Isikhala ezine-ntathu

Namuhla, wonke wesikole uyazi ukuthi isikhala lapho kukhona umuntu, ngakuthathu, okungukuthi, unamahlangothi ezintathu: ubude, ububanzi nobude. Kodwa uyini ezine-ntathu isikhala? Uma sitadisha hhayi kuphela isikhundla kwezendawo umzimba, kodwa futhi iguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indlela, okungukuthi, izinqubo ezenzeka emkhathini ngakuthathu, kukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu Ukudidiyela - isikhathi. Four-ntathu futhi siqukethe izixhumanisi ezintathu lubandlululo kanye eyodwa yesikhashana. Kulokhu, izazi zesayensi nezefilosofi ikhuluma olulodwa isikhala-time continuum. Isikhathi nendawo zihlobene kakhulu. Eqinisweni, zivela izici njengoba ezahlukene ezine-ntathu isikhala-time.

isikhala Four-ntathu njengoba ubunye isikhathi nendawo ine impahla ezithakazelisayo ukuthi is phetho imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwezinto of Einstein. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi ngsivinini kusondela umzimba ukukhanyisa kancane ogeleza isikhathi, futhi umzimba ngokwawo kuyehla ngosayizi.

Cabanga isikhala ezine-ntathu nzima impela. Uma siseyizingane ziningi izinto esikoleni, wahosha flat zeJiyomethri, ayizange uhlangabezana nobunzima ikakhulukazi - abayikho lamabili (abe ububanzi nobude). Kwaba nzima ukudweba kanye bamele Umumo ngakuthathu - Izigaxa, imibhoshongo, amasilinda nokuningi. Futhi cabanga sibalo ezine-ntathu kuyinto ngempela Kunzima ngisho mathematics ne-physics.

Yiqiniso, welithi "ezine-ntathu isikhala" ezidingekayo ukujwayela. zesayensi theory esetshenziswa nomqondo ezine-ntathu isikhala esigcwele njengephayona ithuluzi izibalo, ukuthuthukisa kuleli zwe geometry ezine-ntathu.

Theory Einstein wathi yesisindo somzimba neqhaza ugobile azungeze ezine-ntathu isikhala-isikhathi sakhe. Akulula ukubona ngehlo lengqondo i "evamile" isikhala esigcwele, futhi uhlanekezelwe - nzima nakakhulu. Kodwa semithetho yesayensi yemvelo, noma izibalo futhi akudingeki athumele lutho. Ugobile kubo imele ishintsha izakhiwo yejeyomethri zemizimba noma umumo. Ngokwesibonelo, ubude circumferential libhekisela ubukhulu bayo endizeni njengoba 3,14, futhi lokhu akulona iqiniso for ebusweni lwalugobile. Kungenzeka ugobile isikhala ezine-ntathu babecabanga ngasekuqaleni nesishiyagalolunye sezibalo Russian ekhulwini UNikolai Lobachevsky. Phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, sezibalo German Riemann eqala ukuhlola "lwalugobile" kwesikhala Ubukhulu ezintathu kuphela, kodwa amane, bese iyiphi inombolo Ubukhulu. Njengoba i-geometry isikhala lwalugobile libizwa non-Euclidean. Abasunguli be-geometry non-Euclidean wayengasazi isikhathi esiqondile ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kungaba wusizo geometry yabo. I-apharathasi zezibalo, lapho edala, kamuva asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinto jikelele (kwezinto jikelele).

Einstein waveza umphumela ezithakazelisayo, ngokuphathelene nesikhathi: inkambu ezinamandla okudonsa, isikhathi agobhoze kancane kuka ngaphandle-ke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi ilanga kuyoba kancane kuka emhlabeni, ngoba amandla adonsela phansi kwelanga inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela amandla adonsela phansi komhlaba. Ngesizathu esifanayo iwashi ezingeni ukuphakama ezithile ngaphezu Umhlaba hamba kancane ngokushesha kunokuba phezu iplanethi yethu.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu wonke isayensi ibe ososayensi ukuvula izindawo sikhathi, njengoba Ukwehla e eduze neutron izinkanyezi zawo, isikhathi sokuma ku "izimbobo black", kungenzeka yezinto ka "inguquko" emkhathini kanye nesikhathi inqubo reverse.

Ngaphandle yasendle okudonsa livela ngakho ngokuthi isikhala - kuyo amandla adonsela phansi emzimbeni, noma engathathi isinyathelo, noma izenzo enganamandla kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa yesisindo Earth. Izinkanyezi: Lawa emkhathini, futhi eningi yale mali inesikhala khulula.