Isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi (Kostroma): incazelo, ikheli

Isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi - ekwakheni nge phetho emangalisayo. Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukwakha lesikhumbuzo ukuthi ayezokhazimulisa lwamakhosi elibusayo, ukufanekisa izenzakalo eziphawulekayo kunazo ezenzeka emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian. Kodwa amacebo inguquko engenela, ngenxa okuyinto lesikhumbuzo isibe kungabi yilokho yayihloselwe. Yini mayelana isakhiwo laziwe?

indaba

Isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi - umbono ukuthi kwavela 1903. It ahlinzekwa onkamisa Kostroma Duma ababefuna ukwethembeka lwamakhosi elibusayo. Itshe lesikhumbuzo bekumele ukumboza zonke izenzakalo ezibalulekile ngokomlando nakubantu ezenzeka phakathi neminyaka engu-300 we Romanov lwamakhosi.

A esiningi uthethe kukhethwa indawo ngoba lesikhumbuzo, ukuze usingathe lolu daba ngisho wasungula ikomidi eliyisipesheli ukuthi abaculi, ezazihlanganisa enjalo owaziwa ngesikhathi umuntu njengoba Benoit Opekushin, Beklemishev. Ngemva ende, kwanqunywa ukuba uhlale khona, esisogwini noMfula iVolga, lapho kwake yathola Kremlin. Abahlanganyeli ikhomishana iyindawo bakhangwa ngenxa yokuthi yonke iVolga kwaba okuphelele.

Isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi Kwakuhlelwe njengoba isakhiwo okunethezeka. Akumangazi ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa wathatha ukukhulisa imali ukwakhiwa yayo.

Le phrojekthi lesikhumbuzo: Umncintiswano

Yiqiniso, isikhala search for ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo - akuyona inkinga kuphela kwadingeka anqume ikhomishana. Ukuze uqale ukwakha lezizidingo ukuklanywa we lesikhumbuzo, ukuthola ukuthi umncintiswano lahlelwa. Ekuqaleni, uKhomishane wadonsela ukunakekela umqophi Adamson phrojekthi. Kodwa umqondo wokuthi Adamson kwakusho izindleko eziphawulekayo kakhulu.

Ngemva lula iphrojekthi, okwaholela ukwehla enanini layo, ke sivunyiwe, kwaba kuphela ngo-1912. Indima umakhi esiwaphathisiwe Sergei Vlaseva eyaziwa ngokuthi umdali setshe, Obelisk, etholakala kwi-Alexander Garden. Umsebenzi waqala nge umkhiqizo isinyathelo, kanye ukudalwa izibalo ngabanye.

Yena iqhaza ekwakhiweni lesikhumbuzo futhi umqophi Adamson, ngubani waphathiswa ukuthatha imisebenzi yobuciko kanye sculptural. Lubhekele nokwakha unjiniyela Bolshakov, ekubunjweni izibalo lethusi wathatha inkampani "K. V Verfel."

isibekisombhalo

Yiqiniso, isikhumbuzo weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi ayikwazanga uzolunga ngesikhathi we umgubho wokukhumbula okuthile, umsebenzi wabhekana kukhathaza futhi eside isikhathi. Nokho, emcimbini, aphethwe ekupheleni May 1913, kwaba ithebhu ozinikele.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho ithebhu wayekhona uMbusi uNicholas II, nomkakhe nezingane bamenyiwe. Lo mkhosi owawusenkundleni ethile esimweni zemikhosi, a idunyiswe grand kwakuhlelwa amabutho endawo. Phela, ziphawuleka iminyaka engu-760th of Kostroma, ngakho leli holidi Ubuyisé double ngoMeyi 1913.

Ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo

Abadali of the izinhlelo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala engenela, kakhulu ukubambezela yonke inqubo ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1916 yaqedwa umsebenzi isinyathelo. Futhi emzini alethwe izibalo zethusi 20 (yephrojekthi kuhilela ukufakwa 28).

Kusukela Abadali izindawo kakade efakwe kwawenza izingcezu ezimbili. I ukubaza asele babelinde in amaphiko emabhokisini lapha bekene kulowo muzi.

emva kwempi

Kostroma, njengazo zonke ezinye imizi eRussia likhungethwe umlilo inguquko. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo ukudalwa lesikhumbuzo, yebo, sinqamukile, umqophi Adamson kwesobunxele ukuze izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngaphezu konyaka ukwakhiwa sisesimweni benza, sizungezwe yezinsiza.

Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1918, lesikhumbuzo uye yabakhanga yekomiti. Kwanqunywa ukuya ukuguqulwa izindawo, okuyinto engazange yenzeke, yaqedwa ukwakhiwa. It ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuba ibe lesikhumbuzo Wenkululeko, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo okuzokwenziwa kuphelelwe kuya weminyaka le-October Revolution.

Nokho, lesikhumbuzo wema esimweni ishiywe eminyakeni embalwa njengoba ukufeza imicimbi ehlelelwe kuyinto ngokuphuthumayo esifushane izimali. Eziqoshwe alethwe edolobheni, iningi labo lahlala amabhokisi efakwe eduze isinyathelo. Ezinye zazo ziphuthunyiswe endlini epaki, kanye okungewakho umbusi.

UVladimir Lenin Isikhumbuzo

Isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi e Kostroma ayizange yakhiwe. On lesikhumbuzo futhi wakhumbula kuphela ngo-1924, kwathi ngemva yokuvalelisa umholi oshonile. Kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula ukwakhiwa ophelele isinyathelo, zigqugquzela inkumbulo uVladimir Lenin.

Ukuqopha, ngaso sonke isikhathi kuthiwa ebhokisini, kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha ncibilika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ziphuthunyiswe ifektri, "Metalworkers" esebenza edolobheni. Esifanekisweni ukhonkolo esibonisa umholi, lamiswao esisekelweni ngoMeyi 1928. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phezu Lenin sibalo umqophi wasebenza ezifana Schwartz, Lebedev, Ivanov.

Ukubhujiswa kokugcina esifanekisweni senzeka ngo-1981, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo lesikhumbuzo eziqinile wazenza ngethusi. Lapho edala sibalo Lenin isebenzisa isithombe yendabuko umholi. Esifanekisweni okubonisa Vladimira Ilicha kokusho inkulumo ze, ngokusiza yena akhombisa ngekunyakatisa umtimba lisebenza.

Incazelo lesikhumbuzo

Ukube kwakungengenxa kwenzeka kokugumbuqelwa Romanov lwamakhosi, Kostroma uke wathola ukwakhiwa sokuphana ngento enkulu ngempela. Le phrojekthi kwaba ukuthi yesonto le isinyathelo, the isinyathelo emise, ukuphakama kwakuyilona amamitha 36. Kwakuhlelwe njengoba tiered ekupheleni hipped, umqhele okuyinto kwakufanele abe ukhozi omangalisayo kabili ephethwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudalwa nalehleliwe Amashalofu okubeka, izinyathelo, nokuba ukuma annular. Labo okwakulindeleke ukuba ngikhonze njengephayona indawo izibalo portrait. Izibalo kuvezwa abangewona amalungu kuphela lwamakhosi elibusayo, kodwa futhi nabantu abavelele, ababaziwa ngezenzo ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sabo.

Uhlu izibalo

Uhlu nezibalo lesikhumbuzo lalinabashumayeli amayunithi 28. Wabo ngqo Abadali isinyathelo okuhloswe ukuze kuhlaliswe 18. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona ekumeni lezinombolo wabasunguli zeNdlu Romanov. Lokhu luyinkosi yokuqala Mikhail Fedorovich, abazali bakhe, uMarta Filaret. Phansi yafakwa ababhubhayo Ivan Susanin, uthola isibusiso esivela izibalo engokomfanekiso emelela uMbuso Russian.

Peter wayechazwa ngokumelene ingemuva lomkhumbi okwakufanele uphathe izintambo agudlisela emisebenzini umnikelo wenkosi ukuthuthukiswa Navy Russian. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe u-Alexander II wawusegunjini Manifesto yakhe edumile, ukuhlinzeka inkululeko ukuze abalimi. Tsar uNicholas II futhi indodana yakhe, u-Alex saboniswa waziphonsa phezu ibalazwe isimo. Futhi isibalo samanje Minin futhi Pozharsky, lezi abantu abadumile zafakwa emaceleni.

Six imifanekiso nenhle esibonisa izibikezelo abadumile ashiwo indlu ka Romanov wabona kusengaphambili ukwanda yakhe uMfundisi Gennady, kwakuhlelwe ukuba adale Ezansi isakhiwo. Kukhona futhi kwadingeka ukuba ngokuvumelana okusalungiswa yesehlakalo umbukwane, echaza nokubiza Mikhail Romanov, izimpi oludumile (Borodino kanye Battle of Poltava, Sevastopol Defense).

Eminye imithombo athi le mifanekiso kwadingeka ukuba 26. Nokho, njengoba kusikisela luhlaka lwekucala, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ishintshile.

Indawo

Ngakho, lapho kwakufanele abe isikhumbuzo behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi? Ikheli: Kostroma, Central Park.