Isithonjana "The Last Judgment": Inani. Isithonjana lokwaHlulelwa kokugcina: incazelo

Isithonjana lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo Lobu-Orthodox. Lowo mdwebo ibe isichaza lokho okuyokwenzeka ngemva kokuba Ukuza yesibili likaJesu Kristu. Kukholakala ukuthi uma umuntu ngamunye alethwe phambi kwejaji, futhi yilowo nalowo uyakwamukeliswa ibhizinisi lakhe siqu, futhi afanelwe.

Ukubukeka inkinga lekhona endzabeni, izithonjana kuqala

Singathini ngemvelaphi le ndaba UbuKristu? Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala lezi zingoma avele ezindongeni zethempeli namanje e BoMbuso WaseByzantium nesikhathi iconoclastic. Yalotshwa emuva ekhulwini lesine. Izithombe lokuqala akuchaze Emfanekisweni wezintombi eziyishumi, futhi ukuhlukana kwazo wezimvu nezimbuzi (ababi nabalungileyo). Kuphela ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili isithombe WaseByzantium sesakhiwe, kamuva elaba lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Lena yindlela isithonjana lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine.

ERussia, lezi zithombe yayikhona cishe kusukela ekuqaleni ubhapathizo kanye ayenencazelo ekhethekile Orthodox.

Yini eyaba nomthelela ukubukeka ngesakhiwo

Ngezindlela eziningi, indaba isithonjana lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine ubulokhu othathwe iVangeli futhi Apocalypse, kanye nezinye izincwadi lasendulo waseByzantium neRussia, ezifana :. Igama Palladium Mnich, iZwi Efrema Sirina, The Life of uBasil okusha, njll Libuye elikhulu kuye nesAmbulo .

Omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukupenda imifanekiso lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine, kwaba ukwambulwa yomprofethi uDaniyeli. imibono yakhe ngokuvamile zibhekwa abalulekile eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, okuyinto echazwe encwadini ukuhlanya komprofethi. Ezinye Motifs esuka wabe usumthatha ukuba esiqintini isithonjana nokwaHlulelwa Kokugcina, okungukuthi, labo abakhuluma ngokuphela kwezwe futhi ngokuza kukaJesu.

Uzungu zezimpawu lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine eRussia

ERussia, indaba okokuqala ukulotshwa ekhulwini XII ku ezindongeni Kirillov Isigodlo, itholakala e Kiev. Ekupheleni lelo khulu leminyaka, izithombe efanayo uvele Cathedral St George sika, iChurch of Msindisi wethu e Nereditsa futhi Dmitrov Cathedral. Akumangazi, ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi lokhu kwathinta ukwenziwa isithombe Prince uVladimir, owaqala umbhaphathizo Rus. Leli qiniso ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".

isithonjana Early lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine kuvezwa hhayi kuphela enkantolo kodwa futhi yesehlakalo Apocalypse, okuyinto kamuva yahlukaniswa. Izithombe lokuqala ngesakhiwo awazange ibhalwe ngokucacile izikhathi ezindaweni ezithile isithonjana, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, isiprofetho izilwane sikaDaniyeli. Kuphela ngekhulu XVI-XVII, yonke imininingwane kwesiqinti atholwe endaweni yayo.

Incazelo ugobe

kakhulu Ukwakheka isithombe lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine kuba abadlali ocebile kakhulu futhi izenzakalo. Ngokuvamile, isithonjana of "The Last Judgment" okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa okuyinto ngempela ebanzi, siqukethe usomqulu ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo sinendawo yaso.

Ngokuvamile phezulu isithonjana sesithombe likaJesu ibekwe nhlangothi zombili lapho abaphostoli. Bonke abahilelekile wenkantolo. Ingxenye engezansi isithonjana imatasa amacilongo wezingelosi ezithi ngibizele bonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi isithombe kukaJesu esihlalweni sobukhosi (Etimasiya). It owahlulela sobukhosi lapho zingafakwa nesijula induku, isiponji, ivangeli. Lena umniningwane obalulekile e ngalezi zithako, kamuva elaba uhlamvu ezimele.

Ingxenye engezansi isithombe isitshela indaba ukuthi kwenzekani abalungileyo izoni abayobamba Lokwahlulela kaNkulunkulu. Isithonjana lihlukaniswe lapha. Ngakwesokudla Kristu kungenziwa ngibone olungileyo, ngubani lihamba ekubeni iPharadesi, kanye Our Lady, izingelosi iNsimu yase-Edene. On kwesokunxele Kristu ukuboniswa esihogweni, izoni, amadimoni nosathane.

Lezi ingxenye ezimbili ezimisiwe icon esiqintini kungenziwa ahlukaniswe umfula umlilo, noma inyoka. Kugcine ukuboniswa enomzimba writhing yonkana isithonjana, umsila sokususwa esihogweni. inyoka indandatho lwaluvame elabizwa ngebizo yalesi sehlakalo (ubufebe, ukudakwa, njll).

incazelo kwendaba

Isithonjana lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine, ukuchazwa lapho umuntu kungase kubonakale okwesabisayo, has incazelo yalo kwamakholwa. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo waphezulu, isenzo umuntu ngamunye abantu abake baphila emhlabeni izobuyekezwa ngesikhathi nokwaHlulelwa Kokugcina, okuzokwenza abengamela iisus hristos, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi ukuFika kwaKhe kwesibili.

Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala, umuntu uyoba endleleni enqophileko noma esihogweni, noma ezulwini, ngokomsebenzi wakhe. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu yisikhathi esikhethekile kuzo iqhaza ekuvuselelweni kwezwe, umphefumulo ungahlala uxhumana noNkulunkulu noma kuze kube phakade ukuya uSathane. Nokho, lokho okushiwo yinkulumo Ukwakheka akuyona ukusabisa umuntu, kodwa ukuze ecabanga nezenzo zakhe, senze izono. Futhi kanjalo, ungalilahli ithemba nokuphelelwa yithemba, udinga nje ukuba baphenduke futhi uqale ukushintsha.

Isithombe lasendulo lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine, okuyinto ngasinda

Ukuze ezisekhona izithombe eziningi zasendulo ukuthi zigcinwa njengoba uhlu emathempelini. Ngokwesibonelo, e Thessaloniki, lebandleni Panagia Chalkeon izinsuku imidwebo kusukela ngonyaka 1028, iSinayi lisendaweni lezindela eSt Catherine, walondoloza imifanekiso emibili lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine. Futhi eLondon, Victoria Albert Museum, kuyinto ipuleti lwendlovu ne umfanekiso Venice e Basilica of Torcello KaMose olwenziwe ngale indaba ephathwayo.

Kukhona futhi imifanekiso lasendulo futhi eRussia. Ngokwesibonelo, e Moscow ezibiyele Assumption Cathedral kuyinto isithonjana bokuqala 'Ukwahlulelwa kokugcina "(isithombe eboniswe ngezansi). Futhi, kungenziwa lezi imidwebo atholakala kwezinye emathempelini (babo eshiwo ngenhla).

amagama ongcwele lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine

On the Suku Ehlulelo is kakhulu abhalwe imiBhalo, futhi izitatimende yabangcwele. amaningi kakhulu wambambela phambi kwamehlo isithombe, ukubona imiphumela yesono nokunganaki okungokomoya.

St Feofan zatvornik wakhuluma ukulungiselela nikhathalela Second ukuFika kweNkosi, hhayi ucabanga lapho kuyoba. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngempela, kodwa uma - Unknown.

St John ayekholelwa nawukuthi indawo akukho ukuzibuza lapho usuku lokugcina kuzokwenzeka, kodwa kukhona esabekayo sokuhle ukuphela ngokushesha. Lena ukuhlupheka ezahlukene nokubhujiswa, impi nendlala. Abantu kakhulu efanayo ukushintsha, bakhohlwe izimiso zikaNkulunkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi ngizakwandisa izono nokubi.

Ngakho, bonke nobaba ongcwele bacabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula mayelana kwesibili kanye Lokwahlulela Zokugcina. Isithonjana nge lesi sithombe kusiza ngokucacile kule, ngoba ngezithako zawo uchungechunge senziwa ngendlela ezifana ukuze ubone konke ngokucacile futhi ngokuningiliziwe (enjabulweni yasezulwini zabalungileyo ekuhlushweni esibi esihogweni).

Uzungu lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine kule imidwebo abaculi

Ngakho, njengoba ungabona, ngokuba umKristu othembekile ke laqanjwa kubaluleke kakhulu, lapho Lokwahlulela Kugcine okuvezwayo. Isithonjana nokudweba ezindongeni amathempeli - akuyona into kuphela edlalwe kulesi sihloko. Kwaba futhi zithandwa kakhulu abaculi. Kuhle elikhanyayo isihloko kutholakala endaweni yayo imidwebo.

Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona Umfanekiso ngu Michelangelo ukhiphé kulesi sihloko. Itholakala the eSistine Chapel. Nakuba kwaba umyalo kapapa, kodwa umdwebi ababulawa ke ngendlela yakhe. Lowo mdwebo ubunqunu, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo echazwe anatomy babantu. Lokhu ngisho ekungqubuzaneni olwengeziwe.

Futhi edumile kakhulu iyona triptych Ieronima Boskha. Lena iphethini enamandla kakhulu, okuyinto ngandlela-thile kuthinta salokho okufanele likubone. Kukholakala ukuthi akekho kodwa Bosch kamuva kuhlulekile kudlule ukuze kungabi eziphilayo eyodwa ngamgcina mathupha. Esiqintini isithombe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Maphakathi - umfanekiso enkantolo, kwesobunxele iyipharadesi, futhi ilungelo - esihogweni. Ukwakheka ngamunye enengqondo kakhulu.

Yiqiniso, akusiwona wonke amakhosi ibhulashi, okuyinto esetshenziswa indaba kweBhayibheli lokwaHlulelwa sokugcina izithombe. amaningi kakhulu baye bashukunyiswa yile izingoma ezibhubhisayo, bese wazama ukwakha umbono kwayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu labetibambile zikhathi waseBhayibhelini, okubonisa nemicabango yabo. Ngakho, ukuhluka eziningi nokwaHlulelwa Kokugcina, okwakukhona kude canons.

Image Vasnetsov ibhulashi

Viktor Vasnetsov ngesikhathi sako wadala imidwebo eminingi izindikimba zenkolo. Omunye wabo kwakungu-a Umfanekiso lokwaHlulelwa sokugcina Kiev uVladimir Cathedral, kanye Cathedral St George sika.

Isithonjana Lokwahlulela Vasnetsov siqala lombhishobhi Kiev. Lapho ebhalela umbhali abaningana abazange bayisebenzise le canons kakade ezimisiwe, ukuze isithombe ibukeka kancane etiyetha, nakuba eyakhelwe ngesisekelo imibhalo kweBhayibheli kanye patristic. Maphakathi ukwakheka yingelosi lowo ophethe isikali esandleni sakhe. Kolunye uhlangothi ke bayizoni futhi isihogo somlilo, iBhayibheli lapho, eqinisweni, iwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunabaholi abakhulekeli ngakhethi.

Njengoba singabona kule sithombe, phakathi nezoni kukhona ocebile, amakhosi, abantu yabefundisi kulokhu. Umbhali bangathanda lokhu ukukhombisa ukuthi bonke bayalingana phambi kukaNkulunkulu okwamanje weqiniso. Ngoba bonke abantu kuyoba isinqumo fair ehoreni. Phezulu isithombe iNkosi uqobo ogcina Gospel futhi esiphambanweni. Eceleni kuba UnguNina KaNkulunkulu noJohane uMbhapathizi.

Eyesibili, kwalotshwa phansi umdwebo Cathedral St George sika. Indaba yakhe uhlala ingashintshiwe futhi, ngokusho eziningi eziye zabona isithombe okokuqala, ekhiqizwa okuvelayo yesiteleka. Kuyinto lokhu Indwangu waba yothuthuva eSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi twilight ukhona, isithombe kwaba kabusha neze futhi wabuyela endaweni endala.

Image Rublev ibhulashi

Omunye umsebenzi abadumile kwaba Umfanekiso we Rublev nokwaHlulelwa Kokugcina, okuyinto nokuboniswe eMoscow Cathedral of kweNyuka. Sekube nezigameko eziningi imidwebo yakhe, ngaphezu kwale. Abaningi babulawa kanye Daniel Black. Eminye imininingwane umbhali basuka isiko, ikakhulukazi uma ngesineke imifanekiso lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine. Rublev ngesineke abantu abeza enkantolo, akahlupheki futhi ethemba ukuthola isihe.

By endleleni, wonke guises ku Umfanekiso kuyinto eliphefumulelwe kakhulu futhi sublime. Kulesi sikhathi esinzima, zikhona izinto eziningi kakhulu ukuthi nomthelela ukuvuselelwa engokomoyeni lomuntu.

Ngakho, Umfanekiso Kulula kakhulu umxhwele futhi wathwala phambili. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni iqiniso lokuthi abantu Ningabesabi kwesivivinyo esizohlasela, futhi owawumelelwe iNkosi yakhe Wezobulungiswa. Yiqiniso, kuze kube sesikhathini samanje it is hhayi agcinwe ngokuphelele, kodwa okusele namanje, is abatelekile Ukujula kwawo.