphendula umbuzo kanjani podkormlivat izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika.

Nini Umanyolo?

abafuyi bezinyosi Novice zivame bakhathazekile umbuzo uma efaka umquba siqala izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika. Imigomo kwaqedwa inqubo kufanele kube okufanayo - kungakadluli 10 September, ekuqaleni kwenqubo - Agasti, kule nkathi yesikhathi kulawulwa ekupheleni isifumbathiso main futhi ukuyekisa ukudonsa uju.

Isizathu siwukuthi ngesikhathi ngokucubungula isiraphu zenzeka bafake izinyosi. Ngenxa yalokho, labo izinambuzane ukuthi reprocesses ke, kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo ngeke bakwazi ukusinda. Usinde ebusika izinyosi ezincane kuphela ababe Ziyaqhubeka kule Nzalo ekwindla.

Uma inqubo yokudla kuyokwenzeka phakathi nenyanga yonke ka September, kungase kuvele izinkinga ezimbili sina:

1) ukuze inqubo kucutshungulwa isiraphu uzojoyina izinyosi ezincane, nabo ukugqoka ukucutshungulwa okuphakelayo futhi ngeke usinde ebusika.

2) Uma umpe isiraphu ngeke iyangena slot isikhathi eside, kwesibeletho kuzothatha ke isibonakaliso ukuthi ukufumbathisa kwenzekani, futhi kuyoba ngiyisibungu, okungukuthi, amaqanda ngaphezulu isikhathi eside. Lusanda izinyosi ngenxa engaguquki kubanda ngeke isikhathi ukwenza flyby kuqala, njengoba kamuva aphume Nzalo. Bazohamba esidlekeni e kwesihlalo, futhi izinyosi babe kula maseli ukuthatha uju. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaholela ukubukeka nosema.

Umphumela uzokuba - umndeni ayoshabalala.

Uma yonke into yenziwe kahle, esikhathini lapho ukudla muhle ngokwanele, ukugeleza umpe uzoyeka, kwesibeletho eyeka amaqanda Shelving.

Isiphetho licacile: ukusuthisa isiraphu izinyosi ushukela ebusika kufanele kwenziwe kuzo lapho kusaqalwa. yokudla efanele futhi nomthelela omuhle esizukulwaneni esisha, futhi entsha, ngoba izinambuzane ezincane akudingeki ukuchitha imizamo niphuma isizukulwane esilandelayo.

Hlobo luni lwenyoni Element ukhetha?

Element izinyosi kudingeka sizondle bee amakoloni. Uma kuziwa endleleni ukuthi ukunikeza izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika, sifanelwe yokudla ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Esikhathini yesimanje ukufuywa Element liyisici esidlekeni. Esikhathini ngabanye bee amapulazi ukukhetha kuyinto beekeeper.

Esebenza ngogesi zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo futhi efakwe ngetindlela letehlukene:

• Framework Element. ibhokisi Small obujwayelekile abenziwe ngokhuni noma plastic, elikwaziyo ukubamba ketshezi. Ububanzi mkhulu ububanzi esidlekeni Uhlaka, ngakho ayesekela indlu bee. I isiraphu kuthululwe ngokusebenzisa uphondo ku uzimele, bese hang it in beehive eduze esidlekeni.
• Letkovye esebenza ngogesi. Prilotnoy efakwe ibhodi, ayifake i isitsha nabokhulumile egcwele ukudla.
• esebenza ngogesi Capacitive. Liquid agcinwayo vacuo. It is zigxilé izinyosi, isiraphu isuka izimbobo ezincane. Njengoba lezi emikhombeni ingasetshenziswa amabhange.
• Element Miller. Egibele phezu esidlekeni enikeziwe kufaneleka ngokucophelela. Kuvele yokufaka izinyosi.
• Vula Element. Vula iziqukathi lapho isiraphu kuthululwe. Bakhandwa ubeke eduze kwendawo yokungena esidlekeni.
• Element-simuke namanzi. Yenziwe ipulangwe, isetshenziswa nge evulekile umkhombe-emgqonyeni ivolumu ephezulu.
• Ngezansi Element. Ngokhuni odongeni ibha-sokuhlukanisa itholakala ngaphakathi esidlekeni eduze kwesango. Igebe okuholela ligcwele isiraphu.

Esebenza ngogesi amaphakheji

Kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka yokudla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika e ngepulasitiki uziphu izikhwama. Ungasebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivamile, kodwa izinga ezinhle - kubalulekile ukugwema ukudabuka iphakheji.

I isiraphu is batheleka amaphakethe, okuyinto izinyosi ncela ngokusebenzisa sebeziqhumbuza wenza blade abukhali. Lapho batheleka isiraphu iphakethe selupholile, akhishwe iphakethe emoyeni ngokweqile kanye ifindo besigaxa ngaphezu isiraphu 3 ngamasentimitha. Sebeziqhumbuza lezi amaphakheji Awukwazi ukwenza, njengoba izinyosi ngokwabo kungaba badla ngokusebenzisa ifilimu elincanyana, ukuthola ukudla. Amaphakheji ezibekwe phezu elingenhla nohlaka nemigoqo. Eziboshwa isikhwama wafafaza isiraphu usulungile, obonisa imivimbo, lapho nokuyenga.

Umkhombe lingasetshenziswa at ongaphakeme okushisa kuma, ngoba heats uqobo umndeni bee. Umthamo ukusetshenziswa ushukela isiraphu ngesikhathi kumele inikezwe ikhumbula amabutho bee amakoloni. Ngakho, bee emndenini, buyimfanelo enamandla kakhulu, kungaba ukucubungula isiraphu in imali engafika ku-6 amalitha obubodwa, ke uzokwehla inani entwasahlobo.

Izindleko esebenza ngogesi elinjalo yakhiwa kuphela intengo iphakethe. I ethile kuphela wukuthi lezi amaphakheji ingasetshenziswa kanye kuphela, futhi esikhundleni salo esisha liyadingeka abaphazamisa bee ikoloni.

Ephoqelekile efaka umquba ebusika

Ngezinye izikhathi ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, kukhona isidingo afeze ukuvundiswa eyengeziwe ebusika. Lokhu yokudla - yisikali ngenkani akuyona efiselekayo.

Ukuze abafuyi bezinyosi mfunda-makhwelo, umbuzo kanjani ukondla isiraphu izinyosi ushukela ebusika, ukulaya ngeke engadingekile:

1. Uma kukhona isidingo ubambe sigqoka ephuthumayo, bese ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi kufanele ayeke ukukhetha ku okuphakelayo yokuthi akakubangeli excitation okungadingekile umndeni bee futhi ngeke kubangele isifo sohudo.
2. Ukunika odliwayo, kumelwe futhi Ungaphazamisi lonke club, futhi uma kungenzeka ukugwema yizembe kusuka esidlekeni umndeni bee.
3. Winter yokudla is arcade kwenziwa nokusetshenziswa okuphakelayo obukhulu: ushukela candy noma amaswidi. Basuke ibekwe ngaphezu kwe-bee club.
4. Uma udinga izinyosi ukuvundiswa ushukela isiraphu ebusika, izinga lokushisa lapho ungakwenza - kuyinto ebalulekile. sigqoka okunjalo siyophumelela uma Zimovniki lokushisa kusuka 3 kuya 5 ^o C.
5. Ushukela isiraphu lokushisa 25-30 ^{° C} ligcwele yeseli-Element amabhange, uphahla Element futhi uyibeke eduze izinyosi club, amboze ophahleni futhi isidleke ngci.
6. Uma okushisa aphansi zikwenza Zimovniki yokudla, kubalulekile ukuhambisa umndeni bee usuku a walungisa ngokukhethekile Egumbini elimnyama lapho izinga lokushisa ²⁵ ° C. Kuvuselela izinyosi uwukuhamba ebusika futhi ngenkuthalo welulele ngaphesheya endaweni esidlekeni ngifuna ukudla.
7. Ngemva kosuku bee amakoloni sikhuthazele emuva winterer, futhi endaweni yawo ukuletha iqembu elisha idinga avale.

Ushukela isiraphu - a ubusika yimpumelelo

Ukondla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika siyophumelela uma Stripes bayoba nethuba ukufunda kahle.

Phakathi yokudla kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inani elithile izinyosi nganoma iyiphi indlela ishabalale noma ukushiya isidleke. Futhi okubi nakakhulu isimo sezulu, cishe ukuba balahlekelwa. Isizathu siwukuthi izinyosi olunegethivi beqonda ehlasela indawo yabo siqu. Gwema lokhu kulahlekelwa cishe akunakwenzeka, kodwa ingakhishwa lincane.

Ukuze lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele efaka umquba izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika, imithetho ukusuthisa kumele ilandelwe, ikhumbula lemali edingekile ushukela isiraphu futhi ikhumbula isikhathi nokondla lokushisa. Kuphela uma bonke izimo ukuthola uju izinga, nezinyosi kuyoba iphila.