Isakhiwo wanamuhla umnotho womhlaba kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko

Ukuze uzwisise ngokunembile okushiwo umnotho womhlaba, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isakhiwo emnothweni wezwe. Limelela indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ashukumisayo ehlanganisa ezinye izakhi Macro.

isakhiwo umnotho womhlaba kuhlanganisa legatsha futhi cross-ingxenye izinhlangano, amabhizinisi, kanye nezifunda izakhiwo. Zakha Ingxenye enkulu zokukhiqiza ukusetshenziswa GDP. Kusukela ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zingxenye futhi isakhiwo kwezomnotho komnotho womhlaba. Ukuthuthukiswa esitebeleni komnotho womhlaba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kahle isakhiwo kwezomnotho.

Sonke lesi sakhiwo komnotho womhlaba, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo yayo kazwelonke - umqondo elikhulu okuhlukahlukene. Lihlanganisa substructures ezilandelayo: imikhakha, indawo, zokuzala, ukusebenza kanye nezenhlalakahle.

isakhiwo Wendawo ibonisa indlela ohlela ngayo umsebenzi kwezomnotho emazweni nezindawo.

isakhiwo Lokuzaliswa yakhiwa izingxenye ezifana ekuqongeleleni, ukusetshenziswa, ukuthekelisa. Kuyinto obonakalisa isimo umnotho kazwelonke, njengoba nokuchema esivuna kwenye yezingxenye kubonisa isikhundla lesifanele izinto emnothweni. Isibonelo, uma u-100% we ukukhiqiza GDP kuphela ukusetshenziswa, kubonisa isimo engazinzile zomnotho kuleli zwe. Isilinganiso elikhulu ukusetshenziswa / isitoreji / ukuthekelisa 70% / 25% / 5%. Lezi ngezabelo neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwane ukuthekelisa ungenise ukunciphisa kungevani kahle kutenhlalo.

isakhiwo Functional ibonisa kokusele ukukhiqizwa amasosha nezakhamuzi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuba isimo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho yezwe. Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho ngamazwe, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi ephakeme inani ukukhiqizwa amasosha, sibi isimo sezomnotho ezweni. Kuze kube manje, izindleko lempi ukukhiqizwa ziphazamise intuthuko emazweni amaningi. Inombolo kahle indlela osebenzisa ngayo imali ukuzivikela kuyinto 12% we-GDP. Konke okungenhla 6%, okuholela nokucekelwa phansi ukukhiqizwa okunokuthula futhi komnotho.

isakhiwo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho ephawula ubudlelwano phakathi izinhlobo isakhiwo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. uhlobo evelele incike uhlobo impahla, ingqikithi ezimbalwa ahlukanisa clan nomphakathi (ngaphandle yangasese), feudalism (ubunikazi izinduna khona), yabadobi lezimpahla (ibhizinisi elincane) kanye ne-capitalism (okuyinto esivela emikhulu umkhakha, inhlokodolobha yangasese futhi monopolies).

Umhlaba isakhiwo umnotho legatsha sakhiwa sebuningini ukuphathwa amayunithi, okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye ukukhiqizwa izimo ziyahlukahluka. ukuhlaziywa komnotho omkhulu uqokomisa amaqembu ayinhloko ezilandelayo: zezimboni, Agro-ezimbonini (noma kwezolimo), ukwakhiwa, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane kanye non-yokukhiqiza (amasevisi). Lezi izimboni zingahlukaniswa zibe subtypes. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhakha sehlukaniswe imboni yezimayini.

Kuze kube manje, umnotho womhlaba kanye oyiyo elinesimo predominance we share amasevisi. E-US, nase UK, yafinyelela ku-80% e-Japan nase-Canada - 70%, eJalimane, e-Italy ne-France - ngu-60%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunciphise isabelo kwezolimo nasezimbonini akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 25-30% we-GDP. Le mikhuba zichazwe nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, okuyinto kuye kwavula kumiswa entsha izimboni kanye emkhakheni wemisebenzi.

amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet zitholakala cishe ezingeni elifanayo lokuthuthukiswa. Umnotho lamazwe ezinjalo libhekene ukwabelana okuphezulu kwezolimo nasezimbonini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ongaphakeme amasevisi ezingeni.

Ngo Emazweni asathuthuka, yabelana ezolimo idlula isabelo umkhakha. isilinganiso wabo mayelana 20-35% kanye 10-25% ngokulandelana.