Iminyaka wokubusa uThutmose. Conquest of uThutmose

Umlando waseGibhithe lasendulo uyazi amakhosi amane okuthiwa uThutmose, zozela zonke, uyilungu lelinye 18 amakhosi futhi abusa ngemva kwenye. Kodwa uphawu eziphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni kwesokunxele Yiqiniso, III. Egypt wasukuma ukuze engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme eminyakeni yakhe kahulumeni. UThutmose futhi uHammurabi (Inkosi yaseBhabhiloni) ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa, ukudweba ukufana phakathi imikhankaso yabo ezempi kanye nomgomo wezangaphandle nolaka. Bobabili ezinwetshiwe imingcele isimo sakhe, kuze kube phakade inscribing amagama abo umlando Yezwe Lasendulo.

uThutmose mina

Phakathi nokubusa uThutmose mina - 1504-1492, i- BC. Ithi ngemvelaphi yayo kunzima, ososayensi baye basikisela nokuthi wayengumuntu kwaba umyeni udadewabo u-Amenhotep mina, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi indodana uFaro Ahmose mina (umsunguli lwamakhosi 18th). phakathi nokubusa uThutmose mina - lena ekuqaleni ukunqoba, okuyinto ezinwetshiwe imingcele eGibhithe lasendulo. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe eNubia kwakukhona zabhikisha. Inkosi yakhuluma ayehileleke ukucindezelwa lwawo, ngokwemindeni zemihla lasendulo, ihlatshwa umxhwele umkhonto wakhe umholi lwabantu abavukelayo. ENubia wakhungatheka ngokuphelele futhi yonke izizwe ngaphansi kobugqila. ukunqoba kwakhe South iyiswe Cataract wesithathu iNayile, futhi enyakatho - Ewufrathe. kuphangwa Olunqobayo kwathuthukisa igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini ngezithukuthuku zebiwe komhlaba nentela zikhokhelwe abantu benqoba. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekutheni kube ukwakhiwa asebenzayo amathempeli. UThutmose Ngangiyingane faro lokuqala abashiya tombstones omangalisayo futhi ayethanda ukwehlukanisa ethuneni esethempelini emngcwabeni wakhe. Shrine lakhiwa umoya ekusithekeni uhlangothi, eliqoshwe edwaleni. Ngo-1881 kwatholakala lo mummy kaFaro.

inzalo eqondile uThutmose ngafa isakhasa (amadodana amabili nendodakazi), kwakunebandla elilodwa nje kuphela doch Hatshepsut. imishado umndeni Vala zaziziningi, futhi wamnika umshado wakhe half-brother (uyise) uThutmose II, indodana ka "cha 'unkosikazi main. WayeyiZwi uFaro esilandelayo.

uThutmose II

kwenkosi yaseGibithe akuyona uwumqemane, ngakho phakathi nokubusa uFaro Tuthmosis II iDemo. Ezinye somlando omdala waseGibhithe lasendulo bakholelwa ukuthi wayengumuntu sobukhosi iminyaka emine kuphela. Nokho, lokhu kungamampunge nje kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho usuku wokubusa uThutmose II, ngokuvamile lisho eseduze 1492 BC po1489 Unyaka wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe kwaphawulwa baqedwe ngonya yokuhlubuka eNubia, lapho isizwe abulala wonke amadoda lapho ayengathola khona. UThutmose II aye wasigcina zonke izindawo unqotshwe uyise. Of Hatshepsut, wayenamadodakazi amabili, kodwa indodana kwaba isancinza, kodwa kwathi lapho umuntu edlula esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva kokufa uFaro.

Queen Hatshepsut

Female faro, omunye umbusi edume kakhulu eGibhithe. isimo sakhe esiphakeme, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi, kungawufinyelela ngesikhathi lapho imithetho uThutmose mina, okungukuthi, noyise, futhi-ke, mhlawumbe, kwaba co-umbusi yomyeni wakhe. Lokhu kamuva wakuvumela ukuba nisuse sobukhosi kusukela faro abasha. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, wamiswa ibamba konyaka-12 III, kanye-ke unyaka nokubhala nengxenye futhi ngokuthula owaketulwa kuye. Waba yisaga kwasekuqaleni i ukwakhiwa asebenzayo, umxhasi isiko kanye nesayensi, elijwayele lokhu futhi endodaneni yakhe yokutholwa III. Egypt uma yaqhakaza kwezomnotho, kodwa Wacishe ifa Palestine neSiriya. Nakuba, ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, wahlanganyela mathupha emikhankasweni eziningana lempi, ngokuvamile, inqubomgomo angaphandle kule minyaka engamashumi amabili ubelokhu elinokuthula. Indlovukazi abuse cishe 22 ubudala. Ngokusho idatha yakamuva etholwe ngemva kokutadisha mummy wakhe, washona eneminyaka engu-engu-50 kusukela isifo (nomdlavuza wesibindi, ithambo izimila kanye nesifo sikashukela). Lapho ukuphila ngokwayo esakhiwe ethempelini omngcwabo, it is ezibaziweyo edwaleni, futhi Kugcizelela ne usayizi kanye yomhlobiso wawo namuhla.

III

Lesilinganisiwe phakathi nokubusa III - 1479-1425 BC Kodwa eqinisweni, yena ethathe ubukhosi ngemva kokufa nosingamama wakhe, Hatshepsut. Into yokuqala ayenza - iyala ukuba kubulawe bonke kuso, susa igama ezindongeni, abhubhise esifanekisweni. Yayiyini Izizathu zalokhu, kunzima ukusho njengamanje, mhlawumbe siqu, izazi-mlando ucabange ukuthi lokhu kwakwenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya izikhulu enkantolo. wokubusa Iminyaka kaFaro Tuthmosis III kwaphawula ushintsho Yebo kwenqubomgomo obunokuthula ngenkuthalo nolaka angaphandle. Eminyakeni lapho III imithetho, Egypt isibe omunye elikhulu isimo lasendulo.

Uma sikhuluma ekumeni wombusi omkhulu, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu wakhe awuhlangene ngalutho nge ukubukeka langempela. Ngokwalolu cwaningo ochwepheshe mummy ngokuthi akuyona ubude kakhulu, kodwa lesi sibalo wayeqinisile, eqinile.

imikhankaso Military Thutmoses III

UFaro ezahlukene asebenzayo Inqubomgomo lempi, kodwa enhle kakhulu nabadumile imikhankaso ezilandelayo:

1. uhambo Okokuqala oya eSiriya. Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu kwaba ukuvukela izizwe Asian. Nokho, isizathu liyafana namakhulu eminyaka amaningi adlule - uhulumeni okudingeka izigqila, imithombo, bese uvula indlela namanye amazwe. Hike eSiriya kakhulu kwaqinisa isikhundla uhulumeni waseGibhithe ngo eMpumalanga Eseduze.
2. Emkhankasweni wempi engu-29 wokubusa kaFaro. Kwakuwusuku umkhankaso yesihlanu wezempi e-Asia Minor. Ngenxa yalokho kwabaseGibhithe phezu ogwini lwaseFenike yena lathunjwa endaweni enkulu wezolimo Jahi, owaba iphuzu eqinile.
3. imikhankaso yesithupha neyesikhombisa ngoba wokubusa Tuthmosis III kwaba kolwandle. Ihamba lihambe Mediterranean lawela okokuqala e Zemar (indawo Syria yesimanje). Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukwenza iKedeshe inqaba - omunye ungenakunqotshwa kakhulu, lokuvimbezela yayo yathatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa imiphumela enganikanga. AbaseGibithe baphanga endaweni futhi bexoshwa ogwini. Ukubuyela okwesibili, impi kaFaro ephume sahlala komuzi waseFenike Ullaza.
4. ukushaywa lesishiyagalombili evunyiwe ukubusa waseGibhithe bonke wakwa-Aram, Palestine, Finnick. Izazi-mlando zithi lo isikhathi, eyaphumela ukunqoba lempi III.
5. Ngaphezu kwalokho nokuhamba (9, 10, 13, imizuzu 14) athathwa eneminyaka engu 34-39 ebhodi Thutmoses III. Sebayeka ayeyizidalwa imvelo nonya, kodwa kunalokho abangu okuhloswe ngaso ugcina izindawo kakade ayenqotshiwe, okuyinto manje bese kuba nokuvukela.
6. Kugcine uhambo oluya e-Asia. Ngokusho injongo kwaba ngaphezulu uhambo ingajezisa ezoqeda Syria abangalawuleki, edolobheni elifanayo kweKadeshi Tunip wema ngasemnyango inhloko kuvukela. Bobabili nezinqaba ezathathwa abaseGibhithe, ngubani inflicted buhlungu kwasani isikhathi eside eqinisa isikhundla kuhulumeni wakhe eSiriya eFenike.

Zonke yanqoba phakathi nokubusa III izindawo aguquliwe ku sifundazwe Egypt nabaphathi bendawo ukuba ababusi balo. abantu eziningi kuvezwa inkokhiso njengoba kuwuphawu lwenhlonipho nokuzwelana nezinqubomgomo yakhe. Conquest of III waseGibhithe yaphenduka, amandla onamandla kakhulu eqinile. Akekho oFaro okwalandela yehlulekile imingcele ukwandisa kwalokho. kwakwenziwa naye.

Inqubomgomo ngaphakathi isimo ezikhathini Tuthmosis III

Siyaqhubeka ezokwakha, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-Queen Hatshepsut, kuhlanganise nokuba ayakhiwe naseKarnak ethempelini ka-Amun-Re nge Obelisk. Ngokusho kobufakazi, lapho esendleleni izindonga nokuhlobisa amathempeli emathuneni Pharaoh was indoda ngempela isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, axhasa ezobuciko ngokwezimali. Ngaphezu ikhono esivelele kumlawuli, wayenobuhlobo izitsha ocabangayo ngisho eyenziwe zodaka, abazisekelo zabo maphrojekthi kwadlula netingcweti temsebenti. On oda likaFaro eGibhithe amazwe izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo kwezilwane. Lapho-ke unomphela ibutho professional, wakha imikhumbi (ikakhulukazi umsedari yaletha esuka Libya) kwamiswa. III kwaholela Egypt '53. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nezamasiko isimo kwaphawulwa iminyaka yakhe kahulumeni. UHammurabi futhi uThutmose ahlukaniswe eminyakeni isikhathi ambalwa, kodwa ukufana okumangalisayo phakathi kwabo, kokubili ababusi bengabakhulekeli hhayi kuphela abaholi omkhulu, kodwa futhi osopolitiki nokubhala. Nge igama uHammurabi yaseBhabhiloni lihlotshaniswa kokuphakama, ukudala isimo komthetho, futhi III waseGibhithe yaphenduka umbuso eziqine, abahola yena kufanele isihloko "Napoleon Yezwe Lasendulo", kodwa hhayi ungumjezisi, uFaro yabonisa umusa izizwe ayenqotshiwe, hhayi benze ekuhlatshweni obungenangqondo kohlanga.

Art XVIII lwamakhosi

Egypt ngalesi sikhathi uthathé ehola isikhundla ngamazwe, ifinyelele amandla olukhulu ezimisweni, kukhuphuke fluffiness imvelo, izingubo nezinto zokuhloba yezikhulu. A indima yokuhola ubuciko sikhathi ukudlala eThebes - inhloko-dolobha isimo ngaleso sikhathi. Emathempelini enziwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, omkhulukazi futhi onesizotha, futhi umngcwabo is ngokwesiko ehlukanisiwe emathuneni, okuyinto kwakuqoshwe ukuvimbela kuphangwa e ezihosheni akude. umsebenzi ophawulekayo bokwakha wasendulo Nethempeli Queen Hatshepsut.

umculo basendulo baseGibithe

Ziningi bas-imifanekiso esibonisa nabahlabeleli instrumentalists ukukhuluma ngokubaluleka umculo empilweni kwabaseGibhithe. Kwezwakala ekhaya, lokuhambisana zabasebenzi izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, ukugujwa mass, ukushaya udwendwe ngokwesiko. Ezinsukwini lwamakhosi XVIII esase sikhona kakade esigodlweni yesonto. The main zomculo: namahabhu, imitshingo namahabhu, imiqangala, izigubhu kanye SISTROM (ratchet metal). Esikhathini Inkathi XVIII lwamakhosi esigodlweni umculo kanye nokuthuthukisa wezempi, kukhona amaviyo kuqala nge izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo futhi amapayipi.

uThutmose IV

UFaro obusa mayelana 1397-1388 BC, futhi kunzima kakhulu esifushane. Ngokwe ucwaningo mummy, wafa esemncane. Ngesikhathi sakhe sobukhosi akufanele kumakwe ngu lemisebenzi emikhulu. UThutmose IV umkhankaso eziningana empini kodwa inkazimulo amandulela ayizange iphinde.

Wabonisa isithakazelo isakhiwo ezakhiwo ezazingaphambi kwayo usule Sphinx kusukela Sands, kuqede ukwakhiwa Obelisk of III.