KumiswaIsayensi

Isayensi Postnonclassical nendawo yayo ifilosofi nesayensi

Phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili baba enkathini UKUCHAZISISA ngokuba ezingaba yesayensi lwesintu. Kunesidingo ukucacisa umsebenzi wesayensi emikhakheni ezenhlalo nezamasiko, kanye nemiphumela okwaphumela kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuye kwaholela reorientation njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi wesayensi, kanye yokuthi waqala ukwakha into ezifana nesayensi post-nonclassical. A umthelela omkhulu ukuvela walo kwakunamafasitela imibono yefilosofi yokungakholelwa futhi umqondo yokuqala izinhlobo ezahlukene epistemological futhi imisebenzi yesayensi, ejwayelekile kwesikhathi post-yimpi. Futhi isihloko kanye amalungiselelo lomqondo kulesi siqondiso ethile kwamiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne ukuthuthukiswa ifilosofi nesayensi, futhi isihloko isithakazelo kanye nokuhlaziywa zefilosofi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX imodeli zasendulo isayensi iye yasungula izimiso ukuletha umsebenzi epistemological ngokuhambisana ekahle methodological, okuholele izilinganiso okuthile azani yesayensi, kanye ukubukeka onobuhle zezibalo logic, esangenza ukucacisa izici isakhi ulwazi lwesayensi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwathi ukuthuthukiswa lolu lwazi iwukuba ufundelwe ahlobene eliqinisekile lenkinga, nokuthi izimangalo isayensi classical ekutholeni ulwazi ngokuphelele, akusho acabangele khona okuthiwa ulwazi subjective ezahlukene rationality nezinqubo ashukumisayo. Waqala kanjalo-ke isigaba, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukugqoka igama elifanelekayo: isayensi post-classic.

Nokho, imizamo ukwakha isayensi esihlanganisiwe uyaqhubeka ngesisekelo ulimi physics kanye mathematics. Ekupheleni 1960, lezi Uhlelo normativist okunengqondo-zezibalo neo kubange ukudumala okukhulu ukuthi engangabazi womphakathi nhlobo kungenzeka iyiphi inqubo edamu epistemological. Lokhu esizwa nefilosofi postnonclassical, ezifana post-structuralism futhi postpositivism, ababeka phambili umqondo wokuthi indlela of ezinhle kufanele kuthathelwe indawo bunyenti imiqondo methodological, ubukela phansi nomunye futhi ngaleyo ndlela esondela iqiniso. Phakathi zalezi zinkolelo-mbono zingase obizwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela falsification noKarla Poppera, umqondo linemibhikisho yesayensi Kuhn, indlela izinhlelo ucwaningo lwesayensi Lakatos, umbono wolwazi ngeziphansi Polanyi, nabanye abaningi.

isayensi Postnonclassical has izici zayo siqu. Okokuqala, it libhekene sekushiwo umqondo kwezinto nolwazi imithetho emkhakheni wesayensi nemikhuba ahlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ingxenye imodeli isayensi ukugxekwa asakazwa okuthiwa eziyisisekelo zesayensi, ezama kakhulu ukunciphisa zonke ulwazi base ekhona kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo yayo. Ngo epistemology futhi indlela-ke izitshela ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaba ephila nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene ukuncintisana kanye "umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke" kanye ukubangisana izinhlelo ezahlukene. Kulokhu, lo ukugcizelela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ubudlelwane phakathi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ehlukene namaqembu abo, ngisho leyo alizimele, kuhlanganise mncintiswano, Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxeka nokunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo main theme kuyinto isidingo uthole nezitha nabaphikisi futhi alawule izingxabano ngendlela enokuthula, ngekuvumelala - hhayi kuphela ucwaningo kodwa futhi isimo senhlalo.

Omunye imiqondo esemqoka, nesebenzela isayensi postnonclassical iyona Paradigm. Libhekisela ubuqotho izinkolelo, izindinganiso futhi izindlela ezamukelwe ngu wezesayensi nokuqinisekisa phambili isiko. Singasho ukuthi Paradigm iyisici okuletha ndawonye labo uphakathi wezesayensi. Iphinde ichaza uhla izinkinga abasebenzelana ngayo. Lapho Paradigm uyashintsha, kukhona revolution yesayensi kanye ukuguqulwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yesithombe emhlabeni, lapho kuboniswa isayensi, nakuba wabizela okunengqondo hhayi kuphela, kodwa yezakhi axiological.

isayensi Postnonclassical nakho libhekene khona Synergy. Lena ububanzi multidisciplinary izifundo ezahlukene ukuthi nifuna imigomo ejwayelekile, amakhemikhali, begazi, izinhlelo ngokomzimba kwemingcele yezomnotho, yezenhlalo nezinye self-inhlangano yabo. Ukuze Synergy kusebenza nomqondo isiphithiphithi njengoba umyalelo liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuyinto njalo engase ukulungele ukuzibonakalisa ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo ngaphambilini. Kusho Ukuyeka isithombe emhlabeni, elakhiwa, efana izitini izinhlayiya aphansi, bakhetha ukuthula njengoba iqoqo izinqubo.

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