I-axis yomhlaba iyisici esibalulekile esimweni sezulu seplanethi yethu

I-Earth's axis of planet yethu enyakatho vector iqondiswa endaweni lapho kukhona inkanyezi yesibili-ubukhulu, okuthiwa i-Polyarnaya, engxenyeni yomsila wengqungquthela yase- Ursa Minor.

Le nkanyezi kungakapheli usuku ihlukanisa isitezi sezulu umbuthano omncane onendawo engaba ngu-50 emaminithi we-arc.

Ezikhathini zasendulo sazi mayelana nokuthambekela kwe-axis yomhlaba

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, ekhulwini lama-2 BC. E., isazi sezinkanyezi uHipparchus wathola ukuthi leli phuzu lihambahamba esibhakabhakeni esinezinkanyezi futhi kancane kancane liyahamba ekuhambeni kwelanga. Wabalwa ngesivinini salokhu ukunyakaza ngo-1 ° ngekhulu leminyaka. Lokhu kutholakala kubizwa ngokuthi "ukulandelana komhlaba kwe-axis." Lona yilokho okuzayo, noma ukulindela kwe-equinox. Inani eliqondile laleli sinyathelo, ukulandelana okuqhubekayo, imizuzwana engu-50 ngonyaka. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, umjikelezo ogcwele we-ecliptic uzoba cishe iminyaka engama-26,000.

Ukunemba kubalulekile kwisayensi

Ake sibuyele embuzweni wombuzo. Ukunqunywa kwesimo sawo esiqondile phakathi kwezinkanyezi kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-astrometry, ephethe izilinganiso zamathambo nama-angles esiteji sezulu ukuze kutholakale izixhumanisi zezinkanyezi namaplanethi, ukuhambelana kahle nezindawo ezihamba ngezinkanyezi, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ezithinta izinkanyezi ezibalulekile ezibalulekile kwi-geography, geodey Nokuhamba.

Ungathola isikhundla sephole lomhlaba ngokusebenzisa isithombe. Cabanga ikhamera yezithombe ezinde isikhathi eside, ebonwa ngesimo se-astrograph, iqondiswe ngaphandle kwesifunda esibhakabhakeni esiseduze. Esimweni esinjalo inkanyezi ngayinye izochaza i-arc engaphezulu noma engaphansi kwembuthano ngesikhungo esisodwa esivamile, esizoba yisigxobo sezwe - iphuzu lapho ukujikeleza kwe-axis yomhlaba kuqondiswa khona.

Okuncane mayelana ne-angle yokuthambekela kwe-axis yomhlaba

Indiza ye-equator yasezulwini, iqondiswa ngokuqondile emkhathini womhlaba, iphinda ishintshe isikhundla sayo, okubangela ukuhamba kwamaphuzu okuhlangana kwe-equator ne-ecliptic. Ngokufanayo, ukukhanga kweNyanga kuya ekuthumeni kwe-equatorial kwezimbangi zomhlaba kuhloswe ukuguqula uMhlaba ngendlela yokuthi indiza yayo yokulinganisa iphele iNyanga. Kodwa kulokhu leli gunya alisebenzanga kwigobolondo lamanzi loMhlaba, kodwa kubantu abaningi abakha ukuvuvukala kwe-equatorial kwesibalo salo ellipsoidal.

Ake ucabange ibhola elibhalwe ellipsoid, elithinta izibonda. Insimu enjalo idonselwa yiNyanga neLanga ngamandla aqondiswe enkabeni yayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-axis yomhlaba ihlala ingashintshi. Lokhu ukukhanga, okwenza ukuvuvukala kwe-equatorial, kuvame ukuguqula uMhlaba ngendlela yokuthi izindiza ze-equator yomhlaba nento okuyihehayo zivumelane, kudala umzuzwana osheshayo. Ilanga phakathi nonyaka liphindwe kabili ukusuka e-equator kuya ku-± 23.5 °, futhi ukususwa kwenyanga kusukela ku-equator phakathi nenyanga kufinyelela cishe ku-± 28.5 °.

Imidwebo yezingubo zezingane ivule imfihlo encane

Uma uMhlaba ungazange uphenduke, wawuzogoba, njengokungathi ugoqa, ukuze i-equator ihlale ibukele ilanga nenyanga. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu kanye ne-inertia yomhlaba, ukuguquka okunjalo bekungeke kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uMhlaba awukwazanga ukusabela ekushintsheni okusheshayo kwezikhombisi-ndlela. Siyazi kahle ngalesi senzakalo esibonelweni sezingane eziphezulu. Ubuvunguvungu buvame ukuguqula phezulu, kodwa amandla e-centripetal avikele ukuwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-axis iyahamba, ichaza isimo se-conical. Futhi ngokushesha ukunyakaza, isibalo esincane. I-axis yomhlaba iziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Leli diganti elithile lesimo sayo esinqabile esikhala.

I-angle ye-axis yomhlaba ithinta isimo sezulu

Umhlaba uhamba ngokuzungeza i-Sun ku-orbit okucishe kufane nombuthano. Ukuqaphela isivinini sezinkanyezi esiseduze ne-ecliptic, kusho ukuthi nganoma isiphi isikhathi esondela kwenye yezinkanyezi futhi sisuka kude nabo esibhakabhakeni ngesivinini esingama-29.5 amakhilomitha ngehora. Ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka kungumphumela walowo. Kukhona ukugobhoza kwe-axis yomhlaba kuya endizeni ye-orbit futhi kungaba ama-degree angu-66.5.

Ngenxa ye-elliptical orbit encane, iplanethi ngoJanuwari isondela eduze kweLanga kuneJulayi, kodwa umehluko ebangeni akuyona into ephawulekayo. Ngakho-ke, ithonya ekutholeni ukushisa kusuka kwenkanyezi yethu ayibonakali.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-axis yomhlaba iyiparamitha elingaguquguquki lomhlaba wethu. Njengoba izifundo zibonisa, isimo sokuthambekela kwe-axis yomhlaba esivumelana nendiza ye-orbit yayo esikhathini esidlule kwakuhlukile futhi sashintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane mayelana nokufa kukaPetonon ngezincazelo zePlato, kukhulunywe ngokushiywa kwe-axis ngalesi sikhathi esibi ngo-28 °. Le nhlekelele yenzeke eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule.

Kancane kancane ucabange futhi ushintshe i-angle yomhlaba

I-angle yamanje ye-axis yomhlaba ngokuqondene nezindiza ze-orbit ingama-66.5 ° futhi ayihlinzeki ngokushintshashintsha okukhulu okushisayo ebusika ehlobo. Isibonelo, uma leli kheli lilinganiselwa ku-45 °, kuzokwenzekani endaweni ye-Moscow (55.5 °)? Ngo-Meyi, ilanga ngaphansi kwalezi zimo lizofika ku-zenith (90 °) futhi lizoshintshela ku-100 ° (55.5 ° + 45 ° = 100.5 °).

Njengoba kuqhutshwa ukunyakaza okunjalo kwe-Sun, isikhathi sonyaka sonyaka sonyaka sizosheshe siphume, futhi ngoMeyi wawuzofinyelela phezulu kwezinga lokushisa, njenge-equator esiphezulu solstice. Bese buthakathaka kancane, kusukela ilanga, edlula i-zenith, lalizoqhubeka kancane. Khona-ke waphindela emuva, edlula i-zenith futhi. Kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili, ngoJulayi noMeyi, bekuyoba nokushisa okungenakubekezelelwa, okungaba ngu-45-50 degrees Celsius.

Manje cabanga ngalokho okwakuzokwenzeka ebusika, isibonelo, eMoscow? Ngemva kokudlula i-zenith yesibili, inkanyezi yethu yayizofika ngoDisemba kuya ku-degrees 10 (55.5 ° -45 ° = 10.5 °) ngenhla. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba, ilanga laliyobonakala isikhathi esifushane kunamanje, likhuphuka kancane kancane phezulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ilanga lalizokhanya ngamahora angu-1-2 ngosuku. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izinga lokushisa ebusuku lizokwehla ngezansi -50 degrees Celsius.

Yonke into yokuziphendukela kwemvelo inelungelo lokuphila

Njengoba sibona, ngoba isimo sezulu emhlabeni siyabalulekile, umhlaba ubheka kanjani. Lesi yisenzakalo esiyisisekelo esimweni sezulu esithambile nezimo zokuphila. Nakuba, mhlawumbe ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene eplanethi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakuyohamba kancane, kudala izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. Futhi impilo yayizoqhubeka ikhona kwezinye zezinhlobonhlobo zayo, futhi, mhlawumbe, bekuyoba khona indawo "yomunye" umuntu kulo.