Kumiswa, Imfundo yesibili nezikole

Itilosi edume kakhulu emhlabeni: Columbus, Magellan, noma Bering?

Ingabe ufuna ukufunda indlela igama itilosi edume kakhulu emhlabeni? Ubani igama lale ndoda aluthando kwekuheha kanye abanothando okutholakele Amazing zamkhazimulisa amakhulu eminyaka? Kunzima ukuchaza zonke uhambo siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi umnqobi ekujuleni kolwandle ukuthi ... izindaba mayelana amatilosi anesibindi, ume isibindi Sekuyisikhathi eside babuswe tinganekwane inganekwane. Ngakho ungubani - itilosi edume kakhulu emhlabeni? Njengoba lo mbuzo, sizothini le subjective, impendulo elula akunakwenzeka. Futhi uma kunjalo, masikhumbule a wabahloli ambalwa owaziwa yamanzi expanses sonke isikhathi.

Hristofor Kolumb

Mhlawumbe itilosi edume kakhulu emhlabeni ingabe Hristofor Kolumb, ngokuba kwakunguye owayehola ekukhulumeni owathola Melika. Khumbula ukuthi Itilosi omkhulu wayehamba ukuthola mfula eya kwelaseNdiya, lapho kungenzeka ukuthenga izinongo, kodwa isihambi akazange ukuphatha ukufinyelela ezweni izinongo. Ngakho wazithola esesifundazweni eBahamas, ngisho zokusola ukuthi wayebenzile, cishe kokutholakala abalulekile kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka.

Khona-ke Columbus wacabanga ayezifundile kuphela esiqhingini elaziwayo elincane lase-Asia. Umphumela bomkhankaso kwaba lenqwaba imikhiqizo emisha alethwa eYurophu futhi ... udumo emhlabeni.

Dzheyms Awe-Kuk

Eyesibili itilosi edume kunazo - uJames Cook wafinyelela wayengafuni inkazimulo kancane. Kakade esemncane wayefuna babe expanses umnqobi ulwandle, kanye isifiso sasinamandla kangangokuthi, ngokuba cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, ejoyina umfana gumbi kwi umkhumbi owawuthwele amalahle. Lo mfana ngokushesha ngakho ngafunda ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka emibili wathunyelwa ivuliwe uhambo. Ngokusemthethweni, yena bekumele ukubukela amaplanethi, kodwa ikakhulukazi itilosi sifiso sasiyisono kokutholakala amazwe eningizimu, okuyinto, ngokusho amahemuhemu wayenezenzo eziningi igolide nezinye izinto eziyigugu.

Yaba incwadi Cook lokuqala, owayeneminyaka lucky ngokwanele ukuze bangaweli Antarctic Circle futhi circumnavigate Antarctica. Nokho, itilosi ayikwazanga ukuthola enye into ngaphandle ice, okwaphoqa ukuba ayiyeke le umqondo. Kamuva, Cook banquma ukuzama ukuthola indlela elwandle kuze kube-China, kodwa yonke yaphelela ngokudabukisayo ngaye ukwedlula Columbus: njengoba wazi, nje wabulala abomdabu of Hawaii, lapho ifike. Lokhu, ngempela, Kwakubonakala izimfihlakalo odumile itilosi.

Ferdinand Magellan

Mayelana nalesi ngezebhizinisi futhi kungenzeka ukusho ukuthi lokhu itilosi edume kakhulu, ngoba wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi umhlaba uyisiyingi. Waphetha it out ngokuya ngomkhumbi ohlangothini ngasentshonalanga, abuyele empumalanga. Ekuhambeni kwakhe wathola Atlantic coast yeNingizimu Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Nguyena futhi owanika igama elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, njengoba sonke isikhathi, ngenkathi umkhumbi uwela amanzi awo, babengayikuyibethela kudingeke sikhuthazelele noma isiphi isivunguvungu.

Magellan sengenza into engacabangeki ngesikhathi uhambo wonke, lapho bonke amalungu ethimba babenohlobo yendlala nezifo, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza izinguquko isayensi - ukufakazela ukuthi umhlaba uyisiyingi.

Vitus Bering

Lena elinye igama ezibalulekile emhlabeni amatilosi. Danish-ozalwa Russian ngubani kubuthwa ejenti, bakwazi ukuzenza bahle phezu nezicukuthwane. Ngokushesha, wabelwa ekutadisheni Chukotka futhi eKamchatka. Bering wakwazi ukutlama amabalazwe amasha. Ngenxa ezitholwe zakhe, liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi eKamchatka naseJapane alinayo imingcele engokoqobo ezweni, njengoba Melika nase-Asia anixhunyiwe. Zonke Bering kokuvula kwaholela iNdlovukazi u-Anna Ivanovna ivumile ukusingatha Elikhulu Northern Expedition.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

Eqinisweni lo "muntu kanye ngesitimu" (khumbula, kuba incazelo wamnika uhlamvu kweSoviet ikhathuni postman Pechkin), cishe amatilosi edume kunazo imvelaphi Russian. He is enhle kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi nengxenye hambo bomkhankaso Russian. It Kruzenshtern ephethwe ukubuzwisa Sakhalin kumephu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itilosi, waba ngumthetheli emkhunjini, ngahambisa izincwajana kuso sonke emhlabeni, lapho yena wakwazi ukubhekana ne ephethwe yisifo sezinsini uphuzela! Azithenge kwinqwaba iwayini, futhi yilowo nalowo wamukela ibhodlela nsuku ukugcwalisa ezitolo kavithamini C.

Lapho ebuya ohambweni Kruzenshtern wakwazi ukwakha imephu emangalisayo olunembile, lapho wakhokha hhayi kuphela omningi Sakhalin, kodwa futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Stone isicupho. Lo muntu isikhathi eside waziphatha ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi eziningi abayinakanga ekutadisheni ePacific Ocean.