Izinguquko zesayense: okufeziwe kanye namathuba

Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwangempela kwesayensi, isintu sesivele senze izinto ezibalulekile, ezitholile inqubekela phambili enkulu. Abantu ngalesi sikhathi sebevele basebenzisa izibhamu kanye nesibhamu ukuze kucaciswe ubuhlobo, bewela imikhumbi yolwandle nolwandle ukufuna amazwe amasha. Enye yezinto eziqakatheke kakhulu - ukushicilela - kwenza kube lula ukulondoloza ulwazi olutholakalayo, ukuvimbela abantu ukuba baphinde baphinde baqhube endaweni eyodwa. Ulwazi lwakhula, ubuhlobo phakathi kwamazwe nomphakathi banda. Futhi konke lokho kwafaka isandla ekufezeni umlingo onjalo empucuko yabantu njengesiqalo sokuqala sesayense.

Umlando uyazi ukuthi okwamanje okwenqaba konke okusha, okuqondiswe esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusho ukuthi eNkathini Ephakathi, isayensi ihambe ngokukhipha iminyango nemingcele, akudingekile. Yonke impumelelo yobuchwepheshe yayinomsebenzi osebenzayo kuphela, umlingiswa osetshenzisiwe, nemibono eyithuthukisiwe nakakhulu nabantu ababachazele, babhekene nezinselele ezimbi. Into enhle kunayo yonke ama-cosmopolitans angaleso sikhathi awazange abone ukungabaza ngeqiniso lama-postulates akhona ukuthi ukuguquka kwesayense kwekhulu le-17 kubangele. Thatha, isibonelo, iphuzu lokubuka kwe- Universe, isikhungo sazo esasiyiMhlaba. Izimfundiso zokuwa, ukuhlala kwezulu nesihogo kwakuyisidingo esibalulekile kubaholi besonto besikhathi esasibusa umhlaba wangesikhathi esidlule ngosizo lwesaba nokushushiswa. Futhi umbono ohlukile kaNicholas Copernicus wokuthi wonke amaplanethi akhona, kuhlanganise noMhlaba, ajikeleze i-Sun, esivela phakathi nekhulu le-16, wenza umphakathi washaqeka. Ososayensi bangaleso sikhatsi nabo babengenaso isibindi sokwethula izimpilo zabo emlilweni we-Inquisition. Futhi yingakho, mhlawumbe, ukuhumusha kwesayensi kaNicholas Copernicus kwanyatheliswa kakade emva kokufa komlobi walo.

Noma kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakusho noma benzani, kwakuyimfundiso yesazi sezinkanyezi esikhulu esasiyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthi inguquko yokuqala yesayensi yafezwa. Isithombe sezwe, okwamanje esiye saqaphela ukuthi singagxiliwe futhi singenakuphikiswa, sawa phambi komphakathi omangele. Umlandeli weCopernicus isazi sezinkanyezi uBraga wenza futhi waphinde waqinisekisa ngokuthola kwakhe ukuthi ukulungiswa kwamalungiselelo amakhulu asezulwini angena ohlelweni lwama-solar galaxy, ibanga elivela komunye nomunye. Ngakho kwakukhona ikhathalogu yokuqala yezinkanyezi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwesayense kwekhulu le-17 kwaqhutshwa imisebenzi emihle kaGalileo Galilei. Wayesenayo kakade i-telescope eyenziwa eNetherlands, eyayivuselela futhi yafezeka ngempumelelo futhi yakwazi ukubona ama-sunspots kanye nama- craters enyangeni, yathola ama- satellites kaJupiter futhi ichaza izigaba zeVenus. Futhi iSonto layesaba kakhulu manje futhi selizwakala i-alamu. Usosayensi odumile, lapho ebuhlungu ngokufa, wagwetshwa ukuboshwa kwendlu yonke isikhathi futhi waphoqeleka ukuba aqaphele ukuthi konke okutholile akutholile.

Noma kunjalo, izinguquko zesayensi zase zivele zilawula ngokugcwele isondo lomlando. Buka Kufakiwe 0 Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Okuningi okuvela kumbhali Galileo Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Umphumela walokhu ukutholakala kukaKepler kwezinhlobo ze-elliptical zezindlela zamaplanethi. Kamuva amatafula kaRudolf ahlanganiswa, okwakwenza ukuba izibalo zezinkanyezi zenzeke ngokuvumelana nezibalo.

Khona-ke ukuguqulwa kwesayense kwakulokhu kukhula futhi kumangaze umhlaba ngemithetho kaNewton, izifundo zezokwelapha kanye nezasendulo zomzimba womuntu, okuholela ekucatshangweni ukuthi igazi lisakazwa ngokuthola izinyathelo zenhliziyo. Futhi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 kwakhiwa ulimi lwezibalo, futhi uhlelo lwempawu lwe-logarithmic lwatholakala. Futhi, singasho ukuthi ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwesayensi kwaqedwa ngokudalwa komshini wokubambisana wePascal, bese kuthuthukiswa nguLeibniz futhi uyakwazi ukukhiqiza umphumela wokuphindaphinda.