Isikhathi sokunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezindlu zangempela. I-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation

Mhlawumbe, kulowo nalowo kithi, inkinga yezindlu iyona ephuthumayo kakhulu. Lapho uqhuba ukuthengiselana nge-real estate, abathengi be-fide bangabanjwa ezindleleni ze-swindler, futhi impahla yabo ingafakwa kwabanye abantu. Kulo mthetho kunombono "wesimiso sokulinganiselwa kokuthengiswa kwezindlu zangempela." Iyini futhi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ekuphikisaneni ukuthengiselana?

Incazelo yeThemu

I-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation iqukethe incazelo yale nkulumo (izihloko 181, 195-205). Ngaphansi kwalo mqondo kuqondwa isikhathi esadlula emva kokuthengiselana nge-real estate. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuthengiselana kungaba inselelo, futhi umphumela wayo ubonakala ungavumelekile kuphela enkantolo. Isidingo salesi sikhathi ukuvikela amalungelo wabanikazi.

Ngokwenza njalo, leli gama lisetshenziswa kaningi ngabameli abasecaleni lokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwezindlu zangempela, ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla emva kokuhlukaniswa kwabashadile, izivumelwano zesikhombiso. Ngokuvamile, lapho ulungiselela amadokhumenti okudayiswa, amaphutha akwenziwa. Ezinye zilungiswa kalula, abanye bangase badinge isilingo. Uma isikhathi sokunciphisa sesiphelelwe yisikhathi, amaqembu okuthengiselana ngeke asakwazi ukufaka isimangalo enkantolo.

Usho ukuthini?

Lesi sikhathi siyadingeka omunye wezinhlangothi ekubhekiseni icala lokulwa nommangalelwa. I-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation ilawula lobu buhlobo bomthetho. Akunakwenzeka ukushintsha isikhathi sale nkathi. Ukuhlelwa ngokusemthethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zale nkathi - jikelele futhi ekhethekile. I-jikelele isetshenziswe, njengombuso, ekubhekiseni izivumelwano zokuthengiswa nokuthengwa, isikhathi salo seminyaka engu-3. Okukhethekile akukhawulelwe enkathini yeminyaka engu-3. Isikhathi sokunciphisa okukhethekile sokuthengiswa kwezindlu kuyadingeka lapho kuxazululwa izinkinga ezivela ngemva kokuqashelwa kwazo njengekungavumelekile.

Ubude besikhathi esikhethekile ngaphansi komthetho kungaba:

• Izinyanga ezingu-3 (uma ilungelo lokuqalwa kwangaphambili liphulwa).
• Izinyanga eziyisithupha (uma icala likhishwa ngabahloli).
• Unyaka (uma isimangalo sihlobene nokuthutha impahla).
• Iminyaka emibili (uma isimangalo sibhekene nomsebenzi owenziwe kabi).
• Iminyaka emihlanu (uma umthengi wembula ukwehluleka okukhulu kwenkampani yokwakhiwa).

Iqala nini ukusebenza?

Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa izenzo angeke kuthinte isinyathelo somunye wabahlanganyeli ekuthengiseni. Ngokomthetho waseRussia, le nkathi ifika masinyane ngemuva kokuba omunye wezinhlangothi ezitholakale enkontileka efunde ngokuhlukumeza okubangela ukulimala kuyo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abangakwaziyo noma ukuqagela ukwephulwa ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, isikhathi sokunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezindlu kungena ngemuva kokudalula iqiniso lesecala nokwazisa amaqembu enkontileka ngalokhu.

Ngingayimisa isikhathi samanje? Umthetho waseRussia uthi lokhu kungenziwa ezimweni:

• Isimo esiphuthumayo senzekile (sinqunywe icala ngecala lesisekelo).
• Amaqembu okuthengiselana asebenza emaqenjini ahlomile.
• Wabeka umphumela wesenzo somthetho, owawulawula lezi zinsuku zomthetho.

Isikhathi sokunciphisa singaphazanyiswa futhi sibuye siphinde lapho omunye wezinhlangothi ehlelwa icala noma omunye wavuma iqiniso lokwephula umthetho.

Ukuthengiswa okungaqondakali

Ukuthengiselana okuhlukumezekayo kukhona imisebenzi ne-estate, ubuqiniso nokuqinisekiswa okubonakalayo ngesinqumo senkantolo. Umthetho uchaza izici ezilandelayo zokuthengiselana okuhlukumezayo:

• Isiphetho sesivumelwano senzeke ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhohliswa, ubudlova, izinsongo empilweni kanye nempilo, noma ngokuhlanganiswa ngamabomu kwamaqembu.
• Ukuthengiselana kwenziwe ngenye yezinhlangothi lapho kutholakala khona izimo ezinzima ngezimo ezingahle zenzeke.
• Inkontileka yenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhohlisa (ukukhona kwaleli qiniso kubonakala enkantolo).
• Uma omunye wezinkampani enkontileka engumuntu ongenalwazi noma omncane owenza ngaphandle kwemvume yabalindi noma abameli bezomthetho.
• Uma ukuthengiselana kwakungenayo imvume yomunye womlingani.

Uma, kulezi zimo, inkantolo ibona ukuthengiselana nempahla njengokungavumelekile, ummangalelwa uzama ukubuyisela impahla kummangali. Imali engenayo yommangalelwa iba yindawo yombuso. Isimiso sokulinganiselwa kwesikhathi uma kwenzeka ukuthengiselana okungafaneleki kungunyaka, kodwa kungadluliselwa enkantolo.

Amadili okwenziwe ngaphambili

Ukuthengiselana okucatshangwayo yizenzo ezithathwe ukuze zimboze omunye wabathile. Izenzo ezinjalo azitholakali ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ephetha isivumelwano sokuthengiswa kwefa langempela noma ibhizinisi, kodwa okuyinto eyenziwe njengengxoxo yokushintshanisa.

Amadili we-Imaginary

Ukuthengiselana ngeso lengqondo kukhona ukuthengiselana okwenziwe ngaphandle kwenhloso yangempela yokudukisa abantu abathile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinkohliso zenziwa ukuze zifihle impahla kusukela ekuhlolweni kwentela. Isibonelo, amaqembu enza umsebenzi wokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwezindlu zangempela, kodwa empeleni imisebenzi nemiphumela yezomthetho ayivuki futhi ayishintshi.

Ukuthengwa okungekho

Izingxabano zomthetho ezithengiswayo zindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zibhekene nokuqaphela ukungabi nalutho noma ukungavumeleki kokuthengiselana. Izigaba 168-172 ze-Civil Code ziqukethe izimo zokubheka ukungabaluleki kokuthengiselana, kuhlanganise:

• Imisebenzi engahambisani nemithetho esebenzayo.
• Izenzo eziphikisana nohlaka lomthetho kanye nokuziphatha.
• Ukuthengiselana kukhona okucabangelayo noma okufakiwe.
• Izenzo ezenziwe izakhamuzi nabantwana abangakwazi ukukhubazeka.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezindlu kungabonakala njengomthetho enkantolo uma kwenziwa ngabalindi, abazali, abazali abazali noma abancane ukuze bazuze lokhu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuthengiswa okungabalulekile kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwesinqumo senkantolo. Umuntu onentshisekelo angafaka isicelo enkantolo ukuze aqede imiphumela yomthetho yokuthengiselana.

Isigaba sempahla: isikhathi sokunciphisa

Isigaba 38 soMthetho weMndeni weRussia Federation sithi isikhathi sokunciphisa izinkinga eziphathelene nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla yomshado iminyaka engu-3, njengamacala ajwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, lesi sihloko asicaci isikhathi sokubala lesi sikhathi.

KuSahluko 9, Isigaba 200 se-Code Code, kuthiwa isimiso sokulinganiselwa sibalwa ngemuva kokuthi omunye wezinhlangothi ezithengiswayo zendawo yokuhlala athola ukuthi ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka izingxabano phezu kokuhlukaniswa kwempahla, omunye wabangane abasha bangase bafake isitatimende sesimangalo enkantolo futhi eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa, uma kunesidingo.

Isikhathi sokunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezindlu zangempela: umnikelo

Inkontileka yesipho nayo ingavumelekile enkantolo. Isikhathi sokunciphisa singu-3 iminyaka, kodwa sibalwa kusukela ngesikhathi isivumelwano siqala ukusebenza. Uma isimangalo sifakwe ngumuntu wesithathu, isikhathi sibalwa kusukela ngesikhathi esifundwe ngesipho. Ngokomthetho we-181 womthetho womphakathi, lesi sikhathi akufanele sibe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Isipho sizobikwa singavumelekile uma ummangalelwa enikeza ubufakazi. Isipho sidinga ukubuyiselwa ngendlela okwakuyiyo ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kwalokho umsolwa uhlawula inani eligcwele.

Ifa

Ngokuvamile emthethweni wenkantolo kukhona izingxabano eziphathelene nefa elihlobene nefa. Isikhathi sesimiso sokulinganiselwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo asikwenziwe ngokomthetho, ngakho-ke isicelo senkantolo singathunyelwa eminyakeni embalwa. Lokhu kusebenza ezimweni lapho indlalifa empeleni ingumnikazi wayo, kodwa akanalo impahla efanele. Futhi ekuphikisana ngokuphathelene nokuhlukaniswa kwefa, lapho kunomncintiswano wezifiso, iminyaka engu-3 yokufaka isicelo sokufaka isicelo isungulwe yi-Article 196 ye-Civil Code.

Uma wenza ukuthengiselana nge-estate, ngokuvamile kuvame ukungavumelani phakathi kwababambe iqhaza kwisivumelwano. Isikhathi sokunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezindlu zangempela yisiqinisekiso samalungelo abahlanganyeli babo abaqotho. Ngokuvamile, ubude bale nkathi yiminyaka engu-3. Ukuthengiselana kungaba kokubili okungabalulekile futhi okuphikisanayo. Kubalulekile ukunaka lokhu ngenkathi kulungiswa isitatimende sesimangalo.