Northern Coefficient emiholweni. okuza Regional nezibonelelo enyakatho

Ngenxa yezimo zezulu nezeminye eziyinkimbinkimbi emsebenzini ensimini yezindawo ezithile ezithile zaseRussia, uhulumeni uthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokusekela abantu abahlala kuwo, ukushaja okuthiwa "ama-coefficients asenyakatho". Kukhona nezinye izinyathelo eziningi, eziningi zazo ezivunyelwe futhi ziqaliswe ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo zendawo nezifunda, kodwa ithuluzi elinjalo yilona ithuluzi eliyinhloko ezingeni likahulumeni ukugcina ukulingana kokuqukethwe kwezakhamizi ezihlala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ama-coefficients amaNordic ayinani elilinganiselwe eliphindaphinda inkokhelo kanye nenani elithile leminye imikhakha yokuthola isakhamuzi ukuze kutholakale imali edingekile yokuhlala ngokunethezeka endaweni enhle.

Izici zomthetho

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje, imigomo yokusetshenziswa kwalolu thuluzi ibonakala kuma-ABM ahlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mkhakha uhleli lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ama-coefficients asenyakatho, kungenzeka ukuthi uguqule amazinga abo ezakhiweni zamandla ngamanye, futhi inani eliphakeme kakhulu lingasetshenziswa. Izindawo ezihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwalolu thuluzi zichazwe eMthethweni We-Ministry of Labor no-49 okhishwe ngo-11.09.1995. Ezinye imithetho zilawula nokuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-coefficients asezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Far North kanye nezinye izindawo ezinesimo esifanayo.

Ukukhokha yi-factor kuthinta inani lemali engenayo efunyenwe. Okokuqala kuqondene nomholo, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho kusetshenziselwa lapho kubalwa izinkokhelo zomphakathi eziphoqelekile. Kubasebenzi bezinhlangano zempi ezikhonza ezindaweni ezinjalo, ama-coefficients angasenyakatho nabezifunda asetshenziselwa isabelo semali abayitholayo. Okunye okumele kuqaphele ukuthi i-military isetshenziswe ngokwengeziwe ngamanani amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa nemigomo yabezizwe enikezwa yona ngenhloso ye-coefficient - banelungelo lokusebenzisa ukwanda kwenkokhelo yenkonzo ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ehlane, kanye nokugcina Izimfihlo zempi.

Ama- coefficients angasenyakatho nesifunda anikezwa lezo zakhamuzi ezihlala phakade noma zisebenza ensimini enezimo ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonelelo zinikezwa abahola impesheni ngesikhathi sokunikeza izimpesheni kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yobufakazi, okuyi-15 okumele kwenziwe ku-Far North.

Izindawo

Ama-coefficients esifundeni kanye ne-surcharges esenyakatho, okokuqala, kuncike ensimini ethile. Yingakho ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia ukwanda okunjalo kwakukhona izindinganiso ezahlukahlukene ngo-2016, kusukela ku-1.15 kwabakhileyo eKarelia kuya ku-2.0 kulabo abasesigqumeni nasezindaweni ezisogwini ze-Arctic Ocean, eSakhalin noma ezindaweni zokumbiwa kwamadayimani ensimini Republic of Sakha. Ukwenza ama-coefficients wesifunda kanye nama-surcharges asenyakatho aqondakala futhi azwakalayo, uhlu olukhethekile olusungulwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje lisetshenzisiwe.

Ngokwejwayelekile, inkokhelo eyengeziwe inikezwa kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• Isifunda sase-Far East.
• Izindawo zaseNyakatho Ede futhi lezozindawo ezilingana nazo.
• Insimu yaseSiberia yaseMpumalanga.

Uhla lwa

Ekuqaleni, uMthetho No. 4520-1, owaqala ngoFebhuwari 19, 1993, wanikezwa, ngokusho ukuthi yiyiphi isilinganiso se-coefficient esifundazweni nasenyakatho. 2014 ibhalwe njengosuku lokugcina lwamagama alo mthetho.

Okulandelayo, sizocubungula ukukala kwazo zonke izindawo okubhekwa ngazo izindleko ezinjalo, kusukela ekuhambeni okukhulu nokuhlala nokuhle kakhulu.

• I-2,0 - le coefficient esenyakatho eya kumholo incike kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza eziqhingini ezise-Arctic Ocean nasezilwandle zawo (okuwukuphela kwalokhu okuyisiqhingi saseDixon, kanye neziqhingi zoLwandle Olwandle). Ihlanganisa futhi: iRiphabhulikhi yaseSakha, ehlanganisa kakade eyakhiwe futhi yakha kuphela amabhizinisi asebenza embonini yezimayini yedayimani. North Kuril, South Kuril naseKuril izindawo, kanye neziQhingi zase-Kurile. Insimu yonke ye-Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
• 1.8 - isabelo sinikezwa izakhamuzi zedolobha laseNorilsk nazo zonke izindawo ezihambisane nokuphathwa kwayo. Futhi, i-premium ihlobene nomuzi waseMurmansk-140.
• I-1.7 - i-coefficient esenyakatho eya emiholo yesifunda saseLensk, idolobha laseMirny nayo yonke indawo yokuhlala, ngaphansi kolawulo lwayo futhi elisezweni laseRiphabhliki yaseSakha. Futhi, isabelo sitholwa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni aseTananny, okuhlala esifundeni saseMurmansk.
• 1.6 - isabelo esinikezwe izakhamuzi zedolobha laseVorkuta kanye nazo zonke izindawo ezingaphansi kokuphathwa kwayo. Kuhloswe futhi ukuthi kunezifunda eziningi zeRiphabhulikhi yaseSakha, okuyi: Anabar, Olenek, Allaikhiv, Abyisk, Bulun, Verkhoyansky, Zhigansky, Myrninsky nabanye. I-coefficient esenyakatho e-Krasnoyarsk ne-Krasnoyarsk Territory inikezwe isifunda saseTurukhansk, idolobha lase-Igarka nezindawo ezizungezile, kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho ye-Arctic Circle. Yonke insimu yeNdawo yaseKamchatka, i-Koryak Autonomous Okrug kanye ne-Okhotsk District yeKhabarovsk Territory nayo ihlinzeka ngalokhu kwanda.
• I-1.5 - inikezwa idolobha lase-Inta nazo zonke izindawo ezihlala ngaphansi kolawulo lwayo ensimini yeRiphabhliki yaseKomi. Kukhona nezinye izindawo okumele zihlinzekwe ngazo: "KhMAO (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area); Idolobha laseKangalassy (Yakutia); Todzhinskiy, Mongun-Taiginsky naseKyzylsky izifunda zaseRiphabhlikhi yaseTyva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke insimu yeSifunda se-Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.
• 1.4 - ukubalwa kwesilinganiso sendawo nesenyakatho kunikezwe yonke indawo yeRiphablikki yaseSakha, idolobha laseKem kanye nemizana ejikelezile, yonke indawo yeRiphabhlikhi yaseTuva kanye nezindawo eziningi ezihlukene.
• 1.3 - i-coefficient ejulile kakhulu, enikezwa izifunda kanye nezifunda eziningi: IsiFunda sase-Evenk Autonomous, Republics of Karelia, Buryatia, Komi; I-Krasnoyarsk Territory; Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Tomsk nezinye izindawo.
• 1,2 - ukubalwa komlinganiso osenyakatho kule mali kuhloswe ngamadolobha ngamanye amaRiphabhuliki aseBuryatia naseKomi, kanye nePrmorsor Krai, iKhabarovsk Territory kanye nendawo yonke yoMfunda we-Arkhangelsk.
• 1.15 - coefficient ekhethekile ehlinzekwa yonke insimu yeRiphabhliki yaseKarelia.

Isayizi sinqunywe kanjani?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yikuphi ukulingana okungasenyakatho noma isibonelelo sinikezwa izakhamuzi zendawo ethile, kunezici eziningana ezisetshenziselwa ukuthi zingathinta amandla okusebenza kanye nomsebenzi obalulekile womuntu wonke, okungukuthi:

• Ukufinyelela kwezokuthutha;
• Izici ezicacile zesimo sezulu sendawo;
• Izici ezikhethekile zemvelo.

Ukuthola isabelo esifundeni sakho, ungabona umbhalo wezincwadi ezifanele, njengoba zibonisa hhayi kuphela uhlu lwezindawo, kodwa futhi nezifunda zawo, okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthengwa kwe-coefficient esenyakatho yanamuhla kwenziwa ngokuvumelana noMthetho kaHulumeni No. 1237, okhishwe ngo-30.12.2011. Izifunda ezithile ezinkulu kakhulu, njengeKrasnoyarsk Territory nezinye, ngenxa yobude obude kakhulu nendawo, zinikeza izimo ezihlukene ezindaweni ezithile Izengezo zabo.

Ngabe yiziphi izinkokhelo okungase kusetshenziswe inkokhelo engaphezulu?

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zengeniso ezihambisana nama-coefficients asenyakatho nama-premium:

• Imali engenayo yangempela yesakhamuzi, ehlanganisa inkokhelo ngqo, izinga lomholo , kanye nemali eyisisekelo kanye neyomthetho. Yingakho, uma inkontileka yomsebenzi icacisa ukubhuka ukuthi inhloso ye-coefficient isetshenziswa kuphela kwingxenye ekhokhelwayo, lokhu kubonisa ukwephulwa ngokuqondile kwamalungelo abasebenzi, okumele kubuyiselwe enkantolo.
• Zonke izinhlobo zezindleko ezinkulu, kuhlanganise nalabo abelwe umuntu ngomsebenzi omude.
• SMIC.
• Ukukhokhwa kwemali okuvelele emsebenzini wokusebenza ezimweni eziyingozi noma eziyingozi kakhulu. Okunye okufakiwe lapha yi-accrual yokukhokhwa okunye okusebenza emsebenzini ebusuku.
• Izinkokhelo ezengeziwe, ezithathwa ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yamanani noma ezinikezwe noma yiziphi izimpumelelo ezikhethekile zomsebenzi.
• Amiklomelo anikezwe ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yonyaka wokukhiqiza.
• Izinkokhelo ezikhokhelwa ngekhefu lokugula.
• Ukukhokhwa komsebenzi wonyaka noma wesikhashana, kanye nesikhathi sesikhathi noma ingxenye yesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukunakwa okuhlukile kumele kukhokhwe empesheni, ngoba lapha isimo sibalulekile. Ukugcinwa kwempesheni ngokwemigomo kuqala kuhlanganisa coefficient esetshenzisiwe, kanti ilungelo lokuthola izinkokhelo ezengeziwe ligcinwa kuphela uma umuntu eqhubeka ehlala ensimini ebekwe kuyo ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Endabeni yokuthutha indawo, ukulahlekelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwelungelo lokukhokha coefficient esenyakatho kunganikezwa.

Iyini inhlawulo yokukhokhelwa?

I-coefficient iyathinta inani lemali ekhokhelwe, ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwayo okulinganiselwe, kanye nomnyango wezokugcinwa kwemali ukuthunyelwa kwayo kuqhutshwa ngesimo samaphesenti engeziwe ekukhokhweni okujwayelekile. Kodwa kunohlu oluthile lwemali etholakalayo engxenyeni esenyakatho ekhanseliwe noma ekhanseliwe:

• Izindleko zokuhamba. Kulokhu, isisebenzi asihlanganyeli ekusebenzeni kwakhe emsebenzini ngokushesha endaweni enhle.
• Ukuphumula. Kukhona ukungqubuzana okuningi ngokuthi ngabe isilinganiso sendawo singakhokhiswa ekukhokhweni kweholidini, kodwa empeleni inkokhelo enjalo ibalwa ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso sokwenyuka kwesisekelo, ngakho-ke asikho izimali.
• Ukukhokhwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye namanye amabhonasi owodwa. I-coefficient ingasetshenziswa kuphela ekukhokhweni okuhlala njalo.
• Ezinye izinkokhelo zemisebenzi yomsebenzi eyenziwa ensimini ye- Far North kanye nezindawo ezifana nesimo sayo. Ngakho-ke, i-coefficient yesifunda kanye ne-surcharges esenyakatho inomgomo owodwa, kodwa ayixhunyiwe yedwa.

Izindleko eziseNyakatho

Abantu abenza umsebenzi wabo esimweni sezulu esibucayi eNorth West noma abafana nesimo banelungelo lokuthola izindleko eziphezulu ezisenyakatho. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi lo mqondo awusiwo osemthethweni, futhi kuphela ukucacisa ukwanda kokwenza okuhlangenwe nakho ngezimo ezithile. Inhloso eyinhloko yale nkokhelo ukubuyisela izindleko ezibonakalayo eziphezulu zokuhlinzeka ngokuphila okunethezeka.

Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yanamuhla akukho mthethonqubo wezinkinga ezifanayo zokusebenzisa izibonelelo, futhi zonke izimiso eziyisisekelo zenziwa ngisho nangezikhathi ze-USSR. Ukukhulunywa okuphawulekayo kuphela kungakhulunywa ngaphandle kokuthi i-Article 317 ye-TC, ethi ukuzimisela ubukhulu nenhloso yokukhokha kulawulwa ngokuphelele ngokufaniswa ne-coefficient yesifunda.

Ilungelo lokuthola isabelo esenyakatho kunikezwa abasebenzi bezinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yabo ezindaweni ezithile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye zazo ukutholakala kwemali kunikezwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, futhi ikakhulukazi lezi zifunda zibhekene nokuba khona kwezigaba ezinezimo ezihluke kakhulu.

Ngingazibala kanjani?

Ubukhulu besikhokhelo kuyafana kuzo zonke izindawo futhi ngu-10% emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqashwa. Ngemuva kwaloko, uhlelo olubizwa nge-incentive system luqala ukusebenza, futhi zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha zomsebenzi lokhu kwanda kwanda ngamanye ama-10% kuze kube yilapho kufikela okungenani 80% noma 100% kuye ngokuthi indawo ethile.

Emasimini ngezici zazo afaniswa nezifunda ze-Far North, izinga elingama-10% lingafakwa kuphela emva konyaka wokusebenza komsebenzi, bese landa kuphela ngonyaka, likhula lifike ku-30% noma ku-50% ngokuya ngesifunda esithile.

Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukwandisa inani eliphakeme lemali engaphezulu, kodwa lokhu kufanele kusetshenziswe kakade imali yezindawo ezithile.

Izithasiselo zentsha

Izimo ezikhethekile zokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo ezisenyakatho zinikezwa ochwepheshe abasha. Kuze kube ngu-2005, kwakunezinhlinzeko ngokusho ukuthi abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka engaphansi kwengu-30 bangathola yini inani elikhulu lokukhokhwa ngokushesha emva kokuqashwa, kodwa kamuva le nqubo ikhanseliwe, kwashiya kuphela labo bantu ngaphambi kuka-2005 ababevele behlala eNyakatho ngaphezulu Iminyaka emihlanu. Inhloso eyinhloko yalesi silinganiso kwakuwukuvimbela ukuphuma okukhulu ngokweqile kwezintsha ezincane ezisuka enyakatho.

Izinzuzo zabantu abasha

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ongoti abasha banamagama athile okukhetha ukuthola amaphrimiyamu asenyakatho, okungukuthi:

• Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zomsebenzi, basheshe bahlawuliswe ama-20% engeziwe.
• Ngonyaka owodwa olandelayo olandelayo, ochwepheshe abawusebenza eNyakatho, isabelo sakhe sanda ngamanye ama-20%, kufinyelele ku-60%.
• Ngonyaka osebenzayo ngokugcwele ezimweni ezifanayo, inkokhelo ikhuphuka ngo-20% kuya phezulu evunyelwe 100%.

Ngamanye amazwi, kwanele ukuba ochwepheshe abasha basebenze iminyaka emithathu nengxenye eNyakatho ukuze bathole 100% yokukhokha okungeziwe. Ezindaweni ezingahlobene ne-Far North, ukukhula kokukhokha kuhlala ezingeni lika-10% njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ekupheleni komkhawulo we-50%.

Uhulumeni uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ukusekela izakhamizi ezisebenzayo emsebenzini wezimo ezibucayi, futhi ukuze zikhuthaze imisebenzi yazo, kanye nokuvimbela ukuphuma okusebenzayo kulezi zindawo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusekela izinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi wonke umuntu ovumelene ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima uyakhuthazwa.

Ingabe lezi zinxephezelo zizokhanselwa?

Ekupheleni kuka-2014, abaningi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi i-coefficient esenyakatho yayizoqedwa. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisigijimi sikaNgqongqoshe Wezabasebenzi ukuthi lezo zinxephezelo ziwumthwalo owengeziwe ku-accounting futhi kufanele zisuswe. Eqinisweni, akulungile ukusho ukuthi ukuqedwa kwe-coefficient esenyakatho kwenzeka, njengoba izinguquko ezincane kuphela kwi-Code Lab Labasebenzi zenzekile. Lezi zinguquko zikhathazeka kakhulu ngabasebenzi bamabhizinisi asezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuqedwa kwe-coefficient esenyakatho akuzange kwenzeke, kuphela imithetho ethile yokufakwa kwayo eyashintsha.

Futhi uzinake ukuthi ezintsha zisebenza kuphela kulabo abasebenzi abasebenze kwezebhizinisi, kanye abantu abanale IP. It is kuhlobane ngokuqondile yokuthi lo mthetho, mayelana nokuthi zinengi, kwaba ukususa isici enyakatho asisebenzi ejenti kahulumeni.