Namuhla esinitshela mayelana nokuthi ubani Robert Ludlum. Izincwadi lokhu umbhali waseMelika, futhi yomlando wakhe uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. He is kumbhali wokuthengisa kahle eziningi, umkhiqizi kanye umlingisi. imisebenzi komlobi zishicilelwe ngezilimi ezingu-32 futhi ithengiswe okwedlula amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-210 ka.
biography
Robert Ludlum wazalelwa e-New York, lapho kufika ngoMeyi 1927. Uyise, George, ushone ngesikhathi lo mfana iminyaka 7 kuphela ubudala. Ngakho-ke, umbhali esizayo wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi kakhulu e-New Jersey. Elapho wayehlala nezihlobo. Umfana waqala ukutadisha at wompristi School. Ngemva engena Wesleyan University, esemgwaqweni Middletown, Conn. Kukhona aba yilungu yeluhlolo lolungakahleleki umfundi welibhola letinyawo ebizwa Alpha Delta Phi.
Sisebancane impela, Robert ngacabanga kukhethwa umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Wayefuna ukuhlale kumdlali, isosha, nesazi umdlali. Lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, ngakho wacelwa ukuba sidlale indima production ngokuthi Junior Miss. It ngokuphelele useshintshe ukuphila komuntu osemusha. Ngo-1945 yena uya impi, wakhonza e-Marine Corps endaweni ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbalwa ayelichithe phakathi kwababusi, wahlakulela inqwaba yamakhasi okuvelayo ezaziwayo. Kuyo echazwe inkonzo Navy. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe Middletown umbhali esizayo iziqu University. Ngo-1951 wathola iziqu ze-bachelor wobuciko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo washada. Ukukhetha wayengowesifazane, Mary, ngawo basondeze izingane ezintathu.
umsebenzi
Esikhathini kwamashumi amahlanu, Robert Ludlum wabonakala njalo ewuchungechunge yethelevishini nemibukiso yomabonakude. Ngo-1954, yena wadlala uSpartacus e ifilimu "Gladiator". Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili ukuthi wayesebuyile kakade wakwazi jikisa indima lesosha ifilimu "Namandla wedwa," kuqondiswe yi Fritz Hoshuolder. Robert Ludlum waba umkhiqizi eNorth Jersey Playhouse. iminyaka engu-2 kamuva wadala nkundla okuthiwa Playhouse-on-the-Mall e-New Jersey, eParamus edolobheni. Kuze 1971 Ludlum wabhala kuphela udlala for yaseshashalazini sakhe. Abaningi babo bagcina on Broadway.
Ngo-1971, incwadi yokuqala umlobi "Heritage Scarlatti" esanyatheliswa, okuyinto isitshela indaba isosha aseMelika phakathi Second neMpi Yezwe. Ngokusho umbhali, umsebenzi ephethwe ukushicilela imizamo 10 kuphela. Nokho, abamemezeli esesabela isiphetho sencwadi, inoveli waba ethengwa kakhulu ngokushesha. Umkhiqizo esilandelayo umbhali kwaba umsebenzi "I Osterman Impelasonto", esanyatheliswa ngo-1973. I eponymous ifilimu lithathelwe izindaba wabonakala ngo-1983. Umqondisi we ifilimu kwaba Sam Peckinpah. Robert nomkhaya wakhe ngo-1970 bathuthela e-New York. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakufanele bonyana indlu futhi e-Florida. Ngaleso sikhathi, Ludlum eziningi wokujikeleza, lokuqoqa izinto izindaba esizayo. Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, lomuzi wakhe ozithandayo ngazo zonke izikhathi kwaba Paris.
I Bourne Identity
Wanyathelisa incwadi, "I Bourne Identity" ngo-1980. Khona-ke wamletha udumo emhlabeni wonke futhi baba ekuqaleni uchungechunge imisebenzi. Kulo mfanekiso, Bourne - umlingisi losemcoka - itholwe kolwandle ngaphandle inkumbulo. Esikhathini esidlule, it is a ejenti CIA. Kuyo eyibhalela hero uzama ukukhumbula ungubani bakhe beqiniso. "I Bourne Identity" yaqale wathwebula 1988 okwesibili - phakathi 2002. Kulo mfanekiso, hero kuzosiza Marie St Jacques. Ukuphazamisa yena, bayahamba abasebenzi e-CIA futhi Carlos the Ujakalasi - isitha esifungelwe. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlamvu Kumele kuqashelwe Jack Manning - omunye izikhulu eziphezulu ze-Central Intelligence Agency. Ukuqhubeka Saga steel umkhiqizo "Ukuphakama Bourne" futhi "Ultimatum" okuyinto ngokulandelana woza ngo-1986 nango-1990 ngonyaka.
I wobuqili Prometheus
Abanye imisebenzi umbhali eshicilelwe ngaphansi pseudonyms Dzhonatan Rayder futhi Maykl Sheperd. LweziNcwadi Roberta Ladlema ncwadi iphetha "The wobuqili Prometheus", esanyatheliswa ngo-2000. Umlobi wafa ngo-March 12, 2001. Wayeneminyaka engu-73 ubudala. Imbangela kwaba ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. He is nombhali wezincwadi engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. imibhalo yesandla Posthumous abalobi zitholakele. Omunye wabo - "Ambler Isexwayiso" - yanyatheliswa ngo ukuphrinta ngo-2005 yokuqala. Ngo-2006-ke lahunyushelwa isiRashiya, kanti eRussia umsebenzi waba ethengwa kakhulu.
lwezincwadi
Ngo-1971, umlobi ebhala incwadi "Ifa Elashiywa Scarlatti." Ngo-1972 kwafika umsebenzi "Osterman Impelasonto." Incwadi ethi "Matlock Paper" livela 1973. Kwakukhona incwadi "Exchange Raynemanna" ngo-1974 ngaphansi kwegama Jonathan Ryder weza Trevayne isebenza ngo-1973 futhi "Ukubizwa Halidon" ngo-1974. Ngo-1975, ngaphansi kwegama Michael Shephard enyathelisa incwadi "Indlela Eya Gandolfo." incwadi "Twins imbangi" esanyatheliswa ngo-1976. "Wesandla Chenselora" savela kuyi-1977 incwadi ethi "Intando Holcroft" esanyatheliswa ngo-1978. Sebenza "Matarese Circle" yavela kuyi-1979, "I Bourne Identity" yalotshwa 1980. umbhali uye wadala umsebenzi "Parsifal KaMose" ngo-1982. Ngo-1984 wanyathelisa incwadi "Uzungu of Aquitaine." Ngo-1986 wakhipha umqulu "I Bourne Eliphakeme." Incwadzi Icarus Ajenda livela 1988. "I Bourne Ultimatum" ishicilelwe ngo-1990 Ngo-1992, umlobi kudala umsebenzi "Indlela Eya Omaha." Ngo-1993 wanyathelisa incwadi ethi "The inkohliso emqosela umuntu." Ngo-1995, kukhona umsebenzi Apocalypse Buka. Ngo-1997, incwadi ethi The Matarese Countdown. Ngo-2000, uRobert Ludlum uphela incwadi ethi "The wobuqili Prometheus." Ngo-2005, umlobi eshicilelwe wesandla "Ambler Isexwayiso".