Isici esiyinhloko olwenzeka endaweni lwasemanzini nacho ... Izakhiwo izindawo zasemanzini

Sekuyisikhathi eside Water kwaba hhayi kuphela imfuneko ukuphila, kodwa futhi indawo yemvelo ukuze izilwanyana eziningi. It has eziningi izici ezivelele, okuyinto thina ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo Aquatic: isici

Kunezici eziningana kwemvelo kubonakala yonke indawo ezihlala kuyo - izimo ehlala phansi kwazo imiphakathi nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Kuqhathaniswa phansi emoyeni, izindawo zasemanzini (Libanga 5 uhlola lesi sihloko geography Yiqiniso) elinesimo kwabantu high futhi obonakalayo ingcindezi iconsi. Sici Its ehlukile inani elincane umoya-mpilo. izilwane zasemanzini, izilwane zasemanzini ababiziweyo, ezihlukahlukene bazivumelanisa baphila ezimweni ezinjalo.

amaqembu Environmental izilwane zasemanzini

Iningi eziphilayo eligxile e ukushuba we amanzi ezilwandle. Ayavumelana amaqembu amabili: plankton futhi nektonic. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa ama-bacterium, ulwelwe oluluhlaza, jellyfish, ezinamagobolondo, nokunye. N. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi babo letingabhukusha bebodwa, abakwazi ukumelana imisinga enamandla. Ngakho-ke, ezihambayo eziphilayo planktonic kusukela wamanje amanzi. Lithathelwe izindawo zasemanzini ebonakaliswa yobukhulu bawo amancane, ongaphakeme isisindo ethize futhi khona amaqhubu isici.

Ukuze nekton eziphilayo inhlanzi, cephalopods, ezincelisayo yasemanzini. Abanaso zincike amandla nesiqondiso ukugeleza futhi eziswebezelayo emanzini kuphela. Lokhu kunomthelela umumo ovikelekile imizimba yabo futhi amaphiko evuthiwe.

Elinye iqembu izilwane zasemanzini is perifeton. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izakhamuzi amanzi, okuyinto anamekwe substrate. Lokhu isipanji, abanye ulwelwe, ama-coral polyp. Ngesikhathi umngcele neuston amanzi phansi emoyeni imvelo owakhiwe. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu izinambuzane, ezixhunywe nge ifilimu amanzi.

Izakhiwo zasemanzini izindawo

Phakathi yizici zemvelo yamanzi imvelo udlala indima ehamba phambili lokushisa nokukhanya izimo. Abakwazi kubhekwe ukuba nokukhawulela. Ngakho, ukujula esiphezulu lapho kukhona izitshalo is mayelana 270 m. Kwakulapho ukuthi ulwelwe obomvu adonse ukukhanya iyona. izimo ezijulile ukuze photosynthesis engekho.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo emanzini, okuyinto isici kumba eqolo, kanye nezinkomba ngisho ezahlukene ezifana blood pressure. Ngenxa yakhe izilwane ithonya zibukhoma ekujuleni ezithile.

izimo lokushisa

Isici esiyinhloko imvelo aqueous wukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa umoya obunganakekile lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingqimbeni ebusweni olwandle, lesi sibalo ingeqi 10-15 degrees ngenhla zero. A izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngesikhathi njalo ukujula. umkhawulo wayo aphansi ifinyelela -2 degrees centigrade. lokushisa okunjalo kuhlinzekwe yinkampani okusezingeni eliphezulu ethize ukushisa umthamo wamanzi.

yokucacisa amadamu

Esinye isici avelele imvelo aqueous ukuthi we amandla elanga ukujula incipha. Ngakho-ke, izinto eziphilayo okuphila incike le nkomba abakwazi ukuphila ekujuleni ezinkulu. Okokuqala nje siphathelene ulwelwe. Deeper 1500m ukukhanya akusho zingene nhlobo. Ezinye ezinamagobolondo, coelenterates, lezinhlanzi nezimbaza babe impahla bioluminescence. Lezi zilwane ekujuleni kolwandle ngokwabo ukukhiqiza likhanyise namachibi lipid. Nge amasignali enjalo bekhulumisana nomunye.

ingcindezi amanzi

ukucwiliswa namandla ngokukhethekile wazizwa okwandisa ingcindezi amanzi. 10 m, lesi sibalo antante emkhathini. Ngakho-ke, iningi izilwane ingashintshwa kuphela Ekujuleni nokucindezelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, annelid izimpethu zibukhoma ezonini intertidal, futhi coelacanth sehliselwe 1000 m.

Ukuhambisa kwabo amanzi

Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi amanzi angase abe yinto ehlukile futhi izimbangela. Ngakho, ushintsho kule planethi yethu isikhundla isihlobo Ilanga Nenyanga kubangela khona ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle, namagagasi. Amandla adonsela phansi eMhlabeni nethonya umoya ukugeleza phezu kwemifula. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela njalo amanzi efeza indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Kuyinto ukunyakaza ezifudukayo amaqembu ezihlukahlukene izilwane zasemanzini, imithombo ukudla nomoya-mpilo, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi okuqukethwe igesi esibalulekile emanzini ukuze ngaphansana imvelo phansi emoyeni izikhathi ezingu-20.

Lapho benza oxygen emanzini lapho? Lokhu kungenxa ukwanda okusheshayo kanye ulwelwe imisebenzi ukuthi afeze-photosynthesis. Ngenxa yokuthi isibalo sabo incipha nge ukujula sinciphile lokuhlushwa oxygen. Ezingqimbeni phansi, lesi sibalo okuncane kanye kudala izimo cishe anaerobic. Isici esiyinhloko imvelo aqueous Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokuhlushwa i-oksijini incipha nge okwandisa usawoti kanye lokushisa.

Inkomba lamanzi usawoti

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amanzi ziyazithokozela futhi anosawoti. Iqembu yokugcina kuhlanganisa ulwandle nakho izilwandle. usawoti Inkomba ulinganiswa ppm. Le mali kwezinto eziqinile ezisebusweni 1 g amanzi. I usawoti isilinganiso izilwandle kuyinto 35 ppm. Izinga aphansi lulwandle, sise izingongolo iplanethi. Lokhu kungenxa gqwa ukuncibilika yeqhwa - amabhlogo olukhulu lwamanzi eqandisiwe fresh. Iningi planethi okunosawoti yoLwandle Olufile. Akukho olulodwa yezinto eziphilayo. ophelelwa amandla awo iseduze 350 ppm. Kusukela izakhi zamakhemikhali emanzini evelele chlorine, i-sodium ne-magnesium.

Ngakho, isici esiyinhloko imvelo aqueous kuyinto ukuminyana yaso ephezulu, viscosity, ephansi lokushisa umehluko. Eziphilayo kanye okwandisa ukujula engavimba inani amandla elanga nomoya-mpilo. impilo yasemanzini, ababiziweyo izilwane zasemanzini, ungashukumisela ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukuhambisa bebodwa. Ukuze siphile ezweni elinje, banayo eziningi ezincwadini: khona gill emishinini yokuphefumula, amaphiko, ovikelekile komzimba, isisindo somzimba encane isihlobo, amaqhubu ejwayelekile.