Ixhaphozi yenkangala: incazelo, ubukhulu, indlela yokuphila, indawo yokuhlala

Izidakamizwa yizilwane ezindala kunabo bonke, abamele kuphela abasesigabeni sama-Arhosaurs - iqembu lama-reptile, kuhlanganise nama-dinosaurs. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umlando wabo waqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule ku-Triassic yokuqala, uma sikhuluma ngazo zonke i-crocodilomorphs. Ababonisi be-detachment ekhona manje babonakala kamuva - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-83.5 edlule. Manje zivamile kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Ingwenya yaseNdiya ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlala eHindustan kanye nensimu ehlangene, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo. Lesi isidalwa esikhulu kakhulu esibonakalayo.

Ingwenya yama marsh ibukeka njani?

I-Marsh ingwenya emithonjeni yemibhalo ingatholwa ngaphansi kwegama likaMager, kanye ne-Indian. Ukubukeka kwalo kufana nalokho okwenziwe yi-alligator. Inhloko enamahloni inezinhlanzi ezinkulu futhi ezinzima, ubude bayo budlula izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2.5 ububanzi ngasese. Awekho ama-crsts kanye nezimila zamathambo e-scaly. Entanyeni kunezinhlaka ezine ezinkulu, okwenza isikwele ngamacwecwe amancane ohlangothini ngalunye. I-sportive spines ihlukaniswe kahle kusuka kusi-occipital, ama-osteoderms avame ukuhlelwa emigqeni emine, ngezinye izikhathi ayisithupha. Amapuleti aphakathi ngemuva angase abe mkhulu kunama-plateal lateral. Ingwenya ye-marsh iboniswa izikali ezihlambulukile emilenzeni naseminwe enezinambuzane ezisekelweni. Umbala wabantu ungahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi ubudala. Izingwenya ezindala, njengomthetho, zinombala omnqumo omnyama, nomnqumo omncane omncane onamabala amnyama namachashazi.

Ubukhulu be ingwenya yaseMarh

Uma sicabanga ngobukhulu bazo bonke abameleli beqembu lezinkozi, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zinezilinganiso ezilinganiselwe. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala. Amantombazane angaba ngu-2,45 m ubude amancane kunamaduna, avela ku-3.2 kuya ku-3.5 m. Ukuhlukahluka kuthinta nesisindo somzimba. Inani elikhulu labantu bobulili bobabili, abancane nabadala, ngesisindo silingana no-40 kuya ku-200 kg. Amantombazane amancane futhi afinyelela ku-50-60 kg, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi banzima - kufika ku-200-250 kg.

I-marsh yendlala (owesilisa) ngesikhathi esakhula kakhulu ingaba mnandi ngobukhulu. Ngokuvamile, kodwa namanje kunezimo lapho zikhula ngaphezu kuka-4.5 m ubude futhi zithole isisindo ku-450 kg. Isikhombisa esikhulu esibhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni silinganiselwa ku-5 m no-600 kg ngokulandelana.

Indawo yokuhlala

Ingwenya ye-marsh ibizwa kanjalo ngesizathu esihle. Indawo ayithandayo kakhulu yizimachibi ezingenalutho ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma ahamba kancane. Ngokuyinhloko lezi zixhaphozi, amachibi, imifula kanye namanzi angasetshenzisiwe okunisela kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ungathola ingwenya yaseMarh emagqumeni anamanzi angama-brackish. Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene lezi zinyama zanda eNdiya, ePakistan, e-Iraq, eSri Lanka, eMyanmar, e-Iran, eBangladesh, eNepal.

Isilinganiso samanani ezindaweni eziningi sinciphisa unyaka nonyaka futhi sisondela ezingeni elibucayi. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo kanye nenkinga yabantu besifunda. Ukuvikela ingwenya yasemanzini, iNdiya yaqala ngo-1975, yenza uhlelo olukhethekile lokukhulisa inani lezilwane. Isibalo esikhulu (abantu abangaphezu kuka-2000) se-Sri Lanka.

I-Swamp Crocodile: Ukudla nokuphila

Lezi zinhlobo, njenge-ingwenya yaseCuban, ingcono kunazo zonke ezinye izinqola ezizwayo emhlabeni. Kungashukumisela (ukufuduka) emadolobheni amancane futhi uphishekele kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngomhlaba, ngenkathi uthuthuka ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-12 km / h, endaweni engokwemvelo (amanzi), ikhula ngokushesha kuya ku-30-40 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigubhu zimba emigodini lapho zifihla ekushiseni phakathi nesomiso.

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-ingwenya yaseNdiya yizinhlanzi, izinyoka, kuhlanganise ne-python, izinyoni, ama-turtles, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezilingana (squirrels, otters, izinkawu, inyamazane, njll). Abantu abakhulu, abantu abadala bangazingela ngokugcwele izilwane ezingenayo: ama-antelopes ase-Asia, ama-zambaras amaNdiya, ama-buffalo nama-gaurs. Ingwenya yamangwenya yabalinda endaweni yokucwilisa, futhi, ebamba inyamazane ngesikhathi esifanele, yahudula ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho yayiqhekeke khona. Ebusuku, bazingela emhlabathini, ngasemigwaqweni yehlathi futhi bangathatha isilwane esivela kwezinye izidumbu, isibonelo ngezingwe.

Ingwenya ye-marsh isebenzisa indlela ethakazelisayo kakhulu yokubamba izinyoni. Lona ngenye yezinambuzane ezimbalwa ezisebenzisa ukuhlambalaza. Uhlala emagumbini akhe amahlumela amancane nezinkuni eziheha izinyoni zifuna ukwakha izinto ezihlahleni zazo. Amaqhinga abaluleke kakhulu entwasahlobo.

Ngokuvamile, ingwenya yaseNdiya yisilwane sezenhlalo. Bayekezela ngokuthula ukuhlala komunye nomunye eduze nezindawo zokugeza, ngesikhathi sokudla nokuzingela.

Ukusebenzisana nezinye izilwane nabantu

Abantu abadala abadala be-ingwenya ye-marsh, eqinisweni, bangaphezulu kwe-chain chain. Ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, abahlaselwa ezinye izidumbu. Ukuncintisana kuphela yizinhlobo zamangwenya ezinkulu, ezinobudlova futhi ezidibeneyo. Uvimbela ukuhlala kwezilwane ezibuzwayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi zizingela.

Izingwenya ze-Marsh nama-tigers zimelela ingozi ethile komunye nomunye. Njengomthetho, izidumbu zizama ukugwema ukuhlangana, kodwa kunezikhathi lapho zingena khona ukuphikisana ngokomzimba. Ingozi enkulu ingwenya yasemanzini imelela ingwe encane, evame ukuhlaselwa.

Amacala okuhlaselwa kwezidakamizwa kubantu ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, enobudlova futhi ibeka usongo oluthile kumuntu. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into eyingozi njengezinhlobo ezihlobene: iNayile nama-crocodiles ahlangene.

Ukukhiqiza

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane nabesilisa kutholakala ngobukhulu buka 2.6 no-1.7-2 m ubude, ngokulandelana. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza sisesikhathini sasebusika. Amaqabunga amantombazane asetshenziswe esidlekeni esidala esihlabathini. Ama-cubs avela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-55-75, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isici esinquma ubulili ukushisa okumaphakathi ngesikhathi sokutshala. Uma ihlelwe ngaphakathi kwe-32.5 ° C, khona-ke kuphela kubesilisa kubonakala, kunalokho kuvela kulo mfanekiso, abesifazane abaningi. Esikhathini sokubamba ingwenya yama marsh kunamaqanda angu-25-30.